Consumer Advisory Bulletin, "Lemon Law" -- Know Your Rights!, February 2003

The Attorney General’s Consumer Protection Division receives hundreds of calls and consumer complaints every year. Follow these tips to avoid unexpected expense and disappointments. This record is about: Iowa's "Lemon Law" -- Know Your Rights!

It's parties that choose electoral systems (or Duverger's Law upside down)

This article presents, discusses and tests the hypothesis that it is the number of parties what can explain the choice of electoral systems, rather than the other way round. Already existing political parties tend to choose electoral systems that, rather than generate new party systems by themselves, will crystallize, consolidate or reinforce previously existing party configurations. A general model develops the argument and presents the concept of 'behavioral-institutional equilibrium' to account for the relation between electoral systems and party systems. The most comprehensive dataset and test of these notions to date, encompassing 219 elections in 87 countries since the 19th century, are presented. The analysis gives strong support to the hypotheses that political party configurations dominated by a few parties tend to establish majority rule electoral systems, while multiparty systems already existed before the introduction of proportional representation. It also offers the new theoretical proposition that strategic party choice of electoral systems leads to a general trend toward proportional representation over time.

Le juge en droit européen et international = The Judge in European and International Law

Le juge et son rôle ont été thématisés abondamment en théorie du droit, mais toujours sous l'angle du droit et du juge internes. On pensera ainsi aux questions des rapports entre justice et politique ou démocratie, ou encore au rôle créateur de droit du juge en cas de lacune juridique et à la légitimité du droit dit prétorien. Pour autant que l'on considère qu'il s'agisse bien d'un juge, le juge international ou européen et sa fonction judiciaire posent des problèmes de même type certes bien que plus aigus, mais aussi des difficultés nouvelles auxquelles la théorie du droit n'a pas encore donné de réponses. Le présent ouvrage tente d'identifier ces difficultés théoriques propres au juge international ou européen et d'apporter des débuts de réponse. Fruit du sixième colloque doctoral de l'Ecole doctorale Fondements du droit européen et international et quatrième volume de la collection du même nom, il réunit des contributions en anglais et en français rédigées par des doctorants des universités suisses romandes et alémaniques et d'universités européennes partenaires, mais aussi d'intervenants externes invités aux différentes sessions du colloque.

Branqueamento de capitais e financiamento do terrorismo: Controlo e prevenção - Caso sector bancário cabo-verdiano

O presente trabalho intitulado “Branqueamento de Capitais e Financiamento do Terrorismo: Controlo e Prevenção”, enquadra-se no âmbito de licenciatura em Contabilidade e Administração, ramo Auditoria, com o objectivo de aferir o estado de desenvolvimento do sector bancário Cabo-Verdiano, em termos de controlo e prevenção do branqueamento de capitais e financiamento do terrorismo (BC/FT), nomeadamente perceber qual o nível de preparação existente, para fazer face às 40 recomendações do GAFI e outras organizações e identificar o progresso feito no sector desde 2009 nesta temática, nomeadamente após a entrada em vigor da Lei n.º 38/VII/2009, de 27 de Abril. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho científico integra-se num quadro metodológico em que se incidiu sobre a abordagem quantitativa e exploratória, aplicando o inquérito por questionário. Com este trabalho de pesquisa, conclui-se que em Cabo Verde, no sector bancário, vem se fazendo, nos últimos quatro anos, progressos substanciais em alguns dos aspectos em análise no âmbito do controlo e prevenção de branqueamento de capitais e do combate ao financiamento do terrorismo. This current work entitled "Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism: Prevention and Control", has been written in the context of a degree in Accounting and Management, Audit Branch, in order to assess the state of development of the banking sector of Cape Verde in the control and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF), including to notice what level of preparation existing, to meet the FATF 40 Recommendations and other organizations and identify the progress made in the sector since 2009 in this theme, especially after the entry into force of Law no. 38/VII/2009 , April 27 th . The development of this scientific work is part of a methodological framework that is focused on exploratory and quantitative approach, using the questionnaire survey. With this research, it is concluded that in Cape Verde, in the banking sector has been doing for the past four years, substantial progress in some of the aspects analyzed under control and prevention of money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism.