Teorias de potência conservativa e instantânea: análise comparativa

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEB

As organizações e a ISO 26000: revisão dos conceitos, dos motivadores e das barreiras de implementação

ISO 26000, published in 2010, focuses on corporate social responsibility. This study presents a systematic review conducted in ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science) and Elsevier's Scopus databases to answer the following question: What are the barriers and motivators affecting the adoption of ISO 26000 by organizations? The articles were selected using filters that applied two inclusion criteria. The data were summarized in a table covering the concepts of ISO 26000, the motivators, and the barriers. The motivators were globalization or competition in international markets, congruence with management systems, reputation or image, relationship with employees and improvement of the organizational environment, improvement in the relationship with external stakeholders, competitive advantage and strategy, guide to corporate social responsibility (CSR), and reduction of business risks. The barriers were lack of alignment between CSR and organizational strategy; business (national and international); unfamiliarity with ISO 26000; lack of communication, tools and sensitivity to the subject; short-term focus; knowledge management; fear of not fulfilling the standard; and financial resources. Finally, an agenda for future studies was prepared.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de formulação cosmética contendo nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio para proteção solar

O protetor solar é um produto extremamente importante para proteger a pele da radiação ultravioleta proveniente do sol e capaz de reduzir a incidência de câncer de pele. Os filtros solares são divididos em orgânicos e inorgânicos e, dentre os inorgânicos, se encontra o TiO2 que atua refletindo, espalhando e absorvendo as radiações UV, além de ser fotoestável e de baixo potencial de irritabilidade dérmica. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas formulações cosméticas em forma de gel contendo nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio capazes de agir como fotoprotetores físicos e que mantem a transparência ao serem aplicados sobre uma superfície, como a pele. Foram desenvolvidos xerogéis a base de nanopartículas de TiO2 com tamanho e superfície controlados. A partir dessas nanopartículas foi possível preparar formulações cosméticas contendo nanopartículas redispersas de xerogéis a base de TiO2. Esses sistemas foram avaliados por testes de citotoxicidade e foi obtido um resultado favorável para a continuidade da pesquisa, sugerindo o uso deste material em humanos sem causar danos. Foram feitas as caracterizações físico químicas e estruturais. A análise de FPS indicou amplo espectro da formulação, o potencial zeta mostrou que é possível evitar aglomerações das nanopartículas em pHs utilizados para formulações tópicas, a reologia demonstrou que as formulações apresentam comportamento de recuperação da consistência e organização do material inicial após seu desarranjo durante o cisalhamento. As caracterizações serviram para obter um conhecimento da estrutura química e física das amostras que contém as nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio, para que seja possível fazer uma análise crítica e melhor qualificar o protetor solar desenvolvido.

Vitrocerâmicas porosas via conformação e consolidação com amidos

The search for new methods of manufacture of glass-ceramics with controlled porosity and permeability is interesting of the industrial and commercial point of view, and a challenge of great complexity. Porous glass-ceramics produced by sintering and crystallization of glasses can find applications, for example, as filters, materials with bactericidal properties, bio-implants, as catalytic and enzymes supports, among others. An alternative and low cost method of ceramic manufacture reaching different levels of porosity, for diverse purposes, is the conformation assisted by addition of starch, known as consolidation with starch. The objective of this project is to study the process of conformation with starch for making porous glass-ceramics from a commercial glass in the system Na2O-CaO-SiO2, whose kinetics of sintering by viscous flow and surface crystallization are known. The method of conformation with starches is innovative for glass-ceramics and its development opens the way for obtaining a new class of materials. We found a possible route for the production of porous compacts of glass particles, from the powder preparation to the removal of starch. It was observed that a glass powder obtained by dry milling in a ball mill with alumina balls for 24 h, afterwards mixed with water in an eccentric ball mill for 2 h, without the addition of a deflocculant, and subsequently mixed with starch also in an eccentric ball mill for 5 min resulted in slurries stable against sedimentation

Estudo para determinação da kVp em equipamentos de raios X convencional

The quality assurance control program (QACP) in clinical radiology is very important to acquire, image quality, patient dose reduction and cost for the institution. The verification of the real tension on the x ray tube, it is one of many parameters that may be determined on a QACP. This act on image quality as absorbed dose in patient. Once proved the importance of this fact, this study come up with the determination of tension to any X ray tube used on medical routine, on quick, safe and low cost manner. To reach the aim of this study, the methodology consisted on measuring expose rates (ER) using different thicknesses of copper (Cu) plates like filters and relating these results with Half Layer Value (HLV). Afterwards, the HLV was associated to real tension that was acquired with kilo voltage of peak (kVp) measurers used on clinical routine. So walking in this path, when performed the ER, on any X ray tube, it’s possible acquire the HLV and consequently the real kVp, considering measures obtained before, on the methodology of kVp estimative development

Reconhecimento de voz para aplicações em automação implementado em FPGA

In many movies of scientific fiction, machines were capable of speaking with humans. However mankind is still far away of getting those types of machines, like the famous character C3PO of Star Wars. During the last six decades the automatic speech recognition systems have been the target of many studies. Throughout these years many technics were developed to be used in applications of both software and hardware. There are many types of automatic speech recognition system, among which the one used in this work were the isolated word and independent of the speaker system, using Hidden Markov Models as the recognition system. The goals of this work is to project and synthesize the first two steps of the speech recognition system, the steps are: the speech signal acquisition and the pre-processing of the signal. Both steps were developed in a reprogrammable component named FPGA, using the VHDL hardware description language, owing to the high performance of this component and the flexibility of the language. In this work it is presented all the theory of digital signal processing, as Fast Fourier Transforms and digital filters and also all the theory of speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models and LPC processor. It is also presented all the results obtained for each one of the blocks synthesized e verified in hardware

Desenvolvimento de software para exibição de exames de eletrocardiograma

The main objective is to create a software, using C++ language, for reading and exhibiting in a graphic an Electrocardiogram (ECG) wave. The data is recorded as a FM modulated signal and compressed using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM). The signal have this characteristics because it was acquired using an experimental equipment, this equipment is the result of research made by the professor who supervised this work. FM demodulation techniques in discrete time, discrete filters and digital signal processing are some of the topics that can be found in this essay. Some concepts about the human heart and about ECG waves are also briefly introduced. These concepts are necessary for understanding the final evaluation of the software performance. The development is partly made using MATLAB. Most of the functions that are used on the software are first tested and designed in MATLAB environment. In the end, an evaluation is done comparing the results that are expected with the ones that MATLAB presents and the ones that the developed software presents

Análise de sistemas de máquinas térmicas em plantas de processos químicos

Pressure drop and energy efficiency of compressors in chemical plants are the focus of this study. Its objective is an analysis of possible sources of energy loss through the study of pressure loss in pipes, calculation of thermodynamic efficiency of the compressors. Important issues are raised for this analysis such as the types of compressors, the operating range of each compressor, compression types, as well as a study of accessories such as filters and valves. After studying these issues was carried out calculations of pressure drop step-bystep and with a software WIPCD. Followed by the calculation of efficiency of compressors and monthly energy cost of each compressor in operation. Finally, the study shows some suggestions for immediate improvements, changes and suggestions for possible future purchases of compressors

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sistemas líquido cristalinos para incorporação de p-metoxicinamato de octila

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sistema biométrico de identificação de pessoas utilizando poros e minúcias de impressões digitais

The use of physical characteristics for human identification is known as biometrics. Among the many biometrics traits available, the fingerprint is the most widely used. The fingerprint identification is based on the impression patterns, as the pattern of ridges and minutiae, characteristics of first and second levels respectively. The current identification systems use these two levels of fingerprint features due to the low cost of the sensors. However, the recent advances in sensor technology, became possible to use third level features present within the ridges, such as the perspiration pores. Recent studies show that the use of third-level features can increase security and fraud protection in biometric systems, since they are difficult to reproduce. In addition, recent researches have also focused on multibiometrics recognition due to its many advantages. The goal of this research project was to apply fusion techniques for fingerprint recognition in order to combine minutia, ridges and pore-based methods and, thus, provide more robust biometrics recognition systems, and also to develop an automated fingerprint identification system using these three methods of recognition. We evaluated isotropic-based and adaptive-based automatic pore extraction methods, and the fusion of pore-based method with the identification methods based on minutiae and ridges. The experiments were performed on the public database PolyUHRF and showed a reduction of approximately 16% in the EER compared to the best results obtained by the methods individually

Contagem automatizada de veículos utilizando segmentação estatística

In this work was developed a program capable of performing automatic counting of vehicles on roads. The problem of counting vehicles is using expensive techniques for its realization, techniques which often involve manual counting or degradation of the pavement. The main motivation for this work was the importance that the vehicle counting represents to the Traffic Engineer, being essential to analyze the performance of the roads, allowing to measure the need for installation of traffic lights, roundabouts, access ways, among other means capable of ensuring a continuous flow and safe for vehicles. The main objective of this work was to apply a statistical segmentation technique recently developed, based on a nonparametric linear regression model, to solve the segmentation problem of the program counter. The development program was based on the creation of three major modules, one for the segmentation, another for the tracking and another for the recognition. For the development of the segmentation module, it was applied a statistical technique combined with the segmentation by background difference, in order to optimize the process. The tracking module was developed based on the use of Kalman filters and application of simple concepts of analytical geometry. To develop the recognition module, it was used Fourier descriptors and a neural network multilayer perceptron, trained by backpropagation. Besides the development of the modules, it was also developed a control logic capable of performing the interconnection among the modules, mainly based on a data structure called state. The analysis of the results was applied to the program counter and its component modules, and the individual analysis served as a means to establish the par ameter values of techniques used. The find result was positive, since the statistical segmentation technique proved to be very useful and the developed program was able to count the vehicles belonging to the three goal..

Relação entre os atributos funcionais e características do habitat em comunidades de girinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de regiões em cenários agrícolas utilizando um sistema de visão catadióptrico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sistemas de filtragem aplicados em processos fabris automotivos

The present work resulted from a study about coolant filtration systems in industries with metalworking process in large scale. The filtration and element filter world markets move billions of Reais per year and have a promissory future considering that with the global requirements of sustainable economic development, many companies invest in new filtering technology. Either known as coolant or cutting fluid, it is used to lubricate e cool parts during machining and is necessary due to the high volume demanded in the several machining operations and to the high cost of the product. Therefore, there is the need for recycling the product after its use. The work shows the technology and fundamentals of filtration as well as different filtering elements, filtration systems and scale contamination used in the industry. Also, there is a differentiation between filtration of the surface type (cake) and depth filtration and shows the basic theory of filtration by mathematic models in different operational conditions. Ultimately, project criteria for a coolant filtration system selection is shown followed by technical-operational details of a real vacuum filtration system and a case study aiming the operational cost reduction of the system

Desenvolvimento de estrutura para purificação de água potável, através da irradiação de UV com lâmpadas fluorescentes especiais

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS