Examining life-course influences on chronic disease: the Ribeirão Preto and São Luís birth cohort studies (Brazil)

More than any other low- and middle-income country, Brazil has the longest research tradition of establishing, maintaining and exploiting birth cohort studies. This research pedigree is highlighted in the present issue of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, which contains a series of twelve papers from the Ribeirão Preto and São Luis birth cohort studies from the Southeast and Northeast of Brazil, respectively. The topics covered in this raft of reports vary and include predictors of perinatal health and maternal risk factors, early life determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence, use of health services, and a description of dietary characteristics of young adults, amongst other topics. There is also a guide to the background, objectives, sampling and protocols employed across these studies, which, together with similar pieces published in past issues of the Brazilian Journal, serve as a very useful starting point, particularly for potential collaborators. In the fervent hope that further follow-up of these cohorts will take place - we provide our own justification for cohort maintenance and extension in this issue - future data collection could include: genetic material, atherosclerosis, ascertained, for instance, by intima-media thickness, and IQ testing in children - scores from which are emerging as potentially important predictors of adult health outcomes up to six decades later.

Hirsch's index: a case study conducted at the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo

An analysis of scientific bibliographic productivity using the Hirsch h-index, information from the Institute of Scientific Information database and the Curriculum Lattes (CNPq, Brazil) was performed at the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP) that has four departments in natural, biological and social sciences. Bibliometric evaluations of undergraduate programs showed a better performance of the departments of Chemistry (P < 0.001) and Biology (P < 0.001) when compared to the departments of Physics and Mathematics and Psychology and Education. We also analyzed the scientific output of the six graduate programs of FFCLRP: Psychology, Psychobiology, Chemistry, Physics Applied to Medicine and Biology, Comparative Biology, and Entomology. The graduate program in Psychology presented a lower h-index (P < 0.001) and had fewer papers indexed by the ISI web of science (P < 0.001) when compared to the other graduate programs. The poorer performance of the Psychology program may be associated with the limited coverage by the Thompson Institute of Scientific Information database.

Evaluation of genotype resistance testing for salvage antiretroviral therapy at AIDS care centers from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

The availability of HIV-1 genotype resistance testing (GRT) to clinicians has been insufficiently studied outside randomized clinical trials. The present study evaluated the outcome of salvage antiretroviral therapy (ART) recommended by an expert physician based on GRT in a non-clinical trial setting in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. A prospective, open, nonrandomized study evaluating easy access to GRT at six Brazilian AIDS Clinics was carried out. This cooperative study analyzed the efficacy of treatment recommended to patients whose salvage ART was guided by GRT with that of treatment with ART based only on previous ART history. A total of 112 patients with ART failure were included in the study, and 77 of them were submitted to GRT. The median CD4 cell count and viral load for these 77 patients at baseline were (mean ± SD) 252.1 ± 157.4 cells/µL and 4.60 ± 0.5 log10 HIV RNA copies/mL, respectively. The access time, i.e., the time elapsed between ordering the GRT and receiving the result was, on average, 71.9 ± 37.3 days. The study results demonstrated that access to GRT followed by expert recommendations did not improve the time to persistent treatment failure when compared to conventional salvage ART. Access to GRT in this Brazilian community health care setting did not improve the long-term virologic outcomes of HIV-infected patients experiencing treatment failure. This result is probably related to the long time required to implement ART guided by GRT.

Féculas fermentadas na fabricação de biscoitos: estudo de fontes alternativas

O polvilho azedo tem sido utilizado como matéria-prima para muitos produtos da culinária brasileira, principalmente na fabricação de biscoitos. Visando a investigação de outras fontes além do polvilho azedo comercial para a confecção destes biscoitos, féculas de araruta, batata inglesa, batata-baroa e de mandioca foram extraídas e fermentadas. As féculas fermentadas apresentaram características próximas às do polvilho azedo. Os biscoitos produzidos a partir da fécula fermentada de batata inglesa não se expandiram, e, ficaram muito duros e os biscoitos produzidos a partir das féculas fermentadas de araruta e de batata-baroa, tiveram boa aceitação pelos consumidores, podendo ser usados na fabricação de biscoitos, da mesma forma que a fécula fermentada de mandioca.

Efeito da salinidade na emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de flamboyant

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações salinas na água de irrigação na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de flamboyant (Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.). O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido - UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, com 25 sementes cada. Os tratamentos consistiram das concentrações salinas (0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1), que foram obtidas através da adição de NaCl em água de forma que as soluções fossem calibradas para as condutividades elétricas pré-estabelecidas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, área foliar, altura de plântula, número de folíolos, comprimento de raiz e massa seca da parte aérea. A salinidade interfere negativamente em todas as variáveis avaliadas de forma proporcional ao seu aumento na água de irrigação das plântulas de flamboyant, sendo o maior desenvolvimento das plântulas obtido na dose 0,5 dS m-1.

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1904/09 (SER2,A4,N9).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1902/10 (A2,SER2,N10)-1902/11 (A2,SER2,N11).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1902/05 (A2,SER2,N5).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1902/12 (A2,SER2,N12).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1904/05 (SER2,A4,N5).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1904/06 (SER2,A4,N6).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1904/02 (SER2,A4,N2).

Revue des études psychiques : publication mensuelle consacrée aux recherches expérimentales et critiques sur les phénomènes de télépathie, prémonition, médiumnité / dir. César de Vesme

1902/07 (A2,SER2,N7).