996 resultados para LT-SEM


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玉米幼苗经外源脱落酸(ABA)处理后,其生长与光合作用,如株高、干物质积累、净光合速率(Pn)、光合作用的量子效率(фC02)和羧化效率(CE),以及光系统II (PSII)实际光化学效率(фPSII)等受到抑制,且该抑制程度与处理ABA的浓度呈相关性。PSII最大光化学活性(Fv/Fm)变化表明,以10和25μmol L-I ABA处理玉米幼苗7天,可明显提高其抗光抑制能力,而50μmol L-1ABA处理的玉米幼苗在相同条件下的抗光抑制能力下降。进一步以25μmol L-lABA处理玉米幼苗来研究,结果表明ABA处理可减缓强光下玉米叶片Pn、CE、фPS II和叶片吸收光能光化学猝灭(qP)的下降,同时增强叶片吸收光能的非光化学猝灭(NPQ)。另外,叶绿素荧光非光化学猝灭的中间组分(qm)增强,光抑制后Fv/Fm的恢复能力提高,这表明ABA处理高提高了强光下玉米幼苗的光系统状态转换能力和Psn循环修复作用。除此之外,ABA处理后玉米幼苗的叶黄素循环类色素,如紫黄质(V)、环氧玉米黄质(A)和玉米黄质(Z)的含量增加,叶黄素循环库(V+A+Z)增大,说明依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散在ABA处理玉米幼苗中得到加强。另外,ABA处理幼苗在强光下保持较高фPsII/Pn活性,以及叶片抗氧化酶活性提高,如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR),抗氧化物含量增加,如抗坏血酸(AsA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHAsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSH),这说明ABA诱导Mehler-peroxidase反应的增强在提高玉米幼苗抗光抑制能力中也发挥重要作用。 玉米叶片光系统I和光系统II在相同强度(300μmolm-2 S-l)的红光(655nm)和远红光(700-770 nm)共同照射下,光系统I(PSI)和光系统II(PSII)吸收光能基本平衡,叶片光合作用处于状态1,此时Psn保持较高的光适应下最大荧光( Fml)。关闭远红光,使叶片只处在红光照射下,则会引起光下PSII最大荧光( Frri2)的降低。关闭远红光约20nun后,光下下降的Psn最大荧光基本达到稳定,叶片光合作用处于状态2。这种在状态l向状态2的转换过程中所发生的PSII最大荧光下降不受DTT(叶黄素循环抑制剂)的影响,且整个过程中PsII最大光化学效率( Fv/Fm)保持不变,而光下PSII初始荧光(F0')在前20min内迅速降低。另外,在PSII吸收的红光照射下,玉米叶片吸收光向PSII分配的量(B)不断减少,与此同时,吸收光能向PSI分配的量(a)不断增多。ABA预处理玉米幼苗7天,可进一步加强红光下PSII最大荧光(Fm2)的降低,使荧光参数Fm1/Fm2—1增大,而使β/α-1降低。另外,ABA处理较对照幼苗在红光下呈现更高的荧光非光化学猝灭中间组分(qm)。在引入叶绿体蛋白激酶抑制剂NEM的情况下,ABA处理与对照玉米叶片在红光下所表现的qm差异则消失。从状态1向状态2的转换过程中,ABA处理引起玉米叶片77K低温荧光F684/F732的下降幅度显著加大。以上结果说明ABA处理可提高玉米幼苗光合作用的状态转换能力。 用的25μmol L-l ABA对玉米幼苗进行长时间(根系浇灌7天,LT)和短时间(实验前一天晚上叶面喷施1次,ST)处理,研究叶片C02同化、PsII化学活性,以及叶黄素循环的变化。结果表明在非光抑制状态下,LT与ST对玉米叶片光化学活性( Fv/Fm)及叶片羧化效率(CE)没有明显影响,但二者都引起叶片净光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs)下降。LT处理增大玉米叶片叶黄素循环库,而ST处理对该库大小没有影响。1500μmol m-2 s-1强光可明显引起玉米幼苗叶片Fv/Fm降低,但与对照幼苗相比,LT处理能显著减缓Fv/Fm降低。经60min强光照射后,ST与对照在Fv/Fm、фPS II、Pn和CE等参数上没有明显差异,但这些参数在LT处理的玉米幼苗中仍保持较高水平。LT处理幼苗叶黄素循环类色素含量及非光化学荧光猝灭(NPQ)都显著高于对照,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量比对照低。而ST处理与对照在叶黄素循环类色素含量、NPQ和MDA含量等方面没有明显差异。以上结果说明ST处理对玉米幼苗光抑制没有明显影响,而LT处理可增强玉米幼苗抗光抑制能力,这可能与ABA处理使玉米幼苗在强光下维持较高的C02同化作用,以及其诱导叶片叶黄素循环增大有关。

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We present an overview of the single-transistor memory cells (lT-DRAMs), which are based on floating-body effects in SOI MOSFETs. The typical device architectures, principles of operation and key mechanisms for programming are described. The various approaches (Z-RAM, MSDRAM, etc) are compared in terms of performance and potential for aggressive scaling. ©The Electrochemical Society.

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Objective: To investigate the association of complement C4 null genes (C4QO, including C4AQO and C4BQO) and C2 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in southwest Han Chinese; 136 patients with SLE and 174 matched controls were genotyped. Methods: C4 null genes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The 2 bp insertion in exon 29, which was previously identified in non-Chinese populations and caused defective C4A genes, was directly typed by sequencing the whole exon 29 using exon specific primers. The exon 6 of complement C2 was also sequenced in both the patients and controls. Results: The frequency of homozygous C4AQO allele was 12.5% (17/136) in patients with SLE compared with 1.1% (2/174) in controls (p<0.001, odds ratio (OR)=12.286, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.786 to 54.170). There was no significant difference for homozygous C4BQO allele between patients with SLE and controls (p=0.699). Patients with the C4AQO gene had an increased risk of acquiring renal disorder, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies compared with those without C4AQO (for renal disorder, p=0.018, OR=8.951, 95% Cl 1.132 to 70.804; for serositis, p=0.011, OR 4.891, 95% CI 1.574 to 15.198; for anti-dsDNA, p=0.004, OR 7.630, 95%Cl 1.636 to 35.584). None of the patients or controls had the 2 bp insertion in exon 29 of the C4 gene. The type I C2 deficiency was not detected in the 3 10 samples. Conclusion: It is suggested that deficiency of C4A (not due to a 2 bp insertion in exon 29), but not C4B or C2, may be a risk factor for acquiring SLE in south west Han Chinese; this results in increased risk of renal disorder, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies in patients with SLE. Racial differences seem to be relevant in susceptibility to SLE.

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The cryoprotective effects of 11 different extenders, TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, TCG, TEST, TSM, Test-M, Test-H, and LM, on sperm cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) have been compared with glycerol as cryoprotectant. Sperm motility, plasma membrane, and acrosomal integrity were examined to evaluate frozen-thawed sperm function. The results showed that TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG exhibited the best and similar protective efficiencies for cynomolgus monkey sperm cryopreservation in terms of sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity (P > .05). The acrosomal integrity for spermatozoa cryopreserved in TCG was statistically lower than that of TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, and G-DM (P < .05) but was significantly higher than that of TEST, TSM, Test-M, Test-H, and LM (P < .05). The postthaw sperm motility for 5 other extenders (TEST, TSM, Test-M, Test-H, and LIVI) did not exceed 30%, and the 3 sperm parameters evaluated for them were significantly lower than that of TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG (P < .05). On the basis of these findings, 5 commonly used permeating cryoprotectants, glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide and propylene glycol have further been tested for their effectiveness on sperm cryopreservation in extenders of TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG. The results showed that the sperm cryoprotective efficiencies of glycerol and ethylene glycol were similar and best among 5 permeating cryoprotectant treatments (P > .05). Dimethyl sulfoxide or acetamide resulted in average cryoprotection for cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa: poorer than glycerol or ethylene glycol but better than that of propylene glycol (P < .05). In addition, the action of permeating cryoprotectant appeared to be independent of extenders. The results in the present study demonstrate that 1) TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG are excellent extenders and suitable for cynomolgus monkey sperm cryopreservation; 2) the mechanism of action of permeating cryoprotectants are not affected by extender composition; 3) ethylene glycol has a similar cryoprotective efficacy to glycerol that makes it a successful cryoprotectant for sperm cryopreservation in cynomolgus monkeys.

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目的研究异丙酚对大鼠海马CA1区神经元兴奋性突触后电流(EPSC)和自发性兴奋性突触后电流(sEPSC)的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠断头后分离海马脑组织,制成400μm厚度的海马脑片,脑片随机分为5组(n=10)。脂肪乳剂Ⅰ组、异丙酚Ⅰ组、SR95531+异丙酚组:记录EPSC 10 min (基础值)后分别加入10%脂肪乳剂90μl、1%异丙酚90μl(相当于100μmol/L)、10μmol/L SR95531+100 μmol/L异丙酚,继续记录EPSC 40 min,分析EPSC幅值的变化。脂肪乳剂Ⅱ组、异丙酚Ⅱ组:细胞破膜后稳定10-15 min,分别加入10%脂肪乳剂90μl和1%异丙酚90μl,记录sEPSC 40 min,分析sEPSC频率、幅值和半衰期的变化。膜钳制电压均为-70 mV。结果与基础值比较,给药后脂肪乳剂Ⅰ组和 SR95531+异丙酚组EPSC幅值差异无统计学意义,异丙酚Ⅰ组EPSC幅值降低;给药后异丙酚Ⅰ组 EPSC幅值比脂肪乳剂Ⅰ组降低(P<0.05)。与脂肪乳剂Ⅱ组比较,异丙酚Ⅱ组sEPSC的频率、幅值降低、半衰期缩短(P<0.05)。结论异丙酚主要通过增强大鼠海马CA...

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 目的 探讨Lentivirus介导分泌神经营养因子- 3 (NT - 3)直接体内转基因治疗大鼠脊髓损伤作用和机制。 方法 将28只Wistar大鼠在T10水平制成半横断损伤模型,随机分为体内转基因治疗组和损伤对照组,每组14只;用携带NT - 3和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的Lentivirus对大鼠行直接体内转基因治疗;荧光显微镜观察体内转基因表达,后肢运动功能评分法(BBB评分) 检测大鼠后肢功能恢复情况。 结果 用荧光显微镜检测到损伤脊髓内有较多的持续表达转基因的细胞; BBB评分结果显示,从伤后第4周开始,实验组大鼠后肢功能较对照组明显恢复( P < 0. 01) ,至第10周时,实验组和对照组BBB分差增大,达3. 3分。 结论 Lentivirus是一种有效的转基因载体,由Lentivirus介导分泌NT - 3的直接体内转基因治疗能够明显促进损伤脊髓的功能恢复。

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通过室内模拟实验,研究了好氧条件下MCLR在太湖沉积物-水体系中的生物降解过程,着重探讨了外加碳源、不同形态的氮源和磷源对该过程的影响。结果表明,好氧条件下沉积物中MCLR经过8 d明显的迟滞期,于第16 d降解到检测限以下,说明太湖沉积物中的土著微生物具有降解MCLR的能力。外加氨氮、硝氮和碳源对MCLR的降解速率均没有显著影响(P≥0.05),而外加溶解性磷源可显著促进MCLR的降解(P<0.01),说明在天然水体沉积物中,磷可能是MCLR好氧降解过程的限制性营养元素。这一结果对于正确评价水体中MC的

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为了阐明三峡水库初次蓄水后干流库区枝角类的时空分布规律,2004年4月至2005年1月,在600余公里干流库区设置10个样点,定性和定量采集枝角类标本。本次调查共采到9种枝角类,其中春季8种,夏季5种,秋季2种,冬季3种。枝角类种类组成的空间分布差异明显,河流状态的江段有4种,水库状态的江段有7种,水库状态的江段距大坝越近,枝角类种类越丰富。枝角类的密度和生物量的空间分布和季节变化规律一致,季节间差异极显著(P<0.01),春季最高,夏季次之,秋季和冬季较低;空间分布上表现为在干流库区的纵向分布上差异极显

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<正>到目前为止,确实缺乏杀灭锚头鳋成虫的药物。但不管是鲤锚头鳋(Lernaea cyprinacea)还是草鱼锚头鳋(Lernaea ctenopharyngondontis),它们的防治方法应该是类似的,而且与寄生在鲢、鳙鱼身上的多态锚

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<正>异育银鲫"中科3号"是中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室桂建芳研究员等在国家973计划、国家科技支撑计划等项目和国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系的支持下培育出来的异育银鲫新品种。它是在鉴定出可区分银鲫不同克隆系的分

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目的本研究以模式动物斑马鱼为研究对象,通过研究超重下鱼体的早期发育和耳石变化,探讨了脊椎动物前庭系统对超重环境的适应机制。方法斑马鱼受精卵在受精后10h分别置于1G和5G重力环境中,观察鱼体发育状态和耳石的形态;使用Zeiss软件比较1G和5G下耳石大小;使用EDAX检测耳石微化学成分含量变化。结果1)斑马鱼从鱼卵向早期仔鱼发育过程中超重环境影响仔鱼发育,耳石形态在初期显著变大(P<0.01),其后耳石变小;2)EDAX检测表明,耳石中S和Sr含量升高,Na和Ca的含量减少;3)出现矢耳石与微耳石融合的现

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2004年9月—2007年6月,对古夫河受大型水电站影响的GF04样点及高岚河的参照样点GL03进行逐月采样,研究了大型水电站对古夫河底栖藻类的影响.结果表明:研究期间,两样点主要理化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);两样点水动力学差异显著(P<0.05),研究期间GL03样点基本处于缓流状态,其季节变化显著(P<0.05),而GF04样点由于受水库放水影响,采样期间60%以上时间处于急流状态,没有明显的季节节律,说明水动力学及生境的变化是影响研究区底栖藻类群落的重要因素;群落相似性以及非着生型硅藻、直立

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参照水体中浮游植物叶绿素a的萃取测定方法,运用丙酮、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DM-SO)4种有机溶剂对不同土质不同发育阶段自然和人工生物结皮中叶绿素a的萃取效率进行了比较研究。结果发现,不同有机溶剂从生物结皮中萃取叶绿素a的效率存在极显著差异(P<0.001),而乙醇法的离散度最低;取样量对萃取效率总体上没有显著影响(P>0.05),但在具体的测定中与萃取效率之间存在负相关。4种方法中,DMSO法对藻类占优势的结皮萃取率最高,DMF法对自然结皮的萃取率仅次于DMSO法,在人工结皮中最低;