908 resultados para Interferon tipo II


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Both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and angiotensin II (ANG II) induced an increase in total protein degradation in murine myotubes, which was completely attenuated by treatment with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB; 50 microM). There was an increase in formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within 30 min, as well as an increase in the activity of both caspase-3 and -8, and both effects were attenuated by HMB. Moreover, inhibitors of caspase-3 and -8 completely attenuated both ROS formation and total protein degradation induced by TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma and ANG II. There was an increased autophosphorylation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), which was attenuated by the specific caspase-3 and -8 inhibitors. Neither ROS formation or protein degradation occurred in myotubes expressing a catalytically inactive PKR variant, PKRDelta6, in response to TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma, compared with myotubes expressing wild-type PKR, although there was still activation of caspase-3 and -8. HMB also attenuated activation of PKR, suggesting that it was important in protein degradation. Formation of ROS was attenuated by rotenone, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, and SB 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), which also attenuated total protein degradation. Activation of p38 MAPK by PKR provides the link to ROS formation. These results suggest that TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma and ANG II induce muscle protein degradation by a common signaling pathway, which is attenuated by HMB, and that this involves the initial activation of caspase-3 and -8, followed by autophosphorylation and activation of PKR, which then leads to increased ROS formation via activation of p38 MAPK. Increased ROS formation is known to induce protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

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Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater prawn which presents agonistic behavior and heterogeneous growth. It is known that captive conditions can intensify agonism causing injuries and decreased survival, generating a condition of poor welfare. Based on this, we aim to investigate the behavior of M. rosenbergii in the juvenile phase according to different types of shelter and frequencies of feed offer, emphasizing their agonistic behavior. For this, juveniles were observed in the laboratory in three steps. At step I we characterized the behavioral profile; prawns were kept in eight aquariums (27 prawns/m2 ), identified and observed four times along both phases of 24 h light cycle. At step II (2 experiments), we evaluated the use of shelters (brick or polyethylene rolls) and their influence on agonism by the animals. For classification of animals in dominance rank, the method used was David's Score. At step III (3 experiments), we evaluated different frequencies of feed offer on the behavior of individuals, in particular agonism. Results showed that juveniles do not present a pattern activity/inactivity between the phases of the light cycle. We identified a dominance hierarchy among individuals taking advantage of access to food by the dominant, which showed greater weight gain although the frequency of intake did not differ between individuals. The type of shelter influenced the behavior of animals. Brick shelter generated a higher frequency of permanence and a reduction in the frequency of agonistic interactions. The distribution of food more frequently throughout the day, decreased the motivation of animals for food, as well as to fight. Prawns fed four times showed lower frequency of feed intake and agonistic interactions. Thus, we conclude the shelters which reduce animal’s detection by coespecifics and offer the food four times along the day reduce agonistic behavior. This result causes na improvement in life quality of the prawns and also in its quality as final product.

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In the last decades, analogue modelling has been used in geology to improve the knowledge of how geological structures are nucleated, how they grow and what are the main important points in such processes. The use of this tool in the oil industry, to help seismic interpretations and mainly to search for structural traps contributed to disseminate the use of this tool in the literature. Nowadays, physical modelling has a large field of applications, since landslide to granite emplacement along shear zones. In this work, we deal with physical modelling to study the influence of mechanical stratifications in the nucleation and development of faults and fractures in a context of orthogonal and conjugated oblique basins. To simulate a mechanical stratigraphy we used different materials, with distinct physical proprieties, such as gypsum powder, glass beads, dry clay and quartz sand. Some experiments were run along with a PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), an instrument that shows the movement of the particles to each deformation moment. Two series of experiments were studied: i) Series MO: We tested the development of normal faults in a context of an orthogonal (to the extension direction) basin. Experiments were run taking into account the change of materials and strata thickness. Some experiments were done with sintectonic sedimentation. We registered differences in the nucleation and growth of faults in layers with different rheological behavior. The gypsum powder layer behaves in a more competent mode, which generates a great number of high angle fractures. These fractures evolve to faults that exhibit a higher dip than when they cross less competent layers, like the one of quartz sand. This competent layer exhibits faulted blocks arranged in a typical domino-style. Cataclastic breccias developed along the faults affecting the competent layers and showed different evolutional history, depending on the deforming stratigraphic sequence; ii) Series MOS2: Normal faults were analyzed in conjugated sub-basins (oblique to the extension direction) developed in a sequence with and without rheological contrast. In experiments with rheological contrast, two important grabens developed along the faulted margins differing from the subbasins with mechanical stratigraphy. Both experiments developed oblique fault systems and, in the area of sub-basins intersection, faults traces became very curved.

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La intención del grupo educativo interdisciplinar que forma este PIMCD tiene como objetivo la creación de un espacio de formación docente para los alumnos de Grado en Historia, Historia del Arte, Biblioteconomía y Documentación y Bellas Artes a través de la catalogación, digitalización y estudio del archivo pedagógico de fotografía del profesor Enrique Lafuente Ferrari, Catedrático de Historia del Arte de la Facultad de Bellas Artes a mediados del siglo pasado, a través sus fondos legados y conservados en la Biblioteca Histórica de nuestra universidad. El fondo fotográfico Enrique Lafuente Ferrari cuenta con 11545 diapositivas en placa de cristal que recorren toda la Historia del Arte, desde la Prehistoria al siglo XX, tanto español como internacional. La actuación que se pretende llevar a cabo, limpiar las diapositivas, reubicarlas en sobres y cajas especiales para este tipo de materiales fotográficos, su catalogación mediante una ficha elaborada por el equipo docente y los facultativos de la Biblioteca Histórica, la digitalización del mismo y su posterior inclusión en el catálogo CISNE de nuestra universidad, así como en la plataforma EUROPEANA, continuando así la labor llevada a cabo el año pasado dentro del PIMCD "Un espacio de construcción pedagógica y científica: el archivo fotográfico Lafuente Ferrari I" pertenecientes a la Historia del Arte Español, siendo la Historia del Arte Universal en el que centre este año nuestro PIMCD. El año pasado se realizaron estas labores de conservación, catalogación y digitalización de 5804 diapositivas sobre vidrio realizadas por diferentes fotógrafos y estudios fotográficos tanto extranjeros como españoles de los siglos XIX y XX. Este año se ha completado el proceso de las 5741 restantes.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Vias de Comunicação e Transportes

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The present research concerns about outdoor s thermal comfort conditions in hot-humid climate cities, understanding that life quality is a result of the urban object s type built for the human being in an environment with specific climate and morphological characteristics. It is presented as object of study the correlation between the neighborhood Renascença II s microclimate in São Luis /MA-Brazil, hot-humid climate city, and its urban morphological changes. As well as the thermal comfort s satisfaction level of its outdoor users. The research has as general goal to diagnosis the way these transformations caused by the urbanization influence the Renascença II s microclimate, identifying critical spots of the studied area, in order to contribute with land use recommendations based on bioclimatic architecture concepts and supply bases to urban design decisions adequate to the São Luis climate. It is presented as theoretical bases the urban climate, its concepts and elements. After that, the thermal comfort conditioners and its prediction models of thermal comfort sensation in outdoor are presented. The predictive models are presented along with bioclimatic assessment methods. Finally the use of bioclimatic assessment as an effective tool to identify places that need changes or preservation in order to seek environment quality. The applied methodology was based on the studies of Katzschner (1997), complemented by Oliveira s (1988) and Bustos Romero s (2001) studies that suggest an analysis and evaluation of maps of topography, buildings floors, land use, green areas and land covering, in order to overlap their characteristics and identify climate variable s measurements points; then a quantitative analysis of the climate variables (air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction) of the chosen points takes place. It was perceived that Renaissance II has no permanence areas as squares or parks, its outdoor has little vegetation and presets high land impermeability and built density levels. The majority of the people interviewed said that was comfortable in a range of air temperature between 27,28ºC and 30,71ºC. The elaboration of a neighborhood master plan is important, which defines strategies for improvement of the life quality of its inhabitants

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The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the importance of the huts of Praia do Futuro to their users and to the city of Fortaleza in Ceará through the comprehension of relations between morphological categories - in urban and edified contexts - of the establishments and their use patterns. This place is one of the main recreation and leisure areas of the city, formed by six kilometres of waterfront, corresponding to a differentiated area through the coast. This space has beach huts with varied profiles: while some more simple huts persist, great complexes are being developed, building even water parks on the beach area. This study analyses relations between:i) spatial configuration (in geometric and mainly topological terms) based on the Social Logic of Space; ii) edified typology (analysing capacity, landscap treatment and program of the huts); and iii) use and environmental perception of the beach by its frequenters. There are consistent relations between the type of hut and their localization in the urban grid, of which were identified groups with different patterns: segregated (north, central and south) and integrated (north: more integrated. and south: less integrated). Such relations also reflect, in varied patterns of use and environmental perception. In spite of their strong economy, the beach huts find themselves in a fragile legal situation because they occupy the beach area, so that this study may come to assist the decision-making for the future of the region. For a sustainable development of the area by those responsible and managers it is necessary to evaluate the cultural importance of the huts at Praia do Futuro, understanding their occupation and uses.

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Introdução: Os indivíduos portadores da má oclusão de Classe II Divisão 1 possuem diversas etiologias e podem ser encontrados em todas as etnias. As suas características clínicas e radiográficas se agravam com o crescimento e uma vez não tratada, continuam com esta má oclusão por toda sua vida. Para o tratamento ortodôntico na dentição mista recorre-se a dispositivos como aparelhos extra-orais, aparelhos funcionais fixos e removíveis. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento da Classe II Divisão 1 na dentição mista, salientando a importância do tratamento nesta fase. Materiais e Métodos: Para a concretização do presente trabalho foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica no presente ano, recorrendo-se ao livro “Ortodontia Contemporânea” do autor William Proffit, diversos motores de busca online, nomeadamente, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier e Scholar Google, utilizando como palavras-chave: “Class II Division 1”, “Mixed Dentition”, “Functional Appliance”, “Extra-Oral Appliance”, e revistas de Ortodontia, nomeadamente, American Journal of Orthodontics, Seminars in Orthodontics, The Angle Orthodontist e Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial. A pesquisa foi realizada sem qualquer tipo de limites temporais, sendo dada uma maior importância a artigos mais recentes. Os artigos foram selecionados segundo o seu rigor científico e interesse para o tema. Numa fase mais avançada de revisão bibliográfica foram usados artigos citados na bibliografia dos artigos selecionados na primeira pesquisa efetuada. Conclusão: A dentição mista é considerada a fase ideal para iniciar o diagnóstico, prevenção, interceção e possível correção dos problemas dentários e/ou esqueléticos associados a uma Classe II Divisão 1. A Ortopedia Funcional dos Maxilares, removível ou fixa, e o uso de aparelhos extra-orais constituem recursos terapêuticos disponíveis para o tratamento desta má oclusão.

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Este trabajo se realiz? con el objetivo de dise?ar un proceso en Educaci?n Ambiental como propuesta educativa, para promover el desarrollo de competencias cient?ficas, ciudadanas y valores en los estudiante a partir de la soluci?n de problem?ticas ambientales locales contextualizadas, espec?ficamente en el manejo del canal de aguas lluvias del sector el Pondaje ? Comuneros II contiguo a la Instituci?n Educativa Humberto Jord?n Mazuera sede Miguel Camacho Perea de la ciudad de Cali, con estudiantes de quinto a s?ptimo grado de escolaridad. La problem?tica fue abordada utilizando el modelo did?ctico de resoluci?n de problemas empleando una metodolog?a cualitativa, en donde por cada grado se plante? una pregunta problema orientadora, la cual fue resuelta a partir de una serie de actividades detalladas, y que fueron planificadas de tal forma que se gener? una secuencia a lo largo del a?o lectivo y a trav?s de los diferentes grados. En el dise?o de estas actividades se promovi? el desarrollo de diferentes competencias cient?ficas, ciudadanas y la formaci?n en valores, necesarios para direccionar el trabajo en Educaci?n Ambiental. Finalmente, este trabajo se convierte en un modelo para profesores de educaci?n b?sica, en cuanto a la necesidad actual de trabajar la Educaci?n Ambiental como un proceso, que relaciona todas las ?reas del conocimiento y en el cual se busca superar diversas dificultades que han trascendido con respecto a este tipo de educaci?n.

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El siguiente trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar algunas situaciones de conflicto interpersonal que se originan en el ?mbito escolar, espec?ficamente aquellas que se dan en el grado Quinto Dos del Colegio Arquidiocesano Juan Pablo II para comprender las maneras como ?stas son resueltas por los estudiantes.Por lo tanto, dicha propuesta estuvo encaminada supone una opci?n preferencial por las personas afectadas o las v?ctimas del conflicto. Entendido de este modo, la Justicia Restaurativa en el ?mbito escolar es un mecanismo que puede ayudar significativamente a mejorar las relaciones de convivencia entre estudiantes, docentes y directivos respondiendo de esta forma a los lineamientos de la Ley 1620 de Marzo de 2013, ?por la cual se crea el Sistema Nacional de Convivencia Escolar y Formaci?n para el ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, la Educaci?n para la Sexualidad y la prevenci?n y mitigaci?n de la Violencia Escolar?, cuyo fin es fomentar y fortalecer la educaci?n en y para la paz.(Art 4). Para el desarrollo de la propuesta, se hizo una caracterizaci?n del contexto escolar y de los tipos de conflictos que se dieron en la cotidianidad del grado Quinto Dos vali?ndose del m?todo etnogr?fico para recoger informaci?n acerca de los tipos de conflictos, las actitudes y posiciones de los estudiantes, docentes y directivos. Con la intenci?n de comprender la problem?tica e identificar posibles soluciones se acudi? a algunos fundamentos de tipo te?rico y legal como: la perspectiva de derechos, la convivencia escolar, la ley 1620 y los postulados de la Justicia restaurativa para identificar alternativas de tipo restaurativo que permitan fortalecer la convivencia y las relaciones entre los estudiantes a trav?s de la resoluci?n pac?fica de conflictos. En la parte final del presente trabajo, se plantean las posibles alternativas para fortalecer la convivencia escolar del grado Quinto Dos, mejorar el ambiente institucional en lo que a resoluci?n pac?fica de conflictos...

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Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

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?An?lisis descriptivo de c?mo se abord? la gram?tica en los cursos de ingl?s y franc?s II en la licenciatura de lenguas extranjeras de la Universidad del Valle: un estudio de casos? es una investigaci?n enmarcada dentro de la investigaci?n de tipo cualitativo ? descriptivo enfocada en el dise?o de investigaci?n estudios de casos ya que esta tiene como fin describir la ense?anza solo en los cuatro cursos de lenguas extranjeras y no en generalizar los resultados. Las herramientas de recolecci?n tomadas en la investigaci?n son: encuestas a los estudiantes de los cursos que hacen parte de la investigaci?n, encuesta a los profesores encargados de los cursos, observaciones de clases y programa de los cursos. Su prop?sito es describir los enfoques, m?todos o perspectivas de ense?anza de gram?tica, las actividades que se llevan a cabo en las clases con el fin de practicar las estructuras ense?adas y los materiales. Tambi?n se busca describir la importancia que tiene la gram?tica en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera seg?n la comunidad implicada

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El anteproyecto arquitectónico se enfocó en el mejoramiento y creación de nueva infraestructura y equipamiento del Parque de Aventura Walter Thilo Deininger, con la propuesta generada, se pretende crear un parque de aventura novedoso, con temática de recreación de juegos de alto rendimiento para personas que disfrutan el contacto con la naturaleza sin prescindir de los servicios básicos que este tipo de parque debe brindar

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Os sistemas de aeronaves não-tripuladas (UAS-Unmanned Aircraft Systems) são uma realidade nos mais distintos cenários, especialmente nos militares. Atualmente, qualquer força armada credível possui sistemas de armas deste tipo ou planeia adquiri-los a curto prazo. Os militares encontram nesta nova valência do poder aéreo uma forma de ultrapassar alguns desafios colocados, essencialmente, por problemas de restrições económicas, humanas e técnicas. O aumento da mobilidade no transporte marítimo e no transporte aéreo, sobre os oceanos leva a que a zona económica exclusiva possa estar ameaçada, especialmente, a costa portuguesa, justificando-se assim, a existência dos meios necessários à sua vigilância de forma eficiente e eficaz. Para isso o país conta com o apoio Força Aérea Portuguesa, que pretende integrar no seu dispositivo nacional UAS Classe II (peso máximo à descolagem entre os 150kg e os 600kg) e desta forma levar a cabo, juntamente com as outras Unidades Aéreas já existentes, missões de Vigilância Marítima e Busca e Salvamento. Não obstante da capacidade já existente, torna-se relevante que sejam estudadas soluções que possam complementar a missão por ela levada a cabo visando, assim, uma otimização de recursos se possível. Tendo em conta esta moldura enquadradora, a presente dissertação, através de um estudo teórico, tem por objetivo geral analisar a potencial operacionalização de um UAS do tipo Classe II, no contexto das missões da Força Aérea. Para a elaboração deste estudo investigou-se e recolheu-se informações sobre a missão VIMAR e SAR. Para a recolha de dados foram elaboradas entrevistas a alguns militares experientes da organização. Os dados recolhidos possibilitaram a criação e respetiva análise de uma matriz SWOT, assim como tipificar missões, no âmbito da Vigilância Marítima e Busca e Salvamento, nas quais a integração do UAS com as aeronaves tripuladas se revelaria fulcral para o sucesso das operações aéreas. Provado o potencial, termina-se com a enumeração de diversas tarefas, sensores, equipamentos e requisitos que poderão servir de referência aos responsáveis pelo desenho e conceção do UAS.