O papel das palavras estáveis na construção da língua escrita

A questão central que orientou esta investigação consistiu em averiguar se as palavras estáveis (palavras de base, que servem de consulta para as crianças) podem subsidiar a construção da língua escrita para alunos em processo de alfabetização. Esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, teve como ponto norteador o uso destas palavras na construção da língua escrita como referência (ou não), para o aluno, no confronto de suas ideias com a realidade da escrita convencional, procurando saber se há encaminhamentos metodológicos que podem ser utilizados em contexto escolar para garantir a efectiva aprendizagem, tendo-as como suporte. O referencial teórico esteve alicerçado em leituras aprofundadas sobre a temática em voga, abordando aspectos que tratam de questões como aprendizagem e ensino, leitura e o processo cognitivo, planificações das acções didácticas e avaliação como prática. Para tal, no processo metodológico desta pesquisa obtivemos como universo um grupo de alunos de uma escola da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Seguem, portanto, as análises realizadas a partir de dados colectados em observação, entrevistas e produções escritas destes alunos as quais foram colectadas e a elas relacionados aspectos da literatura com este contexto educacional.

Alimentación del recién nacido en el periodo de posparto inmediato

OBJETIVO: Describir la modalidad de alimentación de los recién nacidos en instituciones públicas y privadas; y estudiar su relación con prácticas sanitarias de atención del parto y el puerperio y con caraterísticas sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 347 binomios madre - hijo representativos de los nacimientos en maternidades públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Las madres fueron entrevistadas entre las 24 y 48h posteriores al parto. Mediante análisis de regresión logística se estudió la asociación de las prácticas sanitarias con la modalidad de alimentación en la institución, controlando el efecto de factores sociodemográficos y perinatales, en instituciones públicas y privadas. Se realizó análisis de regresión logistica expressada en "odds ratio", con intervalo de confianza de un 95%. RESULTADOS: Recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva el 60,4% de los nacidos en instituciones públicas y el 2,9% de los nacidos en instituciones privadas. El riesgo de no tener lactancia materna completa en las instituciones públicas durante el postparto inmediato fue significativamente mayor cuando los niños recibieron un primer alimento diferente de leche materna [odds ratio (OR):149; Intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 16,7-1332)], el primer contacto se retrasó más de 45 minutos (OR:4,43; IC 95%: 1,02-19,20) y la intención de la madre fue amamantar menos de 6 meses (OR:5,80; IC95%: 1,32-25,52); y, en las privadas, cuando los niños recibieron un primer alimento diferente de leche materna (OR:9,88; IC 95%: 1,07-91,15). CONCLUSIONES: La atención del parto y el puerperio no es acorde a las recomendaciones actuales e influye en la modalidad de alimentación del recién nacido independientemente de otros factores estudiados.

Comunidade fitoplanctônica de um pesqueiro na cidade de São Paulo

OBJETIVO: A avaliação da qualidade da água e da comunidade fitoplanctônica em ambientes destinados à recreação permite estabelecer formas de manejo desses sistemas, evitando possíveis problemas à saúde humana. Assim, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de analisar a variação sazonal do fitoplâncton de um sistema lacustre natural, e sua relação com a qualidade da água. MÉTODOS: O lago estudado faz parte de um pesqueiro localizado na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. Foram realizadas quatro coletas no período de um ano, em três pontos de amostragem. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição florística e às variáveis físicas e químicas da água. RESULTADOS: A análise qualitativa do fitoplâncton revelou o total de 91 táxons distribuídos em oito classes: Chlorophyceae (52%), Cyanophyceae (16%), Euglenophyceae (12%), Zygnemaphyceae (10%), Bacillariophyceae (5%), Xantophyceae (3%), Dinophyceae (1%) e Chrysophyceae (1%). Alguns dos parâmetros físicos e químicos parecem ter influenciado o comportamento do fitoplâncton; a classe Chlorophyceae foi a mais favorecida pelas condições ambientais. Dentre as espécies de cianofíceas identificadas, destacaram-se Microcystis paniformis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e espécies de Anabaena, que apresentaram maior importância do ponto de vista sanitário devido à produção de toxinas. CONCLUSÕES: Algumas variáveis físicas e químicas da água interferiram na estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica. A presença de Microcystis paniformis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e espécies de Anabaena indicam o potencial tóxico e os possíveis problemas que podem ocorrer à saúde pública, caso esse ambiente não seja continuamente monitorado. Estudos adicionais são recomendados, com a finalidade de se evitar efeitos deletérios ao ambiente e à saúde da população.

Water quality issues in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries: an approach to the problems and the methodologies

Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. But only 3% of the Earth's water is fresh water, and less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the atmosphere. However, rivers and lakes are an important part of fresh surface water, amounting to about 89%. In this Master Thesis dissertation, the focus is on three types of water bodies – rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and their water quality issues in Asian countries. The surface water quality in a region is largely determined both by the natural processes such as climate or geographic conditions, and the anthropogenic influences such as industrial and agricultural activities or land use conversion. The quality of the water can be affected by pollutants discharge from a specific point through a sewer pipe and also by extensive drainage from agriculture/urban areas and within basin. Hence, water pollutant sources can be divided into two categories: Point source pollution and Non-point source (NPS) pollution. Seasonal variations in precipitation and surface run-off have a strong effect on river discharge and the concentration of pollutants in water bodies. For example, in the rainy season, heavy and persistent rain wash off the ground, the runoff flow increases and may contain various kinds of pollutants and, eventually, enters the water bodies. In some cases, especially in confined water bodies, the quality may be positive related with rainfall in the wet season, because this confined type of fresh water systems allows high dilution of pollutants, decreasing their possible impacts. During the dry season, the quality of water is largely related to industrialization and urbanization pollution. The aim of this study is to identify the most common water quality problems in Asian countries and to enumerate and analyze the methodologies used for assessment of water quality conditions of both rivers and confined water bodies (lakes and reservoirs). Based on the evaluation of a sample of 57 papers, dated between 2000 and 2012, it was found that over the past decade, the water quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in developing countries is being degraded. Water pollution and destruction of aquatic ecosystems have caused massive damage to the functions and integrity of water resources. The most widespread NPS in Asian countries and those which have the greatest spatial impacts are urban runoff and agriculture. Locally, mine waste runoff and rice paddy are serious NPS problems. The most relevant point pollution sources are the effluents from factories, sewage treatment plant, and public or household facilities. It was found that the most used methodology was unquestionably the monitoring activity, used in 49 of analyzed studies, accounting for 86%. Sometimes, data from historical databases were used as well. It can be seen that taking samples from the water body and then carry on laboratory work (chemical analyses) is important because it can give an understanding of the water quality. 6 papers (11%) used a method that combined monitoring data and modeling. 6 papers (11%) just applied a model to estimate the quality of water. Modeling is a useful resource when there is limited budget since some models are of free download and use. In particular, several of used models come from the U.S.A, but they have their own purposes and features, meaning that a careful application of the models to other countries and a critical discussion of the results are crucial. 5 papers (9%) focus on a method combining monitoring data and statistical analysis. When there is a huge data matrix, the researchers need an efficient way of interpretation of the information which is provided by statistics. 3 papers (5%) used a method combining monitoring data, statistical analysis and modeling. These different methods are all valuable to evaluate the water quality. It was also found that the evaluation of water quality was made as well by using other types of sampling different than water itself, and they also provide useful information to understand the condition of the water body. These additional monitoring activities are: Air sampling, sediment sampling, phytoplankton sampling and aquatic animal tissues sampling. Despite considerable progress in developing and applying control regulations to point and NPS pollution, the pollution status of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in Asian countries is not improving. In fact, this reflects the slow pace of investment in new infrastructure for pollution control and growing population pressures. Water laws or regulations and public involvement in enforcement can play a constructive and indispensable role in environmental protection. In the near future, in order to protect water from further contamination, rapid action is highly needed to control the various kinds of effluents in one region. Environmental remediation and treatment of industrial effluent and municipal wastewaters is essential. It is also important to prevent the direct input of agricultural and mine site runoff. Finally, stricter environmental regulation for water quality is required to support protection and management strategies. It would have been possible to get further information based in the 57 sample of papers. For instance, it would have been interesting to compare the level of concentrations of some pollutants in the diferente Asian countries. However the limit of three months duration for this study prevented further work to take place. In spite of this, the study objectives were achieved: the work provided an overview of the most relevant water quality problems in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries, and also listed and analyzed the most common methodologies.

Coordenação e fiscalização de obras na empresa Landway, S.A.

Relatório de Estágio para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia na Área de Especialização em Edificações

Water quality in lakes and reservoirs in China

Dissertation elaborated for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master Degree in Civil Engineering in the Speciality Area of Hydarulics

Estudo do estado trófico da lagoa da Malagueira (Évora) e proposta de reabilitação

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia do Ambiente

Leishmaniose cutânea na Amazônia: isolamento de Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni do roedor Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), no estado do Pará, Brasil

Fez-se o registro, pela primeira vez, do isolamento de Leishmania (V.) lainsoni de um mamífero silvestre, o roedor Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), no Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras do parasita foram isoladas da pele, aparentemente íntegra, de 3 espécimes desse roedor, capturados no município de Tucuruí (ilha de Tocantins), em área que seria inundada pela formação do lago da hidrelétrica construída naquele município. Nenhum isolamento foi obtido de vísceras de qualquer dos animais. A identificação das amostras de L. (V.) lainsoni baseou-se na morfologia de amastigotas e promastigotas, no comportamento da infecção em "hamsters", na análise bioquímica de isoenzimas e, ainda, através de testes com anticorpos monoclonais. A natureza inaparente da infecção nos animais faz supor que o mamífero em questão possa representar um hospedeiro definitivo do parasita na região Amazônica.

Outbreak of Tinea capitis by Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis in Niterói, RJ, Brazil

18 girls from an orphanage (Orfanato Santo Antônio) in Niterói presented tinea capitis due to Trichophyton tonsurans (15 cases - 83.3%) and Microsporum canis (3 cases - 26.7%). Comments are made about clinical, mycological and therapeutic aspects of this microepidemy

Malaria serology: performance of six Plasmodium falciparum antigen extracts and of three ways of determining serum titers in IgG and IgM-ELISA

The study evaluated six Plasmodium falciparum antigen extracts to be used in the IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), for malaria diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Results obtained with eighteen positive and nine negative control sera indicated that there were statistically significant differences among these antigen extracts (Multifactor ANOVA, p< 0.0001). Urea, sodium deoxycholate and Zwittergent antigen extracts performed better than did the three others, their features being very similar for the detection of IgG antibodies. Urea, alkaline and sodium deoxycholate antigen extracts proved to be better than the others for the detection of IgM antibodies. A straight line relationship was found between the optical densities (or their respective log 10) and the log 10 of antibody dilutions, with a very constant slope. Thus serum titers could be determined by direct titration and by two different equations, needing only one serum dilution. For IgM antibody detections, log 10 expression gave results that better correlated with direct titration (95% Bonferroni). For IgG antibody detections, the titer differences were not significant. The reproducibility of antibody titers and antigen batches was also evaluated, giving satisfactory results.

Panos sem fundo (coordenadas para uma estética teatral deleuziana)

Dissertação de Mestrado em Filosofia Estética

Testemunhos funerários da Ilha de Marajó no Museu Dr. Santos Rocha e no Museu Nacional de Etnologia. Interpretação arqueológica

Dissertação de Mestrado em Arqueologia

EXCEPÇÃO E PODER EM SCHMITT, FOUCAULT E AGAMBEN

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Filosofia Política

On the possibility of autochthonous Chagas disease in Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, 2000-2001

Chagas disease has been almost entirely eradicated from the arid zones in Central and Northeastern Brazil where rare or no autochthonous cases have been reported. However, in the last 10 years the disease has increasingly been registered in the Amazon Region. Aiming to investigate the possibility of the occurrence of autochthonous cycle of Chagas disease in Roraima, triatomine collections, vectorial susceptibility studies (this one to be shown elsewhere), parasitological and serological analyses were conducted in three agricultural settlement areas (Rorainópolis, Passarão Project and Ilha Community). Blood-donor candidates were also investigated. This is the first epidemiological survey on Chagas disease conducted in agricultural settlements in Roraima. Triatomine species found were Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius robustus and Panstrongylus geniculatus. Trypanosoma cruzi detection analyses included xenodiagnosis, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemaglutination, ELISA and kinetoplast PCR amplification. Natural triatomine infection was not found in intestinal contents. Twenty-five adult settlers (1.4% out of 1821, all > 15 year-old, 20 migrants) presented anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Two migrant settlers (from Minas Gerais and Maranhão) tested positive for more than two serological tests, besides either being positive for xenodiagnosis or PCR. Results show that Chagas disease is not endemic in the areas studied. However, all elements of the transmission cycle are present, demanding for an adequate and continuous vigilance.