Desenvolvimento de uma câmara fototérmica com transdutor transparente para monitoramento de água em etanol combustível

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

A diversidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte e o potencial desta fauna na regeneração de clareiras artificiais na região do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas

A região do rio Urucu, localizada na porção oeste da Amazônia brasileira, está entre as áreas consideradas prioritárias para conservação devido a sua grande riqueza de espécies e importância biogeográfica. Nesta região são desenvolvidas atividades de exploração de petróleo e gás natural, as quais geram a abertura de clareiras em meio a floresta contínua. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) estimar a riqueza, composição e abundância da comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em Urucu a qual foi amostrada através dos métodos de transecção linear, busca por vestígios e armadilhas fotográficas; e 2) registrar a presença de mamíferos nas clareiras e verificar a participação destes animais no processo de regeneração através do onitoramento das clareiras artificiais por meio de armadilhas fotográficas e por observações in loco (clareira-focal). Adicionalmente, também foram instaladas armadilhas fotográficas no interior da floresta (amostras-controle). No total foram registradas 40 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, sendo 25 através da transecção linear, 16 pela busca por vestígios e 15 por armadilhas fotográficas. A espécie Lagothrix cana foi a mais abundante através do método de transecção linear, enquanto Tapirus terrestris foi a mais abundante para os métodos de busca por vestígios e armadilhas fotográficas. O monitoramento através das armadilhas fotográficas resultou no registro de sete espécies em clareiras e 14 espécies em floresta. Nas clareiras registrouse maior freqüência de espécies herbívoras-frugívoras. Já na floresta, espécies de diferentes hábitos alimentares foram registradas em proporção equilibrada. O monitoramento visual (clareira-focal) nas clareiras totalizou 144 horas de observação, sendo registradas três espécies. A espécie D. fuliginosa exibiu com maior freqüência as categorias comportamentais deslocamento e parado, enquanto que as espécies T. terrestris e S. pileatus despenderam maior tempo na categoria alimentação. Os dados obtidos através do monitoramento das clareiras sugerem que estes animais podem atuar ativamente na regeneração destas áreas através dos processos de herbivoria e dispersão de frutos e sementes.

Sistema pneumático de secagem de grãos com gerenciamento termodinâmico do processo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uso da oxi-combustão em equipamentos convencionais como alternativa a queima com ar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma miniestação ecoeficiente de tratamento de esgoto e reuso de águas, com sistemas registrador queimador, para baixa vazões de biogás e cogeração de energia

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Análise da viabilidade de motorização elétrica do soprador no ciclo regenerativo da unidade de craqueamento catalítico fluidizado em uma refinaria

One of the biggest environmental problems of today is the climate change. Experts affirm that this global warming is related to the greenhouse effect. Its causes are directly related to human activity, especially the use of fossil fuels. In this context, companies around the world are challenged to improve energy efficiency in order to reduce the environmental impact and work toward the so-called tripod of sustainable development that focuses on the social, economic and environmental aspects of a business strategy. The first step a company can make in this regard is to conduct an inventory of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The reduction of GHG emissions in a refinery can be achieved by replacing steam turbines with electric motors to drive big machines, this reduction is achieved by relieving the steam consumption for electric power available or purchased. An important aspect associated with the reduction of GHG emissions is the best performance of the Energy Intensity Index (ERI). The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the blower motorization in the regenerative cycle of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit at a specific refinery. For development work, two methods were used, the initial screening and optimization scenarios with the help of software Butyl. The results indicate that after a certain cost of natural gas this substitution becomes favorable. In addition, there is a large reduction of CO2 emissions avoided by burning fuel

Avaliação do método de classificação baseada no objeto em imagens de alta resolução espacial aplicado para o monitoramento de faixa de dutos: estudo de caso no entorno da refinaria de Capuava em Mauá - SP

The metropolitan region of São Paulo is the most populous of the country, this happens because of its great importance in the national economy and the job opportunities that are offered to the population. These factors result in intense population growth and urban expansion, reaching some non-habitable places of the metropolis, as areas of pipelines, which are very important for the transportation of natural gas, oil and its derivatives. Before the population growth of the region, these sites were unoccupied, do not presenting problems for the population. However, with the disorderly occupation is generated great anthropogenic pressure on the pipeline stitches, causing risks to people who are around them. Therefore it is extremely important to monitor the strip of pipelines through products and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling, through high spatial resolution images, identification of objects or phenomena that occur on Earth's surface that can alter the functioning and safety of pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to monitor a stretch of the area of the pipeline mesh GASPAL/OSVAT and Capuava Refinery (RECAP), located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in the city of Mauá, who suffer great human pressure, proving thus the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) as effective tools for monitoring phenomena occurred in urban areas of great complexity. The monitoring was done by object-based classification applied in orbital images Ikonos II and RapidEye, of high spatial resolution and, image processing, detection of objects, segmentation, classification and editing were developed through the eCognition and ArcGis softwares. To determine the statistical accuracy of the mapping of the land cover of the stretch of pipeline in Maua, the results were analyzed by error matrix... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Redução de consumo de energia eletrica a partir de reaproveitamento de energia termica com uso de ciclo rankine orgânico

This paper is proposed the usage of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) along with waste heat recovery from an inconstant heat source. This method of waste heat recovery with intermittent heat source is part of a technical viability study. This paper also brings up the usage of thermal energy storage as heat source for the ORC. This paper is based on a heat treatment company study in which a natural gas furnace is explored. Data such as mass flow, temperature and specific waste gas heat from this furnace are used through calculations. Calculations are made also based on furnace cycles. This viability study considers a series of working fluids such as ammonia, benzene, R113 and R134a. Results point out that ORC with out thermal storage and using refrigerant fluid ammonia is the best alternative

Análise da estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica em bambu Guadua angustifolia pós-processos de tratamentos químicos e térmico

Nowadays, bamboo is being studied because of their strength properties according with their specific mass and speed of growth, which makes it an important alternative as a new resource that will help reduce pressure on forests and helpping them favoring the minimization of uncontrolled deforestation in many regions of Brazil. This study aimed, in general, to analyze physical and mechanical properties of the material with the divulgation of its potential for industrial application. To do so, in this research were determined in relation to the physical properties, moisture content, dimensional stability and the apparent densities and the mechanics and basic, just a tension parallel to grain, in order to observe the interference of various kinds of treatments (chemical, thermal and natural) on the strength and modulus of elasticity in this request. The species used was the Guadua angustifolia, a species native of Brazil. All tests were performed at Universidade Estadual Paulista - Campus Experimental Itapeva in the laboratory of Materials Properties. The methodology used for testing of moisture, density and tension parallel to grain were based on NBR 7190/1997 for the wood, and dimensional stability tests were based on much the same as in COPANT 462/1972 (South American) . The preservative treatments conducted followed the recommendation of each manufacturer. The values obtained in tests of physical properties were satisfactory especially with respect to density and dimensional stability analyzed by the coefficient of anisotropy, showed that, compared to wood, excellent quality for the shrinkage test, obtaining a coefficient of 1.2. With respect to parallel tensile tests to fibre results showed, in most cases, that test specimens with the presence of us have lower values of resistance and modulus of elasticity when compared with those without us. In the treatment of thermal-treatment there was an apparent treatment there was an apparent increase in...

Estudos de pré-formulação e desenvolvimento de cosméticos-linha FloraBrasil

O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de uma linha cosmética composta de produtos para higiene capilar, hidratação corporal e facial. O foco do desenvolvimento da linha cosmética foi à valorização da diversidade natural do Brasil, buscando ter diferenciais para que a linha tivesse uma característica que permitisse sua inserção no mercado de cosméticos. O direcionamento da linha cosmética foi para cabelos que passam por processos frequentes de alisamentos químicos, escovas e chapinhas. A linha corporal e facial foi mais direcionada para peles mais seca e ressecada. Além disso, o trabalho visa um maior contato com diversidade de matérias primas, técnicas de manipulação, noções de estabilidade, noções de “marketing” e conhecimento a respeito do mercado de cosmético.

Estudo em fadiga no aço API 5L X80 soldado pelo processo HF/ERW

The technological advancement in order to improve the methods of obtaining energy sources such as oil and natural gas is mainly motivated by the recent discovery of oil reserves. So, increasingly , there is a need for a thorough knowledge of the materials used in the manufacture of pipelines for transportation and exploration of oil and natural gas. The steels which follow the API standard (American Petroleum Institute), also known as high strenght low alloy (hsla), are used in the manufacture of these pipes, as they have, with their welded joints, mechanical properties to withstand the working conditions to which these ducts will be submitted . The objective of this study is to evaluate the fatigue behavior in microalloyed steel grade API 5L X80 welded by process HF / ERW . For this, axial fatigue tests to obtain S-N curve (stress vs. number of cycles ) were conducted. To complement the study, it was performed metallographic , fractographic , Vickers hardness tests and tensile tests to characterize the mechanical properties of the steel and check whether the values satisfy the specifications of the API 5L standard . From the fatigue tests , it was concluded that the surface finish influences directly on the fatigue life of the material

Caracterização microestrutural de junta soldada com arco submerso e análise da propagação de trincas em um tubo de aço API X 70

In this work a study of an API 5L X70 steel, which is used in the manufacture of oil and gas pipelines, has been made. This class of steel show high strength and ductility values, and has been increasingly studied due the growing demand of oil and natural gas, which in consequence, increases the needing of new pipelines to transport them. The material studied has been directly taken from a tube provided by TenarisConfab, and a special attention has been given to the fatigue crack growth rate study, which proved that a crack will grow at different rates according to the tube position where it is growing

Estudo do comportamento em fadiga de um tubo de aço microligado, grau API 5L X70

This work focuses on a study on the fatigue behavior of a microalloyed steel API 5L X70, used in pipes lines to transport oil and gas. These types of steels have excellent mechanical resistance values and ductility and therefore increased their study driven by increased demand for oil and especially natural gas, which consequently raises the need to build new pipelines to transport these products. The oil extraction units, composed of the risers (pipelines connecting the oil well to the ship), are dimensioned to remain installed for periods of 20 to 30 years in the marine environment, a hostile environment for high pressure, corrosion, low temperatures and the stresses caused by the movement of water and tides. For analysis, the S-N (stress versus number of cycles) curves were obtained from data collected from bodies-of-proof cylindrical longitudinal, transverse and that one removed from the weld area of the pipe, tested in accordance with ASTM E466. Tensile tests were performed for characterizing the mechanical properties of the samples and welded joints, concluded that the values meet the specifications of the standard API 5L. To characterize microstructural material, also metallographic analysis was made of regions of the base metal and the HAZ. The results of fatigue tests demonstrated a higher life for the specimens removed from the longitudinal direction the pipe, followed by those in the transverse direction and, finally, the welded joint. The origins of the fatigue cracks were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

China e a Ásia Central: petróleo, segurança e os Estados Unidos

In the last two decades, the United States have substantially increased their presence in Central Asia. Therefore their presence left China in an uncomfortable position, as China seeks to build a stable and peaceful environment in its near abroad, having under its influence all the countries of Central Asia. One of the ways used by the Chinese government to get closer to the countries of this region is through the oil. Being so, the Chinese oil companies buy rights of exploitation of oil and gas reserves in Central Asia and through this establishes and deepens friendly ties with these countries. This practice became known as oil diplomacy. This new tool of the Chinese government has a double effect: it increases the projection of the Chinese power and dilutes the American influence in the region. In other words, it displeases the United States, and in turn tries to be even more present in Central Asia. The main goal to be worked in this study is how the oil diplomacy increases Chinese influence in Central Asia and dilutes American power in the region. It also aims to explain how the United States uses its presence in Central Asia and on sea lines of communication used to transport oil to contain the Chinese expansion

Thermodynamic, Economic and Emissions Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Cogeneration System operating on Biofuels

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG