The present status of the fishery for tilapia in Lake Victoria (Uganda)

The commercial fisheries of Lake Victoria are presently dominated by three species: the stocked Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus, and the endemic cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea. The three comprise at least 90% of the commercial catch while the rest of the endemic species mostly occur as by-catch (incidental catch) except in localised areas. Apart from being a major source of food, the three species especially the Nile perch represent the usually recognized main forms of predation, As they exert a "top-down" effect on production, they are important in the trophic dynamics of the Lake Victoria ecosystem. However, another form of predation which is usually unrecognized in the lake productivity mechanisms is one due to fishing mortality. Fishermen essentially behave as predatory elements in the ecosystem. This is manifested in ways that paral1el the effect of fish as predators e.g. some fishermen are habitat restricted and specialised in catching particular species or sizes, others are opportunistic and switch to whatever species (prey) are available which may depend on season, etc. There are also indirect factors that influence fishing mortality as a form of predation e.g. availability on the market of different gears, thefts of nets and of fish from nets, civil strife, market demand etc. The fatter are essentially socioeconomic factors. Application of the principles of fisheries management requires "a data base from which effective options can be generated. It is considered that one of the fundamental requirements for such a data base is information on the spatial distribution of the species fishery. This can be combined with information on landings which can eventually be incorporated into a programme of stock monitoring. The aim of this paper is to highlight information on the Tilapia fishery that may benefit fisheries management.

Cage culture of Nile Tilapia

Nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) a fish introduced into Lake Victoria to boost the fishery industry after the Nile perch lates niloticus fed on the native tilapiine oreochromis esculentus and Oreochromis viabillis to almost extinction has been proposed to be cultured in the Lake Victoria. The fact sheet explains the culture of Nile tilapia in cages in Lake Victoria, Uganda.

Age, growth, tagging of tilapia spp. and reproductive biology of siluroid catfishes in Lake Victoria

This report encompasses the time period 1 September 1973 through 31 July 1975. The research Officer's tour of duty officially terminated 30 September 1975, consisting of a regular 2-year tour of duty with three month extension of contract. During this time research into age and growth of several tropical species of fishes was conducted. In addition a closely related tagging program was initiated in order to determine both growth and movements of fishes. Lastly, some effort was directed towards aspects of the basic biology of several of the siluroid catfishes. This report delineates the relative effort into and success of the various research projects; presents results of research not previously offered, summarizes findings, and makes recommendations for future research endeavour. Two annual reports along with quarterly reports up to 30 June 1975 have been produced and are on file both at Headquarters in Jinja and the Kisumu Sub-station. These only will be referred to in some instances and built upon in others. Opinions offered, conclusions drawn and recommendation given within this report are solely those of the research officer employed in an official capacity for E.A.F.F.R.O.

Fisheries co-management : ecological and social impacts. A case study of Northern Mozambique

Co-management, or participative management of fisheries, consists of returning or opening to the community the management of fisheries. This work, carried out in northern Mozambique, analyzed the ecological and social impacts of the implementation of co-management of fisheries. Firstly 198 species of fish were found and photographed and a guide to identification of species - essential to who works in the marine environment – was produced. Following, the spill-over effect was identified in a marine sanctuary. It occurred after 6 years and only for herbivore fishes and not to the carnivores. In order to evaluate co–management of fisheries effects, the captures of the entire province were analyzed. No differences were found in the diversity of the species caught, but an increase of the fish size was detected: this size was smaller in the fishing centers with no CCP (Community Fishing Councils), slightly bigger in the fishing centers with CCP and even bigger in the fishing centers with a more efficient management. At the same time it was observed that the size of the fish caught is bigger in the fishing centers further away from the markets. In addition to the ecological effects and the effects on fisheries, it was also analyzed the point of view of those who live the co-management. The socioeconomic factors that have a stronger influence in their perceptions are the age and the wealth. Finally and according to the CCP members, their main achievements are in the fisheries inspection and in the creation of conservation areas. Their main difficulties are the lack of means of transportation and the lack of recognition of the CCP's authority; both among the population and in the coordination with local authorities. This thesis pioneered in Mozambique in assessing the effects of Community sanctuaries and the effects of CCP on fisheries as well as by revealing the profile of the supporters of co-management and marine sanctuaries. Finally, an assessment of the matter of fact problems that the communities have to face when implementing co-management was also made.

Changes in catches and biological characteristics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) in Lake Wamala (Uganda) under changing climatic conditions

There have been changes in catches and biological characteristics of the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) in Lake Wamala (Uganda) since its introduction and establishment, but the factors which have contributed to these changes are not adequately understood. This study examined changes in catches and biological characteristics of Nile tilapia in relation to changes in temperature, rainfall and lake depth to provide an understanding of the role of changing climatic conditions. There was an increase in minimum, maximum and average temperature since 1980, but only minimum (0.021ºCyr-1) and average (0.018ºCyr-1) showed a significant trend (p < 0.05). Rainfall increased by 8.25 mmyr-1 since 1950 and accounted for 79.5% of the water input into the lake while evaporation accounted for 86.2% of the water loss from the lake. The lake depth was above 4 m during the years rainfall was above normal average of 1180 mm, except during the period 2011-2014. The contribution of Nile tilapia to total catch and CPUE changed with rainfall and lake depth up to 2000, after which they decreased despite increase in rainfall. There was a strong positive correlation between lake depth and average total length of Nile tilapia (r = 0.991, p < 0.001) and length at 50% maturity (r = 0.726, p < 0.001). The length-weight allometry between high and low lake depths was significantly different [t (6) = 3.225, p < 0.05], with Nile tilapia being heavier (for a given length) at high lake depth than at low lake depth. Fecundity of Nile tilapia was higher and egg diameter lower than what is reported in literature. Nile tilapia shifted from algal dominated diet during the wet season to include more insects during the dry season. The study showed that the catches and biological characteristics of Nile tilapia change with climate and hydrological factors and these need to be considered in management of the fisheries of Lake Wamala.

EFFECT OF FARMING PRACTICES AND FARM HISTORY ON INCIDENCE OF COCONUT LETHAL YELLOWING IN MOZAMBIQUE

Management of coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), which has killed about eight million coconut trees in Mozambique, has proved challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of farming practices and related history, on the CLYD incidence in Mozambique. The methodology included a socioeconomic questionnaire to the households and direct observations on the palm farms. The collected data were analysed using logistic regression. Five out of 11 explanatory variables tested, namely farm age, availability of other palm species on the coconut farm, type of coconut varieties grown, root cut practices, and intercropping had a significant (P< 0.05) effect on CLYD incidence. Coconut farms <10 years had higher odds of higher disease incidence compared to the farms between 10 to 40 years old. The presence of other palm species in the coconut farms had two times higher odds of having higher disease incidence levels compared to farms without other palm species. Tall coconut varieties were likely to be more tolerant to CLYD compared to dwarf varieties. Coconut farms with some kind of intercropping had two times higher odds of having higher disease incidence levels compared to pure stands. The practice of cutting coconut roots had three times higher odds of having high disease incidence levels compared to non-practicing farms. Farm age, availability of other palm species on the coconut farm, type of coconut varieties grown, root cut practices and intercropping need to be considered for integrated CLYD management.

Tourism demand modelling and forecasting with artificial neural network models: the Mozambique case study

This study is aimed to model and forecast the tourism demand for Mozambique for the period from January 2004 to December 2013 using artificial neural networks models. The number of overnight stays in Hotels was used as representative of the tourism demand. A set of independent variables were experimented in the input of the model, namely: Consumer Price Index, Gross Domestic Product and Exchange Rates, of the outbound tourism markets, South Africa, United State of America, Mozambique, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The best model achieved has 6.5% for Mean Absolute Percentage Error and 0.696 for Pearson correlation coefficient. A model like this with high accuracy of forecast is important for the economic agents to know the future growth of this activity sector, as it is important for stakeholders to provide products, services and infrastructures and for the hotels establishments to adequate its level of capacity to the tourism demand.

First record of the coloured righteye flounder, Poecilopsetta colorata (Teleostei: Poecilopsettidae) from the Sakalaves seamounts in the Mozambique Channel

Background: The coloured righteye flounder, Poecilopsetta colorata Günther, 1880 was previously known from the eastern Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and Indonesia. Here, a new record from the western Indian Ocean is reported. Results: The new record is based on a specimen collected on the Sakalaves seamounts at 375 m in depth in the Mozambique Channel during a recent oceanographic survey. Four other teleost fish species including an uncommon ophidiid species, Neobythites somaliaensis Nielsen, 1995 were also collected on the same seamounts. Conclusions: The presence of P. colorata in the Mozambique Channel suggests a broad and Indo-West Pacific wide distribution for this relatively rare deep-sea species. The sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit-I for the collected specimen is provided as a genetic reference for further DNA barcoding and systematic studies.

Estudio de factibilidad técnico-económico para el cultivo de peces de tilapia en jaulas flotantes aplicado al rancho Santa Lucía del cantón quitasol, caserio el coyolito K-481/2 Tejutla, Chalatenango.

Este documento está diseñado principalmente para el Consejo Nacional de Empresarios Salvadoreños (CONAES) y para el propietario del Rancho Santa Lucia, su propósito fue el preparar un estudio de factibilidad técnico-económico para el cultivo de peces tilapia en jaulas flotantes, el cual incluye en su contenido métodos como el analítico, sintético y descriptivo para realizar un adecuado diagnóstico de la problemática actual y obtener una perspectiva más precisa de la magnitud del problema. También se establecieron las fuentes de información primarias a través de las técnicas como la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación directa, además de otro tipo de información para el marco teórico en el que se fundamenta la investigación, entre estos se incluyen libros, revistas, informes, periódicos, sitios Web, entre otras fuentes secundarias. La población objeto de análisis se dividió en dos universos: el primero constituido por 27 consumidores que incluyen restaurantes, merenderos y comerciantes de productos pesqueros de los mercados de Nueva Concepción, La Reina, Chalatenango y caserío El Coyolito, y el segundo conformado por una asociación que cuenta con 7 cooperativas afiliadas ubicadas en los alrededores del Embalse del Cerrón Grande y tres peceras privadas ubicadas en los municipios de Santa Bárbara y Nueva Concepción; el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario, el cual permitió llevar a cabo el censo de dicho universo. Los resultados obtenidos llevan a una conclusión principal, la cual indica que existe potencial de demanda para los peces tilapia, y de esta se deriva la recomendación que sugiere invertir en este proyecto, debido a que actualmente la demanda de peces tilapia no esta siendo cubierta. De los resultados del diagnóstico se efectuó la propuesta de inversión, que hace referencia a las variables principales de mercado, técnicas, organizacionales, legales, económicas y financieras que demandará y se generará con el proyecto.

Efecto de diferentes grados de temperatura sobre el porcentaje de machos en tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp)

Tesis (Zootecnista). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia, 2013

Estudio de factibilidad técnico-económica para el cultivo de peces tilapia roja en jaulas flotantes del Centro de desarrollo de la pesca y la aculcultura (CENDEPESCA), del ramo de agricultura y ganadería aplicable en lago de Ilopango.

Este documento de factibilidad diseñado para el Centro de Desarrollo de la Pesca y la Acuicultura (CENDEPESCA), cuyo propósito principal fue preparar un estudio de factibilidad técnico-económica para implementar el cultivo de peces tilapia roja en jaulas flotantes a la Institución antes mencionada, el cual incluye en la metodología métodos tales como el analítico, sintético, deductivo e inductivo para realizar un adecuado diagnóstico de la situación problemática actual. También en esta parte se estableció un tipo de investigación descriptiva utilizada para obtener un panorama más preciso de la magnitud del problema, las fuentes de información primarias para recopilar la información en forma directa a través de las técnicas como la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación directa y las fuentes secundarias como el marco de referencia teórico en el que se fundamenta la investigación entre los que se incluyen libros, revistas, informes, periódicos, sitios Web, entre otras, las técnicas de investigación fueron la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación; en la población objeto de análisis se dividió en dos universos: el primero constituido por los consumidores de 29 negocios que incluye a restaurantes, merenderos y comerciantes de productos pesqueros de los mercados municipales, localizados en los municipios de Ilopango, Soyapango y San Martín, y el segundo universo conformado por 14 propietarios de proyectos piscícolas ubicados en los alrededores del lago de Ilopango; el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario, el cual permitió llevar a cabo el censo de dichos universos. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el diagnóstico conllevan a una conclusión principal, la cual indica que existe un potencial de demanda para los peces tilapia roja, ya que así se confirmo mediante la investigación realizada, el cual se puede utilizar como mercado objetivo del proyecto, de esta se deriva la principal recomendación en donde se sugiere invertir en este tipo de proyecto, debido a que si existe demanda insatisfecha para los peces tilapia roja. De los resultados del diagnóstico se efectuó la propuesta de inversión, que hace referencia a las variables principales de mercado, técnicas, organizacionales, legales, económicas y financieras que demandará y generará el proyecto.

Development of Nevirapine resistance in children exposed to the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission programme in Maputo, Mozambique

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

La formation de l'économie coloniale au Mozambique : histoire et civilisation

Memoire de D.E.A. Histoire et Civilisations

7-pentoxyresorufin-o-depentilase and 7-Benzyloxyresorufin-o-debenzylase as potential biomarkers of exposure to 17B-estradiol in nile tilapia.

2009

Aplicación de las Normas internacionales de contabilidad e identificación de los centros de costos en los agronegocios dedicados al cultivo de la tilapia.

El sector agrícola ha sufrido un estancamiento en los últimos años, el cual ha sido significativo en el desempeño de la economía en El Salvador, con la entrada en vigencia del Tratado de Libre Comercio que permitirá la exportación de productos no tradicionales aportando ingresos de divisas y el apoyo que el gobierno ofrece a través de la Dirección General de Agronegocios (DGA) para fortalecer y reactivar el agro, se espera un crecimiento representativo. Debido a los constantes cambios ocurridos en el país, ha sido necesario que los medianos y pequeños empresarios formen alianzas estratégicas permitiendo la obtención de beneficios tales como disminución de costos en los insumos y mayor probabilidad de financiamiento otorgados por instituciones crediticias el cual es utilizado para la inversión en infraestructura y equipamiento, la obtención de asesoría y capacitación por parte de entes de apoyo. El cultivo de tilapia se ha ido incrementando con muchas perspectivas por ser un rubro rentable y competitivo en los agronegocios, su reproducción no representa mayores problemas, teniendo varias generaciones durante el año sin necesidad de habilidades especiales y tecnologías muy avanzadas. El método utilizado para el desarrollo del trabajo fue el hipotético deductivo, ya que este permitió relacionar la investigación bibliográfica y la de campo. Dichas investigaciones se realizaron en ocho agronegocios que fueron seleccionados del total que se encuentra inscrito en la DGA, se encuestó y entrevistó a los encargados de la contabilidad, que representan el cien por ciento de la muestra en estudio. Al tabular y analizar los datos obtenidos de las encuestas y reforzándolas con las entrevistas se determinó mediante el diagnóstico que en la mayoría de los agronegocios en estudio no identifican los diferentes centros de costos, así como aún no han aplicado las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad que les proporcione estados financieros más confiables, al personal entrevistado se les preguntó si era necesario una herramienta o documento que les sirviera de guía para identificar los centros de costos y les de las directrices básicas para asociar las NIC´s, con el fin de cooperar a la formulación de los estados financieros Por lo anterior, como aporte social del grupo se elaboró una propuesta que coopere a revelar una descripción narrativa o cuantitativa, distinguiendo los diferentes tipos de peces que cultivan con el fin de llevar un control y conocer todas las operaciones de cada uno de ellos, es decir que los estados financieros y registros contables detallaran todos los procesos, utilizando una segregación de cuentas que permitiera visualizar y entender el tratamiento contable que se le da, en relación a la actividad de la piscicultura. Los registros contables de las operaciones que realizan los agronegocios en relación a la piscicultura no son los más adecuados, debido a la falta de aplicación de la clasificación o nomenclatura contable establecida en las normas, las cuales especifican el tratamiento a seguir para las diferentes actividades.