Combined effects of soil biotic and abiotic factors, influenced by sewage sludge incorporation, on the incidence of corn stalk rot.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the combined effects of soil bioticand abiotic factors on the incidence of Fusarium corn stalk rot, during four annual incorporations of two typesofsewagesludge intosoil ina 5-years field assay under tropical conditions and topredict the effectsof these variables on the disease. For each type of sewage sludge, the following treatments were included: control with mineral fertilization recommended for corn; control without fertilization; sewage sludge based on the nitrogen concentration that provided the same amount of nitrogen as in the mineral fertilizer treatment; and sewage sludge that provided two, four and eight times the nitrogen concentration recommended for corn. Increasing dosages of both types of sewage sludge incorporated into soil resulted in increased corn stalk rot incidence, being negatively correlated with corn yield. A global analysis highlighted the effect of the year of the experiment, followed by the sewage sludge dosages. The type of sewage sludge did not affect the disease incidence. Amultiple logistic model using a stepwise procedure was fitted based on the selection of a model that included the three explanatory parameters for disease incidence: electrical conductivity, magnesium and Fusarium population. In the selected model, the probability of higher disease incidence increased with an increase of these three explanatory parameters. When the explanatory parameters were compared, electrical conductivity presented a dominant effect and was the main variable to predict the probability distribution curves of Fusarium corn stalk rot, after sewage sludge application into the soil.

How do medium naturalness and personality traits shape academic achievement and perceived learning? An experimental study of face-to-face and synchronous e-learning

This controlled experiment examined how academic achievement and cognitive, emotional and social aspects of perceived learning are affected by the level of medium naturalness (face-to-face, one-way and two-way videoconferencing) and by learners’ personality traits (extroversion–introversion and emotional stability–neuroticism). The Media Naturalness Theory explains the degree of medium naturalness by comparing its characteristics to face-to-face communication, considered to be the most natural form of communication. A total of 76 participants were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: face-to-face, one-way and two-way videoconferencing. E-learning conditions were conducted through Zoom videoconferencing, which enables natural and spontaneous communication. Findings shed light on the trade-off involved in media naturalness: one-way videoconferencing, the less natural learning condition, enhanced the cognitive aspect of perceived learning but compromised the emotional and social aspects. Regarding the impact of personality, neurotic students tended to enjoy and succeed more in face-to-face learning, whereas emotionally stable students enjoyed and succeeded in all of the learning conditions. Extroverts tended to enjoy more natural learning environments but had lower achievements in these conditions. In accordance with the ‘poor get richer’ principle, introverts enjoyed environments with a low level of medium naturalness. However, they remained focused and had higher achievements in the face-to-face learning.

Estratégias não medicamentosas para abordagem dos usuários crônicos de ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - revisão de literatura

As alterações nos estilos de vida da população e consequentemente a adequação das pessoas ao dia a dia, propiciaram uma drástica mudança na qualidade de vida das pessoas. Sintomas de depressão e ansiedade passaram a ser comuns nas consultas médicas, assim como o grande uso de antidepressivos e ansiolíticos. Este estudo trata-se de uma Revisão Sistemática que teve como objetivo verificar publicações disponíveis sobre o uso crônico de ansiolíticos e antidepressivos, disponíveis nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, BIREME e SCIENCE DIRECT, sem limite de ano e restrições de publicações, por meio dos seguintes descritores: "benzodiazepínicos"; "antidepressivos"; "abuso e dependência". Fixaram como estratégias propostas para abordagem não medicamentosa dos usuários crônicos de psicofármacos: identificar os recursos disponíveis na comunidade e oferecidos pelo serviço público, divulgar os recursos já disponíveis na comunidade, ampliar a faixa etária dos grupos de ginástica, identificar as habilidades/talentos presentes no território e a partir dai incentivar novas ações que possam interagir as pessoas da comunidade propiciando outra maneira de enfrentar os problemas cotidianos. Conclui-se que persistir no controle mais rigoroso na confecção das receitas controladas, conscientizar o profissional médico sobre a disse ina o edica entosa instruir os pacientes sobre os a e ícios do uso pro on ado desses r acos e procurar novas estrat ias para contro e da ansiedade e tristeza ainda a melhor alternativa para reduzir essa utilização desordenada que atinge a sociedade moderna.