Produção do espaço e reestruturação produtiva do setor de laticínio no Rio Grande do Norte

Since the 1970s, Brazil has gone through several changes in its economic and productive structures, which have symbiotic relationship with the organization and dynamics of the Brazilian territory. This set of economic, social and technical-scientific transformations developed in the amid the productive capital restructuring, a process that occurs on a global scale, but that effective with particularities in different places. Adopting this presuposition the present research had as main objective analyze the productive restructuring of the dairy sector in Rio Grande do Norte, highlighting its relationship with production process / organization of space and its impact on the social relations of production. The adopted methodology to elaborate of this study was based on the achievement a bibliographic review with regard to proceedings of production of space and productive restructuring, document research about the dynamics of the dairy sector in Rio Grande do Norte, as well as on regulatory instructions governing the dairy production in Brazil, we achieve parallel secondary data collection, with official organs such as IBGE, EMATER and SINDLEITE. Another important methodological resource was the realization of the field research, which enabled us to empirically understand the distinct realities lived by agents acting on milk production system in Rio Grande do Norte. The analyzes performed nevertheless evidence that the restructuring process in the dairy sector is fomented, greatly by state,that finance, encourages and normatizes the production of milk in the country. In the specific case of Rio Grande do Norte, this process is boosted by the creation of "Programa do Leite," which by constituting of an institutional market, contributes to the strengthening and expansion of industries, the detriment of the artisanal processing sector. Nevertheless family farmers continue to act in the activity, be only producing and trading fresh milk, supplying milk to processing units, mediating the production of their peers or by the craft benefiting milk in traditional cheese factories presents in the entire state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results reveal that it is a complex web of social relations of production that are established at the heart of laticinista activity in the Rio Grande Norte, these are summarily marked by relations of competition and complementarity between industrial and artisanal processing of milk

Gestão do sistema de produção e práticas enxutas adotadas nas indústrias paraibanas: um estudo multicaso

The evolution of the practices and strategies of manufacturing management, over the years, has made many companies realign their production systems in order to raise their competitiveness and operational performance. However, in most cases these changes are made in a heterogeneous manner, which ends up leaving the production system without a defined goal, which may end up damaging the managerial strategies of the organization as a whole. Thus, some organizations seek to use techniques and/or successful production practices used by other companies, believing can be able to reproduce the same results. An efficient production system must be fully planned and appropriate to the strategic objectives of the organization. Thus, this paper aims to identify the manufacturing management strategies adopted in paraibanas industries, as well as identify the lean practices used by them. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted, using as methodological basis the multicase study. Were made: direct observations, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires applied to those responsible by the production sector of the participating companies. As a result, it was possible to identify the type of manufacturing management system adopted by companies. Where it was detected that Company A uses a system of Modern Mass Production with focus on productivity and low cost and the Company B is using Lean Manufacturing system focused on quality and diversity. In the two organizations was possible to realize the application of lean practices where the Company what does not use the LM, possessed lean practices in standard extremely mature of utilization.

Estimativas, variabilidade e análise de tendência da evapotranspiração de referência em perímetros irrigados, no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro

The variability / climate change has generated great concern worldwide, is one of the major issues as global warming, which can is affecting the availability of water resources in irrigated perimeters. In the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil it is known that there is a predominance of drought, but it is not enough known about trends in climate series of joint water loss by evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether there is increase and / or decrease evidence in the regime of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), for the monthly, annual and interdecadal scales in irrigated polo towns of Juazeiro, BA (9 ° 24'S, 40 ° 26'W and 375,5m) and Petrolina, PE (09 ° 09'S, 40 ° 22'W and 376m), which is the main analysis objective. The daily meteorological data were provided by EMBRAPA Semiárido for the period from 01.01.1976 to 31.12.2014, estimated the daily ETo using the standard method of Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parameterized by Smith (1991). Other methods of more simplified estimatives were calculated and compared to EToPM, as the ones following: Solar Radiation (EToRS), Linacre (EToL), Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS) and the method of Class A pan (EToTCA). The main statistical analysis were non-parametric tests of homogeneity (Run), trend (Mann-kendall), magnitude of the trend (Sen) and early trend detection (Mann-Whitney). The statistical significance adopted was 5 and / or 1%. The Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used to detect if there is a significant difference in mean interdecadal mean. For comparison between the methods of ETo, it were used the correlation test (r), the Student t test and Tukey levels of 5% significance. Finally, statistics Willmott et al. (1985) statistics was used to evaluate the concordance index and performance of simplified methods compared to the standard method. It obtained as main results that there was a decrease in the time series of EToPM in irrigated areas of Juazeiro, BA and Petrolina, PE, significant respectively at 1 and 5%, with an annual magnitude of -14.5 mm (Juazeiro) and -7.7 mm (Petrolina) and early trend in 1996. The methods which had better for better agreement with EToPM were EToRS with very good performance, in both locations, followed by the method of EToL with good performance (Juazeiro) and median (Petrolina). EToHS had the worst performance (bad) for both locations. It is suggested that this decrease of EToPM can be associated with the increase in irrigated agricultural areas and the construction of Sobradinho lake upstream of the perimeters.

Accountability et confiance dans l'institution scolaire

Dans quelle mesure la montée de la reddition de comptes et de l’évaluation en éducation est-elle significative d’un déclin de la confiance de l’Etat, des administrateurs scolaires et des usagers dans la capacité des organisations scolaires à remplir correctement leurs missions ? N’est-elle pas également symptômatique d’une perte de confiance à l’égard des enseignants et de leur professionnalisme? Nous traiterons ces questions en proposant une réflexion à partir des théories de la confiance en sciences sociales. Nous distinguerons en particulier les théories qui s’interrogent sur les conditions de confiance dans les transactions économiques et celles qui raisonnent la confiance « politique » dans les institutions. Nous argumentons que les dispositifs d’accountability tendent surtout à réduire l’incertitude des clients/managers quant aux risques d’opportunisme et d’opacité des opérateurs scolaires. Il s’agit de favoriser la bonne marche « du marché » ou de « l’organisation productive » scolaire, au risque d’une perte d’autonomie professionnelle des enseignants et sans pour autant que l’Ecole ne redevienne une institution politique «digne de confiance ».

Beszállítófejlesztés és lean beszállítófejlesztés = Supplier development and lean supplier development

A tanulmány általános áttekintést ad a beszállítófejlesztésről. A szakmában elterjedt fogalmak, a meghatározó koncepcionális keretek, az ajánlott szervezeti megoldások és az eredményes megvalósítást támogató és gátló tényezők számba vétele arra szolgál, hogy tág kontextusban értelmezhessük a lean beszállítófejlesztést. A lean beszállítófejlesztés intézményesített szervezeti rutinok halmazát jelenti – a japán autóipari nagyvállalatok gyakorlata alapján. Egyszerre van jelen az ad hoc problémamegoldás és a folyamatorientált, tág és stratégiai beszállítófejlesztés. A kulcsbeszállítók állnak a középpontban. A beszállítókkal való együttműködésben a bilaterális kapcsolatok (beszerző-beszállító) és a multilaterális kapcsolatok (beszerző és beszállítók csoportja) is fontos szereppel bírnak. A tevékenységek megvalósításában több tucat alkalmazott főállásban vesz részt. Ezek az alkalmazottak a beszerző vállalat termelési rendszerének, működési filozófiájának is szakértői. A globális nagyvállalatoknál – adott régióban is – több osztály, esetenként egymástól függetlenül is foglalkozik a beszállítók fejlesztésével. A sikeres megvalósítást és részvételt, elköteleződést támogatja, hogy az ösztönzési rutinok is formalizáltak és intézményesítettek (pl. hatalmi kérdések, elért haszon megosztása, partnerek felelőssége). _____ Our study reviews supplier development (SD) and lean supplier development literature. The first part gives an overview about general SD and related definitions, conceptual frameworks, organisational settings and supporting/impeding factors influencing the success of SD efforts. The second part of the study positions lean supplier development in this general SD context. Lean SD is built on sets of institutionalized organisational routines – based on daily practice of Japanese automotive companies. Lean SD contains of different SD approaches. It is pervaded by both ad hoc problem solving activities and process-focused, wide and strategic approaches at the same time. The efforts are focused on key suppliers. The SD is organised through bilateral (purchaser firm and supplier firm) and multilateral (purchaser firm and supplier firms) relations. At global automotive companies more dozens full time employees work on SD. These employees are expert of the production system and operating philosophy of the purchaser company. Global firms – even in a particular geographical area – have usually more departments responsible for SD. Eventually these departments work independently from each other. To achieve the expected performance improvement and real involvement and commitment it is critical to formalize and institutionalize routines influencing motivation as well (eg., power, gain sharing, responsibilities).

Accountability et confiance dans l'institution scolaire

Dans quelle mesure la montée de la reddition de comptes et de l’évaluation en éducation est-elle significative d’un déclin de la confiance de l’Etat, des administrateurs scolaires et des usagers dans la capacité des organisations scolaires à remplir correctement leurs missions ? N’est-elle pas également symptômatique d’une perte de confiance à l’égard des enseignants et de leur professionnalisme? Nous traiterons ces questions en proposant une réflexion à partir des théories de la confiance en sciences sociales. Nous distinguerons en particulier les théories qui s’interrogent sur les conditions de confiance dans les transactions économiques et celles qui raisonnent la confiance « politique » dans les institutions. Nous argumentons que les dispositifs d’accountability tendent surtout à réduire l’incertitude des clients/managers quant aux risques d’opportunisme et d’opacité des opérateurs scolaires. Il s’agit de favoriser la bonne marche « du marché » ou de « l’organisation productive » scolaire, au risque d’une perte d’autonomie professionnelle des enseignants et sans pour autant que l’Ecole ne redevienne une institution politique «digne de confiance ».

Eficiência, gestão e meio ambiente na carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte

SILVA, J. L. M. da; SAMPAIO, L. M. . Eficiência, Gestão e Meio Ambiente na Carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte. In: Congresso da Sociendade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural - SOBER, 40., 2007, Londrina. Conhecimentos para a Agricultura do Futuro, 2007.

PROPOSAL OF AN EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR SUPPLIERS SELECTION

The problem of selecting suppliers/partners is a crucial and important part in the process of decision making for companies that intend to perform competitively in their area of activity. The selection of supplier/partner is a time and resource-consuming task that involves data collection and a careful analysis of the factors that can positively or negatively influence the choice. Nevertheless it is a critical process that affects significantly the operational performance of each company. In this work, trough the literature review, there were identified five broad suppliers selection criteria: Quality, Financial, Synergies, Cost, and Production System. Within these criteria, it was also included five sub-criteria. Thereafter, a survey was elaborated and companies were contacted in order to answer which factors have more relevance in their decisions to choose the suppliers. Interpreted the results and processed the data, it was adopted a model of linear weighting to reflect the importance of each factor. The model has a hierarchical structure and can be applied with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method or Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). The result of the research undertaken by the authors is a reference model that represents a decision making support for the suppliers/partners selection process.

Eficiência, gestão e meio ambiente na carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte

SILVA, J. L. M. da; SAMPAIO, L. M. . Eficiência, Gestão e Meio Ambiente na Carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte. In: Congresso da Sociendade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural - SOBER, 40., 2007, Londrina. Conhecimentos para a Agricultura do Futuro, 2007.

Contributo da filosofia Lean na redução do custo de uma peça metálica

Num mercado cada vez mais exigente e competitivo, torna-se imprescindível que as organizações otimizem continuamente os seus sistemas produtivos. Muitas têm visto nas filosofias e práticas Lean e Kaizen as respostas para conseguirem produzir mais sem acrescentar recursos, e de forma mais rápida, mais eficaz e mais eficiente. O envolvimento da empresa numa cultura de melhoria contínua orientada para o cliente permite a criação de valor em todas as etapas, tornando-a mais flexível e competitiva. Essa transformação cultural, aliada à aplicação de ferramentas Lean e Kaizen, permitem melhorar o desempenho global da organização, reduzindo os custos através do combate aos inibidores de performance: os desperdícios, os paradigmas, a inflexibilidade e a variabilidade. No presente trabalho pretende-se mostrar a aplicabilidade de algumas destas ferramentas no processo produtivo de um componente metálico para a indústria mobiliária, assim como os ganhos alcançados com esta abordagem. Ao longo de todo o projeto foram usadas diversas ferramentas Lean Manufacturing como organização do posto de trabalho (5S), Gestão Visual, troca rápida de ferramentas (SMED), mapeamento da cadeia de valor (VSM) e alterações de layouts (com recurso ao software Arena e AutoCad para estudar a alteração mais eficiente que permitisse uma maior produtividade com menor quantidade de recursos). Também se mostra igualmente a importância dos colaboradores no processo de mudança, através das iniciativas Kaizen, do programa de sugestões, dos inquéritos de satisfação e das ações de formação, para que eles se sintam parte integrante da organização.

Melhoria do sistema produtivo de escadotes da FUTE – Fábrica de Utilidade de Tubos, SA

Atualmente as empresas encontram-se perante uma sociedade cada vez mais competitiva e desenvolvida, sendo por isso, imperativo a procura da melhoria contínua como forma de assegurar a adaptação da organização empresarial às alterações socioeconómicas que possam surgir. Incutir esta cultura é fundamental dentro do meio empresarial. A redução dos custos e o aumento da produtividade são dois dos principais desafios que todas as empresas se confrontam diariamente, sendo para isso desenvolvidas e aplicadas várias metodologias. A presente dissertação foi realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica no ramo de Gestão Industrial no Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Este trabalho realizou-se no ambiente industrial da empresa Afer FUTE - Fábrica de Utilidades de Tubos, S.A, que é uma empresa dedicada, essencialmente à produção de Tábuas de Engomar e Escadotes. O objetivo deste projeto visava melhorar todo o sistema produtivo da secção dos Escadotes, englobando assim todos os procedimentos desde o momento de entrada dos materiais até à obtenção do produto acabado. Tendo em vista a resolução dos problemas inicialmente existentes na empresa, foram apresentadas propostas de melhoria do processo produtivo segundo uma visão, Lean Production ou seja baseada na eliminação de qualquer tipo de desperdícios. A implementação destas propostas permitiu a obtenção de resultados positivos no Sistema Produtivo de Escadotes, nomeadamente um aumento de produtividade em cerca de 40%.

Desenvolvimento ponderal de bubalinos da raça Murrah criados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha no Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Foram analisados os dados de desempenho ponderal de bubalinos Murrah do Sistema de Produção de Leite da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, campus de Botucatu. Os pesos foram corrigidos às diversas idades-padrão e o modelo incluiu os efeitos de sexo (S), mês (M) e ano (A) de nascimento, classe de idade da búfala ao parto (C) e as interações S x M, S x A, S x C e M x A. As médias ajustadas e respectivos erros-padrão estimados para as características estudadas foram: Peso ao Nascer (PN): 37,71 ± 8,25kg; Peso aos 120 dias (P120): 102,08 ± 16,27kg; Peso aos 240 dias (P240): 169,84 ± 22,83kg; Peso aos 365 dias (P365): 250,59 ± 25,12kg; Peso aos 550 dias (P550): 326,13 ± 39,27kg e Peso aos 730 dias (P730): 389,80 ± 31,26kg. O efeito de sexo (S) foi significativo somente para PN e P365, sendo que machos tenderam a nascer mais pesados que fêmeas. O mês de nascimento (M) exerceu efeito sobre o PN, P120 e P730 sendo que animais nascidos em maio foram os mais pesados ao nascer, enquanto os nascidos em janeiro e maio, foram os mais pesados aos 120 e 730 dias, respectivamente. O efeito de ano de foi significativo sobre o PN, P120, P240 e P730. Os filhos de búfalas das classes de idade 1 (3 anos ou menos) e da classe 6 (10,11 e 12 anos) foram os mais leves e mais pesados ao nascer, respectivamente. O fato de a classe de idade da búfala não exercer efeito sobre os P365, P550 e P730 sugere que, em rebanhos comerciais possa ser feita a substituição de búfalas não gestantes por novilhas prenhes, apesar de esta prática reduzir a média de idade do rebanho de cria. Bubalinos da raça Murrah oriundos de rebanhos leiteiros podem ser utilizados para a produção de carne.

O efeito do peso vivo às 17 semanas de idade de galinhas poedeiras nos parâmetros produtivos e de qualidade do ovo durante a fase de postura

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica/Produção Animal

Environmental and genetic effects on production traits of ewes originally from distinct environments.

Wool production and reproductive performance components of similar genotypes, brought from distinct production areas, were evaluated during five years trial at similar environments, such as, joining season and stocking rate on winter improved pasture. The least squares means revealed that the origin (breed) effect concentrated upon the Corriedale ewes wool production, whereas in Romney females it affected the reproductive performance.

Enhancing bioactive fatty acids of the meat from lambs reared in intensive systems through nutritional modulation

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, especialidade de Produção Animal