Monodic temporal resolution

Until recently, First-Order Temporal Logic (FOTL) has been only partially understood. While it is well known that the full logic has no finite axiomatisation, a more detailed analysis of fragments of the logic was not previously available. However, a breakthrough by Hodkinson et al., identifying a finitely axiomatisable fragment, termed the monodic fragment, has led to improved understanding of FOTL. Yet, in order to utilise these theoretical advances, it is important to have appropriate proof techniques for this monodic fragment.In this paper, we modify and extend the clausal temporal resolution technique, originally developed for propositional temporal logics, to enable its use in such monodic fragments. We develop a specific normal form for monodic formulae in FOTL, and provide a complete resolution calculus for formulae in this form. Not only is this clausal resolution technique useful as a practical proof technique for certain monodic classes, but the use of this approach provides us with increased understanding of the monodic fragment. In particular, we here show how several features of monodic FOTL can be established as corollaries of the completeness result for the clausal temporal resolution method. These include definitions of new decidable monodic classes, simplification of existing monodic classes by reductions, and completeness of clausal temporal resolution in the case of monodic logics with expanding domains, a case with much significance in both theory and practice.

Mechanising first-order temporal resolution

First-order temporal logic is a concise and powerful notation, with many potential applications in both Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. While the full logic is highly complex, recent work on monodic first-order temporal logics has identified important enumerable and even decidable fragments. Although a complete and correct resolution-style calculus has already been suggested for this specific fragment, this calculus involves constructions too complex to be of practical value. In this paper, we develop a machine-oriented clausal resolution method which features radically simplified proof search. We first define a normal form for monodic formulae and then introduce a novel resolution calculus that can be applied to formulae in this normal form. By careful encoding, parts of the calculus can be implemented using classical first-order resolution and can, thus, be efficiently implemented. We prove correctness and completeness results for the calculus and illustrate it on a comprehensive example. An implementation of the method is briefly discussed.

Monodic Temporal Resolution

First-order temporal logic is a coincise and powerful notation, with many potential applications in both Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. While the full logic is highly complex, recent work on monodic first-order temporal logics have identified important enumerable and even decidable fragments. In this paper we present the first resolution-based calculus for monodic first-order temporal logic. Although the main focus of the paper is on establishing completeness result, we also consider implementation issues and define a basic loop-search algorithm that may be used to guide the temporal resolution system.

Handling Equality in Monodic Temporal Resolution

First-order temporal logic is a concise and powerful notation, with many potential applications in both Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. While the full logic is highly complex, recent work on monodic first-order temporal logics has identified important enumerable and even decidable fragments including the guarded fragment with equality. In this paper, we specialise the monodic resolution method to the guarded monodic fragment with equality and first-order temporal logic over expanding domains. We introduce novel resolution calculi that can be applied to formulae in the normal form associated with the clausal resolution method, and state correctness and completeness results.

Towards the Implementation of First-Order Temporal Resolution: the Expanding Domain Case

First-order temporal logic is a concise and powerful notation, with many potential applications in both Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. While the full logic is highly complex, recent work on monodic first-order temporal logics has identified important enumerable and even decidable fragments. In this paper, we develop a clausal resolution method for the monodic fragment of first-order temporal logic over expanding domains. We first define a normal form for monodic formulae and then introduce novel resolution calculi that can be applied to formulae in this normal form. We state correctness and completeness results for the method. We illustrate the method on a comprehensive example. The method is based on classical first-order resolution and can, thus, be efficiently implemented.

A Simplified Clausal Resolution Procedure for Propositional Linear-Time Temporal Logic

The clausal resolution method for propositional linear-time temporal logic is well known and provides the basis for a number of temporal provers. The method is based on an intuitive clausal form, called SNF, comprising three main clause types and a small number of resolution rules. In this paper, we show how the normal form can be radically simplified, and consequently, how a simplified clausal resolutioin method can be defined for this impoprtant variety of logics.

Uso e administração de informações para a tomada de decisões estratégicas pelos executivos brasileiros: um estudo exploratório

Este trabalho nasceu de algumas questões que há tempos me preocupam. A primeira e com a estratégia: com a busca de caminhos para o futuro. A segunda questão é a da discrepância entre a teoria e a prática, alegada por muitos executivos que conheci ao longo da vida acadêmica e empresarial. Cheguei a conclusão que não era a teoria descritiva que divergia da prática. Mas sim que a teoria normativa estava perdendo contato com a teoria descritiva. A terceira questão e a discrepância entre o discurso do executivo (que quase sempre é normativo) e a sua prática real. A quarta questão e a da Educação Continuada para Executivos: o que podemos fazer para ajudar o executivo a crescer e a se desenvolver e, por conseguinte, fazer a empresa crescer e se desenvolver. Esta Tese e, de certa forma, minha busca para responder a essas questões. ! uma tentativa de ''renovatio ab origine": é um retorno ao início criativo de modo a revelar o totalmente novo daquilo que já estava presente no antigo. E que, muitas vezes, por nao revisitarmos, acabamos esquecendo ou perdendo alguns níveis de seu significado.

Uso e administração da informação mercadológica sobre a concorrência: posição atual do estado da arte e tendências

Depois de estabelecido o esqueleto e constituído o corpo de Administração Mercadológica, os estudiosos e praticantes de Marketing estão voltando as suas atenções para o seu sistema circulatório e apoio. A base da Administração de Marketing é a informação. Sem a informação mercadológica adequada não é possível planejar, organizar, dirigir e controlar adequadamente as estratégias de produto, preço, distribuição e promoção. A informação mercadológica é, portanto, também um recurso, sem o qual a empresa não poderá administrar seus outros recursos ou variáveis mercadológicas sob seu controle. Cada vez mais as empresas reconhecem que as operações tanto a curto como a longo prazo não podem ser conduzidas sem informação adequada. Quanto mais cresce o tamanho das empresas, mais ela necessita de um sistema formal de informação.

Estratégias internacionais de organizações híbridas: estudo de caso da Petrobras no âmbito da distribuição

Esta pesquisa investigou estratégias internacionais no âmbito da distribuição da Petrobras. A investigação deu especial atenção a processos e contextos de não-mercado do âmbito de estratégias internacionais desta organização híbrida no setor de distribuição de derivados de petróleo por meio de uma perspectiva crítica que promove a aproximação da literatura de gestão ao contexto das economias emergentes e de debates acerca do capitalismo contemporâneo. Utilizou-se a metodologia de estudo de caso para explorar a experiência da Petrobras no seu estabelecimento no mercado paraguaio, com início no ano de 2006. A pesquisa mostrou que a Petrobras vive uma constante tensão entre seu lado técnico e seu contraponto político. Constatou-se que se trata de uma dimensão central no âmbito das estratégias internacionais da organização. A pesquisa mostrou que falta, em alguns momentos, uma orientação mais clara do governo para a Petrobras no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de ações e estratégias que privilegiem aspectos políticos, geopolíticos, sociais e de desenvolvimento econômico nacional e regional. Corroborou-se a central importância do lado econômico ou de mercado para o lado do não-mercado em contextos que se afastam dos pressupostos do capitalismo gerencial e se aproximam de diferentes versões de capitalismo de estado em escala global. O estudo de caso revelou que o segmento de distribuição, apesar de ser visto como de menor importância pela literatura de gestão, tem sido de central importância no novo framework de estratégia internacional da Petrobras para viabilizar objetivos de legitimação e de territorialização da empresa na América Latina. O sucesso da dimensão econômica da Petrobras no Paraguai, assim como a dimensão de (geo)política, evidencia que é possível a coexistência equilibrada de aspectos estado-mercado-empresa-(geo)política. A pesquisa mostrou que é viável atender às expectativas dos shareholders, mantendo benéfico relacionamento com uma extensa gama de stakeholders. No aspecto geopolítico, o estudo de caso caracterizou que a presença e a gestão local da Petrobras estão alinhadas aos objetivos da política exterior do Brasil para o Paraguai. A manutenção de um ambiente saudável nas fronteiras brasileiras continua sendo um objetivo importante para o Brasil e a atuação da Petrobras no Paraguai tem colaborado para isso, fomentando o desenvolvimento ampliado do país guarani.

Le mal comme transgression dans l'écume des jours ou le récit d'un passage raté au monde adulte

O objetivo deste trabalho é primeiramente demonstrar como os personagens de L’Écume des jours vivem num mundo da primazia da individualidade e do instante presente em oposição ao mundo dos adultos, fundado na preocupação com o dia de amanhã e com os interesses coletivos. Em seguida, tentamos provar que a harmonia desse mundo em que evoluem nossos personagens é rompida pelo casamento do casal Colin/Chloé. E também desvelar em que medida os protagonistas – Colin e Chloé – aderem aos valores do mundo adulto através do casamento. Para tanto, utilizamos sobretudo a base teórica da obra de Georges Bataille: La Littérature et le mal. Nessa obra, o escritor, ensaísta e pensador francês afirma que a literatura, enquanto expressão da individualidade, representa uma transgressão da ordem estabelecida. Assim o que pôde ser equivocadamente considerado como mal, de fato, são apenas manifestações (ou tentativas) de trangressão. Bataille coloca do lado do bem as preocupações coletivas de acumulação de bens e de perpetuação da espécie, fundados na razão e no cálculo. Do outro lado, o do mal, o pensador coloca a criança que representa a fruição do momento presente, o lazer, fundados na paixão. Por outro lado, com a intenção de compreender melhor o tecido narrativo da obra L’Écume des jours, procedemos, antes dessa análise temática, a um estudo da organização da narrativa no qual examinamos pontos como o narrador, o tempo e o espaço, os personagens e a dinâmica da ação.

Marias : biopolítica, vida nua e resiliência

Taking the narrative of life of three women (homeless), Maria José (residente of a psychiatric hospital) and Maria de La Luz Cervantes (fictional character of Gabriel Garcia Marquez, accidentally intern in a psychiatric hospital), the dissertation "Marias: Biopolitics, bare life and their stories" brings Giorgio Agamben's theories referring to Naked Life and Homo Sacer, Michel Foucault's with the biopolitics and resiliences written by Boris Cyrulnik. Its on these three women life stories that the dissertation develops a imaginary concentration camp to work their lives and bodies subjection to the external power, the biopolitic

Narrativas do Brasil nas memórias de Pedro Nava

This thesis is a translation of work of the Brazilian doctor, Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984), in particular, his memoirs and chronicles, articulated with the writings of medicine history, aiming to defend that the autobiographical narratives are sources of research capable of promoting discussions on the expansion of the present at the confluence of complex and unequal society in constant changing process as the Brazilian. The theoretical and methodological support circulates around studies, proposals and thesis by Boaventura Santos about empowering past, destabilizing subjectivity, sociology of absences, cosmopolitan reason and translation work. The empirical support drawn from the literature produced by Nava were analyzed with reference this reasoning and studies that have facilitated the flow of translation among others, the studies of Antonio Candido, Arrigucci Jr., Boris Cyrulnik, Beatriz Sarlo, Ecléa Bosi, Ítalo Calvino, José Willington Germano, José Maria Cançado, Lev Vygotsky, Marilena Chauí, Paul Ricöeur and Walter Benjamim, without neglecting what we consider indispensable to scientific research, the production of relevant knowledge and prudent, in view of a decent life. The initial inflections reflect the subject of the Memoirs and its education/training, to then place the Memoir subject in the literary context, scientific, historical and Brazilian poetic (1972-2010), bringing great interpreters and discussing the rationale used by the Narrator that we defend stand closer to the cosmopolitan, showing the formation of narratives whose presence insert itself beforehand to modernist verve, linked to the discursive array against the literature as domination space, disseminated in Brazil in the early twentieth century. So, it articulate with those in which the concerns adjust the construction of the social formation of Brazil as a national heritage through literary narrative that focuses on a historical principle that becomes the past empowering, allowing his rereading, whose converge to memory, the lifestyles, the plurality of language and Brazilian culture, formed by several people, converging into a design not of culture but multiculturalism in Brazil. The memory issue was addressed in the space-time of experiences of being that narrates, shaped by a destabilizing subjectivity that sought to order the testimony of a time, a history and society, retelling them by creative imagination, almost fictional, to make circulate his knowledge about Brazil attached to his medical knowledge, as well as other subjects in his living group and other groups with whom they maintained contact. Thus, he portrayed both tangible and intangible cultural assets of the country as a form of preservation, giving them meanings and sense. It approaches, therefore, from the perspective of sociology of absences, the expansion of the present and by the logic inherent in his narratives of self and Brazil

Diálogos da Alma: uma outra história da loucura

The tesis intends to awake a new way of looking at madness. It presents as reference the Psychiatric Hospital Doctor João Machado (Natal/RN) and histories of life and narratives of four intern residents. The research in an ethical horizon, intends to give back to the subjects the voices long silented behind the institutions walls by their families and society in general. As well as to open the interpretations of science to receive and to dialogue with other itineraries of thought that, if on one hand does not restitute the explanation of the Real, on the other hand expresses other forms to see the world. Dislocated of the bigger social environment, the people identified as insane, construct their histories endowed with autonomy and displacements in relation to the social rules and structures that characterize our society, as much as in relation to the logical principles of thought that assume an objective and rational reality. As well as a remnants bedspread configured in a complex and unfinished object, the break up of histories of life of the interns, interviews with medical on psychiatrists to the Doctor João Machado Hospital, documents of the institution and depositions of that house, were the raw material to construct, with this tesis, another chapter of the 'history of madness'. In elapsing of the work innumerable voices have been heard. Some that study the phenomenon of madness, others that live this 'state of the being' in the world. We opt to detaching the first of an open conception on the theme through intellectuals as: João da Costa Machado, Ulysses Pernambucano, Nise da Silveira and Boris Cyrulnik. They express ethics compromised to the humanity of the being

Alimento como metáfora, metáfora como alimento : a arte de nutrir uma educação complexa

Cette narrative fait le parcours d une recherche et de ses reflexions ici annoncé comme une odissée gastronomique et une géografie gourmante , dont les elements interpretatifs rendent possible concevoir qu une lecture de la métaphore et de la stéthique alimentaire puissent contribuer pour penser une éducation sensible, complexe, une education guidée par une experimentation esthétique de la condition humaine, qui provoque les sens, qui permettent évoquer et récuperer les connaissances et les savoirs pertinents, et qui confirme l indissociabilité du sujet dans ses plusieurs poles : nature et culture, émotion et raison. Comme contribution epistémologique, la dissertation, cherche étendre la compréhension d études qui abordent le Corp, l Aliment, la Métaphore, l Esthétique et l Éducation, en déclanchant des relations entre les espaces académicien et cotidien, en expérimentant d autres formes de sentir, penser et d être dans le monde. Poussée par une raison gourmande, et comme dans un rituel de préparation d aliment, j opte par les rélations transversales des savoirs ; je construis un dialogue entre les auteurs de domaine de connaissances multiples, comme la Filosophie, l Antropologie, l Étologie et l Éducation, en travaillant une reconstruction de concepts. Pour la tâche de cette odissée gastronomique, je découvre l approche entre un programme, comme méthode, et un livre de recettes culinaires hermétiques. J ai choisi de construir des estratégies métodologiques qui indiquent les chemins sur les quelles l imagination, la créativité et la réinvention, non seulement puissent mais doivent servir comme des épiceries qui emprègne d odeurs, de saveurs et de couleurs la connaissance, sans laisser de côté la rigueur, principe inégociable dans une science ouverte. J ai choisi, pour m accompagner dans cet étude, des sages, des scientistes et des poètes, entre eux je fais remarquer Michel Onfray, Boris Cyrulnik, Merleau-Ponty, Edgar Morin e Conceição Almeida. Avec eux, j ai déssiné des cartes, goûté des géographies, des terres, des ciels. J ai fréquenter des histoires et des personnages concrets et imaginaires; j ai convoqué des souvenirs acumulés pendant l enfance, avec ses trames, ses textures, ses saveurs, ses parfuns, ses couleurs, ses images, ses gestes, ses mots et ses silences, où le corp devient un médiateur d accès à la connaissance. Comme artifice complémentaire pour suivre la route, je parie sur le rapport fondamental entre le corp, l aliment, la métaphore, l esthétique et l Éducation, je m utilise du Cinéma, en cherchant d apprendre dans cet art, une éxistentialité humaine par le rapport entre la vie, l aliment et les personnages. Finalement, je reaffirme l importance de nourir des affections par une formation et une manière de penser capables de conecté des connaissances d univers dinstingués, et qui contribuent pour une conscience de la condition humaine et l apprentissage d une éducation de la vie et pour la vie