Avaliação da capacidade funcional e força muscular respiratória associada ao exercício físico em pacientes com doença renal crônica que realizam hemodiálise

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é considerada um problema mundial de saúde pública. O paciente com DRC apresenta baixa tolerância ao exercício físico e como conseqüência apresenta limitações na capacidade funcional e força muscular respiratória. O paciente com DRC em programa de hemodiálise pode sofrer impactos negativos na sua capacidade funcional. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional e a força muscular respiratória associada ao exercício físico em pacientes com doença renal crônica que realizam hemodiálise. Metodologia: 28 pacientes de ambos os sexos com idade entre 40 e 60 anos participaram do estudo, em programa de hemodiálise no Instituto do Rim da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Presidente Prudente-SP. Os pacientes foram avaliados pela força muscular inspiratória (PImax) e força muscular expiratória (PEmax) pela manovacuometria e Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6’) para avaliar a capacidade funcional. Após as avaliações, os pacientes iniciaram o programa de atividade física, com duração de oito semanas, realizado 3 vezes por semana durante 40 minutos na hemodiálise. Ao final do programa de exercícios físicos, os pacientes foram reavaliados. Resultados: Na avaliação da força muscular respiratória o valor da PImax pós foi significativamente maior que o valor obtido na avaliação pré programa (p<0,05), para a variável PEmax não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os momentos pré e pós intervenção (p<0,05). As avaliações da capacidade funcional ou Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6’) inicial e após o programa de exercícios, não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05). Dados da Escala de Borg indicaram redução significativa do cansaço e dispnéia (p<0,05), após o programa de exercícios. Os indicadores relativos à dor foram reduzidos, após o programa, em relação ao pré (p<0,05). Conclusão:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Influência do exercício resistido aplicado de forma aguda sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jovens ativos saudáveis: análise por meio de índices geométricos

Introduction: The triangular index and the Poincaré plot (or Lorenz plot) are the best known indexes obtained from geometric methods. The triangular index (TINN, RRtri) represent the global variability of the subject and SD1, which reflects the parasympathetic component, SD2, index of global variability and its relationship (SD1/SD2) are obtained from the Poincaré plot. Despite the literature showing changes in the cardiovascular system during and after the resistance exercise (RE), aspects related to autonomic modulation of heart against these conditions have not been explored yet, so it is important to evaluate this behavior. Objectives: Analyze the acute effects of RE on the cardiac autonomic modulation during recovery (REC) through analysis of geometric indices of heart rate variability (HRV), applied with different intensities and muscle groups in healthy and active young. Methods: Were evaluated 24 young, 22.25 ± 2.4 years and 24.47 ± 3.08 kg/m2, underwent an experimental protocol of five stages, in the first stage was conducted a test of one maximum repetition (1RM) in upper limbs (UL) and lower limb (LL), and the following steps were initiated interventions to 40 (E) and 80% (F) of 1RM. Considered for HRV analysis the periods: baseline and immediately after exercise, both in supine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Reprodutibilidade das respostas metabólicas e cardiorrespiratórias fisiológicas em um protocolo de exercício intermitente realizado com recuperação passiva e ativa

The main objective of this study was to analyze the reliability of blood lactate concentration ([La]), oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (FC) in an intermittent protoco, performed at 95%VO2max with passive or active recovery in untrained subjects. Participated of this study, active healthy males with 20 to 25 years, which were doing aerobic exercises witha weekly frequency of 3 sessions at least. The individulas performed, in different days, the following protocols in a cyclergometer: 1) An incremental test until exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the intensity at VO2max; b) Two transitions at 95%VO2max for the determination of the VO2 kinetics parameters and; c) Two intermittent tests until exhaustion, with repetitions at 95% IVO2max and with durantion defined as being half of the duration of the slow component. The duration of the recovery was half of the duration of the effort (effort:pause of 2:1). This test was performed with passive (GP) and active recovery (GA). The VO2 and FC were measured continulously in both tests. Blood collections were performed for the determination of the [La]. There was significant correlação in both groups for VO2 (ATIVA - 0.94, PASSIVA - 0.75), [La] (ATIVA - 0.83, PASSIVA - 0.90) and FC (0.93) only for the passive group. Thus, it can be concluded that the cardiorrespiratory and metabolic responses present good realiability in an intermittent exercise with active or passive recovery

Influência do alongamento prévio no pico de torque e na taxa de força em exercício de contração isométrica

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of previous active static stretch on the isometric peak torque (PT) and rate of force development (RFD) measured from different time intervals from the beginning of muscle contraction. Participated of this study 15 male individuals, apparently healthy, with ages between 18 and 25 years, without regular physical activity practice. The individuals were submitted in different days to the following tests: 1) Familiarization session to the isokinetic dynamometer; 2) Two maximal isometric concentric contractions for knee extensors in isokinetic dynamometer to determine PT and RFD (Control), and; 3) Two active static stretching exercises for the dominant leg extensors (10 x 30 s for each exercise, with 20 s of rest). After the stretching, the isokinetic test was repeated (Post-Stretching). The conditions 2 and 3 were performed in random order. The RFD was considered as the mean slope of the moment-time curve at time intervals of 0-30, 0-50 and 0-100ms relative to the beginning of muscle contraction. It was verified significant reduction for both maximal RFD and PT after the stretching (p < 0.05). At intervals of 0- 30ms, 0-50ms and 0-100ms, the RFD at the conditions with stretching was similar to the RFD without stretching (p > 0.05). At intervals of 0-150ms and 0-200ms, the RFD obtained at the contraction without stretching was significantly higher that that obtained at the contraction with stretching (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the static stretching, performed with duration of 600 s diminish isometric PT, maximal RFD and RFD measured at late phase (> 100 ms) of muscle contraction.

Cinética de lactato sanguíneo durante exercício de natação em ratos desnutridos recém-desmamados

Sabe-se que a desnutrição protéica fetal/neonatal pode predispor à resistência à insulina e à síndrome metabólica após recuperação nutricional. O treinamento físico, por sua vez, melhora a tolerância à glicose e a sensibilidade à insulina, além de exercer efeitos benéficos ao crescimento somático. Por outro lado, faltam informações quanto à habilidade de organismos desnutridos muito jovens para a realização do exercício. Modelos animais podem auxiliar a investigação desta questão, uma vez que o estudo em humanos apresenta limitações. Alimentação de ratos com dietas isocalóricas com baixo teor protéico é um modelo de desnutrição bastante utilizado para simular a desnutrição humana. Assim sendo, o presente estudo foi delineado para avaliar a cinética de lactato sanguíneo durante uma sessão de natação de ratos recém desmamados submetidos à restrição protéica fetal/neonatal. Foram avaliados dois grupos de animais recém-desmamados (21 dias, machos), contendo 8 animais em cada um: Normoprotéico (NP), crias de ratas alimentados com dieta normoprotéica (AIN 93G, 17% caseína) durante a gestação e a lactação e Hipoprotéico (HP):crias de ratas alimentados com dieta normoprotéica (6% caseína) durante a gestação e a lactação. Foram analisados peso ao nascer, concentrações séricas de proteínas totais e albumina dos recém-nascidos assim como ao desmame. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t de student não pareado, sendo o nível de significância pré-estabelecido em 5%. Quando se avaliou os animais recémnascidos observou-se que a restrição protéica neonatal foi eficaz na instalação do quadro de desnutrição visto menores valores referente ao peso corporal, proteínas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Hemorragia pulmonar induzida por exercício: fatores predisponentes, prevenção e tratamento

The Exercise Induced Pulmonar Haemorrhage (EIPH) affect a large amount of atlethe horses. It affects the horse's performance in any kind of competition and it can represent incresead spending of money or even an economic loss. Thoroughbred horses are the most affectef breed by EIPH because of intensive activity. Meanwhile any other kind of horse breed that is involved in athletic competition can also be affected by EIPH as well. In this brief work we are presenting the most common causes and factors from the EIPH as well the prevention and some types of treatment available nowadays

Efeito do exercício prévio na determinação da potência crítica

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of previous exercise on the determination of critical power (CP). Seven apparently healthy nontrained males, of 18 to 25 years, participated of this study. The subjects were submitted, in different days to the following protocols in a cyclergometer: 1) one progressive test until voluntary exhaustion for the determination of lactate threshold (LL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and its corresponding intensity (IVO2max); 2) six constant workload tests at 95,100 and 110% IVO2max until exhaustion with and without a previous exercise at 70% , in random order. The exhaustion times (tlim) at 95, 100 and 110% IVO2max were adjusted forme thress models of two parameters to estimate CP and anaerobic work capacity (AWC) [P=CTAn/tlim)+CP; tlim = CTAn/(P-PC); P=PC.tlim+ CTAn]. The model with the lowest standard error was considered for the estimation of CP. The tlim at 95% IVO2max was similar without (501 ± 140 s) and with previous exercise (473 ± 99 s). However, the tlim at 100% (381 ± 103 s and 334 ± 101 s) and 110% IVO2max (267 ± 163 s and 227 ± 68 s) was significantly longer with previous exercise. There was no significant difference in CP and AWCat conditions without (200 ± 27 W and 23 ± 11 kJ, respectively) and with previous exercise (212 ± 30 W and 18 ± 8 kJ, respectively). It can be concluded that the parameters of the relationship between power and time were not modified by the previous severe exercise

Validação dos parâmetros aeróbio e anaeróbio a partir de protocolo não invasivo aplicado ao exercício resistido - supino reto

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of critical force test from maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) during resistance test using straight bench press. Five healthy male volunteers aged (22.6 ± 2.88 years), weight (76.3 ± 11.49 kg) e height (182.6 ± 7.54cm), trained in resistance exercise, and performed four diferent test to determine: one maximal effort (1RM), critical force using the critical power model (force vs 1/time limit - 20, 25 and 30% 1RM). The CF was the linear coefficient and the anaerobic impulse capacity (CIA) was the angular. MLSS was determined using loads of 80, 90, 100 and 110% of critical force. Blood lactate samples were abtained at each 300sec between each stage of total 1200sec. Maximal 30s test (M30) was accomplished with load of 25% of body weight in SBP. The results showed that the 1 RM was 79.4 Kgf (± 16.98), CF 10.1N (± 2.25), CIA 1756.82 N.s (± 546.96) and the R² 0.984 (± 0,02). The MLSS occurs at 100% CF load. The lactate concentration at the MLSS was 2.2 mmol/L (± 0.77). Significant correlation was observed between MLSS and CF on SBP (r = 0.88 p = 0.05). In M30 the minimum, mean and peak power were (25.0 ± 4.9, 28.0 ± 4.9, and 30.0 ± 4.6 kgf.rps, respectively). The fatigue index was 18.0% (± 6,8). The M30 was significantly correlated with Ppeak and Pmean (r = 0.98 for both, p = 0.003). The CF means has been validated to predict the resistance training and the CIA show to be a representative anaerobic parameter in straight bench press.

Efeito do pacing e do exercício prévio na performance aeróbia

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of prior exercise on different intensity distribution strategies (pacing). The study included five male individuals, apparently healthy, aged between 18 and 25 years, and without regular practice of physical activities. The subjects were tested on different days following the protocols on a cycle ergometer: 1) a progressive ramp test, 2) three constant load tests in the intensities of 85%, 90% and 95% IVO2max to exhaustion, and 3) six tests with and without holding a prior exercise intensity of 70%  with different strategies for Even-intensity pace, ES (401 ± 70 W), which consists of an exercise at a pace and / or constant intensity from beginning to end; where intensity is initially increased to 10% less than the ES progressively increase to reach 10% above the intensity of ES, and; Fast-start; FS, where there is a reversal in the way of distributing intensity, ie the initial intensity is 10% higher than the value of ES decreased progressively to 10% below that ES. All these tests were performed in random order. The tlim with previous exercise was significantly shorter than without previous exercise at FS condition (p < 0.05). The VO2final obtained at ES condition was similar with (3243 ± 599 ml.min-1) and without (3252 ± 384 ml.min-1) previous aerobic exercise (p > 0.05). However, the VO2final obtained at FS condition was higher with (3291 ± 218 ml.min-1) than without (3097 ± 207 ml.min-1) previous aerobic exercise (p < 0.05). The heart rate was higher at ES condition with than without previous aerobic exercise (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in this variable for FS condition with and without previous aerobic exercise (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the results the previous exercise (70%) achieved lasting 6 minutes followed by 6 minutes of recovery appears to influence / commit ting the conditions during the pacing for this population

Influência do exercício resistido com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo sobre ativação muscular

Conventional resistance training (TRC) is capable to generate muscular responses according to provided stimuli, as, training volume and intensity. The TRC results in force gains in general. Studies aim this gain to neural adaptation initially, followed by hypertrophy gains. However, studies that used TRC associated to blood flow restriction (RFS) found rise in force and hypertrophy without necessarily detecting rise in neural activity. Therefore this review had as objective, bring up literature data that report this fact and yet, speculate possible elucidation about this responses inversion

Influência de uma sessão de exercício resistido na pressão arterial de indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos pertencentes ao Programa de Atividade Física nas UBS e PSF do município de Rio Claro-SP

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Efeitos do exercício aeróbio prévio sobre a taxa de desenvolvimento de força em indivíduos ativos

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Efeitos da interação entre o uso de doses suprafarmacológicas de decanoato de nandrolona e do exercício físico sobre a próstata de ratos adultos

Os hormônios esteróides anabólico-androgênicos (EAA) compreendem a testosterona e seus derivados. Atletas e não atletas interessados em aumentar o desempenho esportivo, a força, a aparência física e a massa muscular têm utilizado esteróides anabólico-androgênicos sintéticos (EAAs) sem indicação médica. O uso de EAAs pode causar câncer de próstata, doença coronariana e esterilidade. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se os efeitos de altas doses de decanoato de nandrolona, do exercício físico resistido e da interação desses fatores sobre os lobos prostáticos de ratos machos adultos. Vinte ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais e tratados e pesados por oito semanas: Esteróide + Exercício (EE), Sedentário + Esteróide (ES), Veículo + Exercício (VE) e Veículo + Sedentário (VS). Eles receberam injeção i.m de decanoato de nandrolona (5mg/Kg) e veículo (propilenoglicol) (0,2 mL/Kg). O peso absoluto corpóreo e do lobo ventral da próstata foi aferido. Os lobos prostáticos foram coletados, dissecados e processados, empregando-se técnicas microscópicas (histológicas, histoquímicas e imunohistoquímicas) e morfométricas. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA bifatorial e Tukey (p<0,05). Alterações estatisticamente significativas nas massas corpórea, do lobo ventral, no índice de proliferação celular, na população de células basais e na análise dos volumes relativos dos componentes prostáticos (epitélio, estroma e lúmen) foram observadas. O decanoato de nandrolona determinou o aumento da proliferação celular, sugerindo o desenvolvimento da hiperplasia hormonal. De modo geral, as respostas não foram homogêneas para os parâmetros analisados, visto que os tecidos apresentam níveis de expressão de receptores de andrógenos, afinidade de ligação e vias metabólicas de conversão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise histomorfométrica do músculo cardíaco de ratos recém natos gerados por matrizes submetidas ao tabagismo passivo associado ao exercício

Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes heart changes, impaired fetal growth, spontaneous abortion and low birth weight. Even in pregnant women exposed to cigarette smoke these changes can be observed. But the exercise is to answer the increased fetal weight, besides the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness of the pregnant and the fetus. The objective of this study was to analyze the ventricular muscle of young rats subjected to passive smoking associated with aquatic exercise. For the experiments used 24 female rats were divided into: GC (control), GE (exercise protocol in the water), GF(exposed to cigarette smoke) and GEF (exercise protocol on water and exposed to cigarette smoke). On the same day was held the 1st session of the experimental phase of the protocol of exposure to cigarette smoke, which consisted of 30 minutes twice a day, six days a week for three weeks, followed by the first session of the swimming program... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)