Recuentos de dos ciudades: Guayaquil en 1899 y Quito en 1906 (Estudios)

Estudio preliminar del desarrollo demográfico de Guayaquil y Quito a fines el siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX, basado en los censos proto-estadísticos realizados en ambas ciudades en 1899 y 1906, respectivamente. Se estudian las condiciones en las que se realizaron ambos censos, la información cuantitativa que ofrecen y los vacíos que la historia demográfica aún mantiene. El artículo enfatiza en una perspectiva de análisis comparativo entre las dos principales ciudades del Ecuador. Se examina la composición poblacional en términos de grupos de edad, sexo, ocupación, matrimonio, natalidad, mortalidad y educación.

Elecciones en el Cabildo quiteño y filiación socio-política de sus miembros: 1895-1906

La historia del Cabildo es la historia de la ciudad, pues a través de su accionar cotidiano se define la vida de la urbe y de su gente. Históricamente esta instancia capitular ha tenido amplios poderes jurisdiccionales. Sus miembros, por lo general, han sido una minoría selecta y rectora de tales decisiones, llegando la misma a configurarse en una élite con gran poder y prestigio local; y manteniendo relaciones de parentesco entre algunos de sus integrantes. La presente tesis investiga cómo estuvo configurado –social y políticamente- el cabildo quiteño entre 1895 y 1906, escrutando las actas capitulares de dicho período y analizando los procesos eleccionarios municipales que llevaron a ciertos ciudadanos al seno de dicho organismo; en concordancia con lo establecido en el marco jurídico de la época. Ello nos conduce a develar las principales ‘redes familiares’ que se crearon dentro del cabildo de Quito y lo controlaron durante esos años, intentando permanecer en él para defender sus espacios de poder individual y de clase. A ello se suma el análisis de una serie de tensiones políticas entre el poder local y el poder central, que reflejan, por un lado, la lucha de aquellas élites capitulares por defender su espacio de influencia política y social, corroborando el hecho de que ciertamente aspiraban precautelar sus intereses. Por otro lado se patentiza el afán gubernamental de controlar de manera directa o indirecta la instancia municipal, a través de diversas injerencias o atropellos a su autonomía, en la necesidad última de restarle competencias y poder político al Cabildo.

Olycksfall i arbetet : En kartläggning över olycksfall vid Falu Koppargruva 1906-1915 samt åtgärder för en säkrare arbetsmiljö

Hur farligt var gruvarbete i början av 1900-talet? I denna uppsats undersöks de olycksfall som inträffade i Falu koppargruva mellan åren 1906-1915. Uppsatsen behandlar totalt 387 st arbetsrelaterade olyckor i och kring gruvan. I uppsatsen framkommer att gruvarbetarna var de som löpte störst risk att råka ut för skador. Sjukskrivningarnas längd varierade kraftigt, men de flesta olyckor medförde en sjukskrivningstid på mindre än 20 dagar. Krosskador, kontusioner, sårskador och ögonskador var de vanligaste följderna av olyckorna. Händer och fötter var de mest utsatta kroppsdelarna, och de flesta olyckorna var följden av fallande stenar eller olyckor i samband med användandet av maskiner och verktyg. Under den undersökta perioden inträffade fyra dödsfall, där tre var direkt arbetsrelaterade medan ett skedde under eftervården av en olycka. De vanligast förekommande skyddsåtgärderna var att installera någon form av skydd kring maskiner eller att mana till försiktighet vid riskabla arbetsmoment.

Bildbar och ofarlig för omgivningen : En studie av 18 sinnesslöa skolhemselever vid Västmanlands sinnesslöanstalt å Sofielund, 1897-1906

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska hur resocialiserings- och uppfostrans-ideal av sinnesslöa fungerade vid Västmanlands sinnesslöanstalt å Sofielund. Studien är en fallstudie med individfokus, som följer 18 intagna skolhemsele-ver vid sinnesslöanstalten i Sofielund. Det material som har använts är bland annat intagningslistor, journaler och personliga akter för de 18 undersöknings-personerna, som finns tillgängliga hos Landstingsarkivet Västmanland. Av denna undersökning framkommer bland annat att de 18 undersökningsperso-nerna kom från relativt normala familjer och hemförhållanden, som i de flesta fallen tillhörde arbetarklassen. Samtliga undersökningspersoner ansågs vara bildbara vid intagningen till Sofielund och den största delen av dem ansågs före intagningen lida av lättare sinnesslöhet (idioti). Dessutom ansågs inte någon av dem vara farlig för sin omgivning. Skolpersonalens beskrivningar stödjer inte heller uppfattningen om att de skulle ha ansetts vara farliga. Om de 18 undersökningspersonerna framkommer att de i vissa fall inte ansågs vara bildbara av skolledningen, tidigare utlåtanden till trots. Följaktligen visar resultatet på att en stor del av undersökningspersonerna blev hemskickade efter utskrivning från skolhemmet, möjligen för att de ansågs vara bildbara och därmed inte var lämpliga i skolhemmet. Denna studies resultat pekar också på att uppföljningen av undersökningspersonerna var relativt systema-tisk. En sammanfattande slutsats i denna studie är också att det inte var ovanligt att undersökningspersonerna skickades hem, trots att de flesta gjorde ganska små framsteg i skolan.

Dissonant Voices : Philosophy, Children's Literature, and Perfectionist Education

Dissonant Voices has a twofold aspiration. First, it is a philosophical treatment of everyday pedagogical interactions between children and their elders, between teachers and pupils. More specifically it is an exploration of the possibilities to go on with dissonant voices that interrupt established practices – our attunement – in behaviour, practice and thinking. Voices that are incomprehensible or expressions that are unacceptable, morally or otherwise. The text works on a tension between two inclinations: an inclination to wave off, discourage, or change an expression that is unacceptable or unintelligible; and an inclination to be tolerant and accept the dissonant expression as doing something worthwhile, but different. The second aspiration is a philosophical engagement with children’s literature. Reading children’s literature becomes a form of philosophising, a way to explore the complexity of a range of philosophical issues. This turn to literature marks a dissatisfaction with what philosophy can accomplish through argumentation and what philosophy can do with a particular and limited set of concepts for a subject, such as ethics. It is a way to go beyond philosophising as the founding of theories that justify particular responses. The philosophy of dissonance and children’s literature becomes a way to destabilise justifications of our established practices and ways of interacting. The philosophical investigations of dissonance are meant to make manifest the possibilities and risks of engaging in interactions beyond established agreement or attunements. Thinking of the dissonant voice as an expression beyond established practices calls for improvisation. Such improvisations become a perfectionist education where both the child and the elder, the teacher and the student, search for as yet unattained forms of interaction and take responsibility for every word and action of the interaction. The investigation goes through a number of picture books and novels for children such as Harry Potter, Garmann’s Summer, and books by Shaun Tan, Astrid Lindgren and Dr. Seuss as well narratives by J.R.R. Tolkien, Henrik Ibsen, Jane Austen and Henry David Thoreau. These works of fiction are read in conversation with philosophical works of, and inspired by, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell, their moral perfectionism and ordinary language philosophy.

'In Charge of the Truffula Seeds' : On Children's Literature, Rationality and Children's Voices in Philosophy

In this paper I investigate how philosophy can speak for children and how children can have a voice in philosophy and speak for philosophy. I argue that we should understand children as responsible rational individuals who are involved in their own philosophical inquiries and who can be involved in our own philosophical investigations-not because of their rational abilities, but because we acknowledge them as conversational partners, acknowledge their reasons as reasons, and speak for them as well as let them speak for us and our rational community. In order to argue this I turn, first, to Gareth Matthews' philosophy of childhood and suggest a reconstruction of some of his concepts in line with the philosophy of Stanley Cavell. Second, in order to examine more closely our conceptions of rationality and our pictures of children, I consider the children's books, The Lorax and Where is My Sister? and Henrik Ibsen's play, The Wild Duck.

The Music Salon in Falun During the 19th Century

The aim of the project is to examine the music salon in Falun as a part of the mining community and in the historical context of European salon culture. A specifc goal is to develop a deeper understanding about the salon when it comes to education and pedagogic ideas. Of a certain interest is Johan Henrik Munktell’s (1804-1861) education travelling (bildningsresor). Inspired by Mendelssohn’s music salon in Berlin and the early salons in Upp-sala he created his own salon in Grycksbo. A letter collection from J.H. Munktell to his father J.J. Munktell in 1828-30 can be considered a unique historical material, which places the salon in Falun in a continental context of culture, education and industrial pretensions. The results have potential to extend the knowledge of Nordic salon culture and how it has infuenced general pedagogy and music education.

Metodismo e setores populares: análise da proposta de trabalho do Instituto Central do Povo (Rio de Janeiro, 1906-1930)

A prática educativa protestante no Brasi I se ex pressou principalmente através de colégios destinados as camadas dominantes da sociedade. No entanto, existiram também outras escolas, para atendimento a alunos provenientes das classes populares. No caso específico dos metodistas, foram cria - das escolas paroquiais e, no Rio de Janeiro, na zona portuária, surgiu o Instituto Central do Povo, com ativida - des ligadas a educação, saúde e higiene, trabalho, lazer, além da pregação religiosa. Este tipo de proposta de trabalho foi liderado por setores da igreja metodista que revelavam especial in teresse pelas questões sociais. De fato, desde sua origem na Inglaterra existem evidências de que os metodistas se preocupavam com as condições sociais a que o povo da epoca estava submetido, como se pode ver nos discursos de seus líderes e mesmo na sua prática. Posteriormente, ao transplantar-se o meto - dismo para a América, persistiram as discussões acerca des sas questoes, inclusive provocando divisões internas. Embora a orientação predominante, trazida para o Brasil pelos missionários, tenha sido a influenciada p~ 10 pietismo e pela fi losofia 1 iberal, em íntima relação com o processo de consolidação do capitalismo na sociedade norte-americana durante o Século XIX, é necessário reconhecer entre os metodistas a existência de grupos que defenderam o envolvimento dos cristãos e da igreja nas lu tas sociais, em defesa dos setores populares. Dentro do quadro do protestantismo norte-americano esses grupos se fil iam à corrente conhecida como Evangelho Social.A tentativa de atuação dos missionários metodis tas, 1 igados a esta tendência, que vieram ao Brasil teve, porem, alcance limitado na medida em que esbarrou em di - versos obstáculos: nos fundamentos teóricos sobre os quais as atividades foram concebidas, nas dificuldades de inser ção num contexto social diferente e na própria situação de inferioridade numérica dessa corrente dentro da Igreja.

(Por) entre pedra e tela: a construção de uma memória republicana (Natal - 1906-1919)

This work, from a perspective that thinks the space as a historical category, and especially as a relationship which stresses the role of objects, proposes an analysis of the construction of a Republican memory in the city of Natal in the early twentieth century. This research will focus mainly on two objects: the obelisk opened in 1917, and the Andre de Albuquerque Square on the occasion of the celebration of Frei Miguelinho´s death centenary and the paint Julgamento de Frei Miguelinho ordered by the State Government to the painter Antonio Parreiras, picture that was in the Salão Nobre do Palácio do Poder Executivo of that time. In a geral way this work intend to analyse the construction of this memory as well as the role of these objects in this process. To achieve that, we propose to trace ways and networks to follow the possible associations(between people, events, images, discourses, objects, institutios etc.) in the constitution of mutual belongings. Thus, our procedure was to follow these objects through the pathways in which they became possible, so that in the end we could defend the idea that they are active participants of the process that establish them.

Caracterização da frequência de atividades aéreas do golfinho-rotador, Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828), na Baía dos Golfinhos do Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha

The aerial activities, leaps and slaps with parts of the body in the surface of water, are part of the behavioral repertoire of several species of cetaceans. Among them, the spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, shows greater diversity in such behavior. For the spinner dolphins of Fernando de Noronha, the aerial activities are classified as vertical and horizontal, with eight patterns to be noted (tail slap, head slap, motor boating, partial leap, leap, spin, tail over head and tail over head with spin) discriminated between these categories. Such behaviors can be used as a parameter to identify behavioral changes, as well as patterns of daily and seasonal activity. In this manner, this study aimed to characterize the frequency in performance of such activity while the dolphins were within the Dolphin Bay of Fernando de Noronha, and verify possible daily and seasonal hourly fluctuations on such behaviors. The data analyzed in this study was acquired during the period of January 2006 through December 2010, totaling 1431 days of observation from land set point, with 113027 aerial activities registered, daily average of 72,27 (SD=96,10). During 5478h and 54 min of observation the horizontal aerial activity was the most observed and rotation was the most executed pattern. Greater frequency of execution of aerial activity was observed in adults, but for both adults and calves, was observed a predominance of horizontal activities, with spin being the pattern most executed. Positive correlation was observed between the amount of aerial activity performed and the number of animals inside the Bay. Hourly daily fluctuation was observed in the expression of aerial activities by spinner dolphins, and was observed a peak of activity between 8h and 8h59min for the overall frequency relative of aerial activities, as well as for the categories and patterns. Seasonal differences were observed between the rainy and dry season with the greater amount of activity being observed during the rainy season. Nevertheless, the same profile of frequency relative of aerial activity was observed in both seasons with the peak amount being during the same period. When discriminated the aerial activities in categories and patterns, for both seasons, there was a similar pattern of hourly fluctuation; for most of parameters, higher frequency relative of execution of aerial activity remain between 8h and 8h59min