1000 resultados para Estuário do Rio Caeté - PA
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The screening for genes in metagenomic libraries from soil creates opportunities to explore the enormous genetic and metabolic diversity of microorganisms. Rivers are ecosystems with high biological diversity, but few were examined using the metagenomic approach. With this objective, a metagenomic library was constructed from DNA soil samples collected at three different points along the Jundiaí-river (Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil). The points sampled are from open area, rough terrain and with the direct incidence of sunlight. This library was analyzed functionally and based in sequence. For functional analysis Luria-Bertani solid medium (LB) with NaCl concentration varied from 0.17M to 0.85M was used for functional analysis. Positives clones resistant to hypersaline medium were obtained. The recombinant DNAs were extracted and transformed into Escherichia coli strain DH10B and survival curves were obtained for quantification of abiotic stress resistance. The sequences of clones were obtained and submitted to the BLASTX tool. Some clones were found to hypothetical proteins of microorganisms from both Archaea and Bacteria division. One of the clones showed a complete ORF with high similarity to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase which participates in the synthesis of glycerol pathway and serves as a compatible solute to balance the osmotic pressure inside and outside of cells. Subsequently, in order to identify genes encoding osmolytes or enzymes related halotolerance, environmental DNA samples from the river soil, from the water column of the estuary and ocean were collected and pyrosequenced. Sequences of osmolytes and enzymes of different microorganisms were obtained from the UniProt and used as RefSeqs for homology identification (TBLASTN) in metagenomic databases. The sequences were submitted to HMMER for the functional domains identification. Some enzymes were identified: alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase, L-ectoina synthase (EctC), transaminase L-2 ,4-diaminobutyric acid (EctB), L-2 ,4-diaminobutyric acetyltransferase (EctA), L-threonine 3 dehydrogenase (sorbitol pathway), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, inositol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chaperones, L-proline, glycine betaine binding ABC transporter, myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase protein of proline simportadora / PutP sodium-and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase These proteins are commonly related to saline environments, however the identification of them in river environment is justified by the high salt concentration in the soil during prolonged dry seasons this river. Regarding the richness of the microbiota the river substrate has an abundance of halobacteria similar to the sea and more than the estuary. These data confirm the existence of a specialized response against salt stress by microorganisms in the environment of the Jundiaí river
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This thesis aims to investigating the cantadores and the toadas in the Boi Bumbá, debating questions which put together around the construction and performance of amo s and cantador s role in the Boi Bumbá Caprichoso of Belém-PA city and exploring the extent of toadas its characteristics, functions, the uses that are made of theirs and the relations that establishes between them and the cantadores. The problematic of the research consisted on analysing what the amos, cantadores and toadas represent in the whole context of boi-bumbá plays in Belém, nowadays. Considering this perspective, I tried to identify on Boi Caprichoso the most meaningful expressions which were related to toadas and how the roles of amo and cantador were performed. Participative observation, ethnical research, open and semistructured interviews were used as research methods. The role performances on Boi Caprichoso plays an essential part on the playing realization, highlighting themselves as pivotal characters. These performances, characterized by the vocal presence, also highlighted the size that toadas occupy in the whole play, and pointed the way for an emerging model of presentation, in which both toada and cantador appear as central figures
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No Pólo Rio Capim do programa PROAMBIENTE foram desencadeadas várias etapas metodológicas junto aos agricultores familiares como a elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento do Pólo (PD), Padrões de Certificação Socioambiental (PCSA), Diagnóstico Individual (DI), Plano de Utilização da unidade familiar (PU) e a construção de Acordos Comunitários (AC). Os resultados apontaram que as ferramentas metodológicas contribuem de forma significativa para produção e conservação ambiental do Pólo. Contudo, não se deve pressupor que essa metodologia seja uma solução simples para transição agroecológica. Neste sentido, é importante considerar os fatores de decisão (de caráter interno e externo) com os quais os agricultores deparam-se ao introduzir mudanças no uso da terra que serão capazes de fornecer maiores níveis produtivos e prestação de serviços ambientais o que denota a necessidade urgente de articulação entre políticas públicas agrícolas e ambientais.
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Para análises dos parâmetros hídricos e de vegetação com ênfases em pivôs de irrigação, usou-se o produto MODIS MOD13Q1, em conjunto com dados agrometeorológicos nas áreas envolvidas pelos municípios do Noroeste de Minas Gerais, dentro da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paracatu. A Evapotranspiração atual (ET) e a produção de biomassa (BIO) foram obtidas em toda a região de estudo sob diferentes condições termo hídricas, com aplicações do algoritmo SAFER e de Monteith. A produtividade da água (PA) nas áreas com pivôs, na maioria com a cultura do milho, foi estimada como a razão da BIO pela ET e e o resultado multiplicado pelo índice de colheita (IH) para dar a produtividade da água da cultura (PAC). A razão da ET para a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) foi utilizada na elaboração de um modelo relacionando o coeficiente de cultura (Kc) e os graus-dias acumulados (GDac). Os resultados indicaram que a dinâmica dos parâmetros biofísicos em diferentes agros-ecossistemas pode ser monitorada nas resoluções espacial de 250 m e temporal de 16 dias e que o Kc determinado com imagens MODIS usados operacionalmente no manejo de irrigação.
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Santarém é a terceira cidade em tamanho populacional do Pará, incluindo sua capital, Belém. Está localizada no oeste do estado e, historicamente, tem desempenhado importante papel no processo de ocupação desta porção do estado. Sua estratégica localização, na confluência dos rios Tapajós com o Amazonas e entre as cidades de Belém e Manaus lhe conferiu a função de entreposto comercial. A consolidação de Santarém como importante centro urbano da Amazônia, contou também com o extrativismo da borracha e da madeira, a cultura do cacau e os garimpos do Tapajós. Dentre estes fatores, destacamos ainda, a alocação de equipamentos previstos pelas políticas de integração, consumadas no II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (PND) para esta área com a construção do porto, do aeroporto internacional, da Hidrelétrica de Curuá-Una e a implantação das rodovias, a partir da década de 1970. Nesta década, verificou-se intenso processo de migração da população do campo em direção à cidade, fato que se acelerou fortemente na década de 1980, com a crise da produção de ouro dos garimpos do Tapajós. Após 2000, a introdução da cultura da soja promoveu novamente, a chegada na cidade de contingentes populacionais oriundos do campo. Deve-se ressaltar que nos seus primórdios, até a década de 1970, a orientação do crescimento da malha urbana era dada pelo rio, tendência que foi alterada, após a abertura das rodovias. Este fator se tornou àquele que mais influenciou a configuração espacial do crescimento da cidade, impulsionando o prolongamento do tecido urbano, desta vez para o interior, orientando-o, fundamentalmente, em três vetores: um no sentido da Rodovia Fernando Guilhon, outro no sentido da BR-163 (Cuiabá-Santarém) e um último, no sentido da Rodovia PA-370 (Santarém-Curuá-Una). As margens destes eixos começaram a ser ocupadas, sem, no entanto, haver planejamento ou ordenação de seu crescimento, o que resultou numa configuração de áreas com precariedade em infra-estrutura, saneamento e habitação, ocupadas por população de baixa renda e caracterizadas por intensa periferização. As gestões municipais pouco se preocuparam com muitos problemas gerados por esta urbanização de natureza periférica. Um deles estava relacionado ao bom andamento de qualquer gestão municipal, ou seja, não havia critérios muito elaborados sobre a delimitação territorial dos próprios bairros, dificultando assim, a própria gestão, como também, a concepção dos usos do solo. Desta forma, o Plano Diretor, como importante instrumento de normalização e regularização de uso do solo, exigido pelo Ministério das Cidades a partir de 2006, representará uma solução para questões cruciais para o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade. Entretanto, o Plano Diretor do Município de Santarém, aprovado em dezembro de 2006, caracteriza estas áreas de urbanização periférica, como constituintes da Zona Urbana, numa classificação que também abrange Zona de Expansão Urbana e Zona Rural. Não obstante, o Plano Diretor do Município também as inclui na delimitação dos bairros, como é o caso dos bairros da Área Verde, Ipanema e Maracanã, ao longo das rodovias Santarém-Curuá-Una, Santarém-Cuiabá e Fernando Guilhon, respectivamente. Contraditoriamente, o texto do Plano Diretor do Município de Santarém restringe a definição de bairro à existência de 70% da área urbanizada e construída; à existência de, no mínimo, três equipamentos públicos em pleno funcionamento; à demarcação dos lotes de forma alinhada com dimensões mínimas estabelecidas em lei; à abertura de vias de forma alinhada e conforme os limites de largura definidos em lei; e ao número mínimo de três entidades comunitárias para compor um Conselho Gestor. Nota-se, portanto, que o Plano Diretor do Município de Santarém define como bairros, determinadas áreas que não preenchem os requisitos para tal, inclusive, segundo o próprio texto do Plano, além de incluí-las na Zona Urbana, e este fato se complica, por estas áreas apresentarem características de ruralidade, especialmente àquelas que estão mais próximas do Lago Maicá ou àquelas que mais se distanciam da área central, ou seja, que se localizam em áreas de transição entre o espaço urbano e o rural, para as quais se adequaria designá-las como áreas urbano-rurais, marcadas potencialmente por uma urbanização extensiva. Desta feita, busca-se, neste estudo, analisar as contradições existentes entre os conteúdos dos Planos Diretores e a configuração real das cidades, especificamente o caso de Santarém, a fim de esclarecer as razões para tais incoerências. Para tal, serão realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, observações in loco, entrevistas com profissionais que trabalharam na equipe elaboradora do Plano Diretor Municipal, com técnicos da Coordenadoria de Desenvolvimento Urbano, da Secretaria Municipal de Infra-Estrutura da Prefeitura Municipal de Santarém, levantamentos fotográficos e, posterior sistematização dos dados e análise acerca da compatibilidade do Plano Diretor de Santarém com a realidade do município. A pesquisa encontra-se em fase adiantada de sistematização do material bibliográfico e documental e análise de material cartográfico. Ressalta-se a pertinência desse estudo, no momento oportuno, em que se vivencia a implantação efetiva dos Planos Diretores Municipais por todo o país, através das legislações complementares que deverão efetivar de fato, a consecução dos planos.
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1968
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Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding of the parasite-vector-host relationship.
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The taxonomic position of a bacterium isolated from water samples from the Rio Negro, in Amazon, Brazil, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism formed a distinct phyletic line in the Chromobacterium 16S rRNA gene tree and had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in this genus. It was found to be closely related to Chromobacterium vaccinii DSM 25150(T) (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity) and shared 98.5 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with Chromobacterium piscinae LGM 3947(T). DNA-DNA relatedness studies showed that isolate CBMAI 310(T) belongs to distinct genomic species. The isolate was readily distinguished from the type strain of these species using a combination of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties. Thus, based on genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that isolate CBMAI 310(T) (=DSM 26508(T)) be classified in the genus Chromobacterium as the type strain of a novel species, namely, Chromobacterium amazonense sp. nov.
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Gaseous mercury sampling conditions were optimized and a dynamic flux chamber was used to measure the air/surface exchange of mercury in some areas of the Negro river basin with different vegetal coverings. At the two forest sites (flooding and non-flooding), low mercury fluxes were observed: maximum of 3 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and minimum of -1 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. At the deforested site, the mercury fluxes were higher and always positive: maximum of 26 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and 17 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. Our results showed that deforestation could be responsible for significantly increasing soil Hg emissions, mainly because of the high soil temperatures reached at deforested sites.
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In this paper a water quality index is developed to subsidize management actions in the Atibaia River for upon protection of aquatic organisms. This index is composed of two measurable environmental parameters normaly, ammonia and dissolved oxygen, the latter representing the contribution of organic matter. Concentrations of these two variables were normalized on a scale from 0 to 100 and translated into statements of quality (excellent, good, regular, bad and very bad). The index was applied to three monitoring points in the Atibaia River and compared to other indices used by the State of São Paulo Environmental Agency (CETESB). The results showed that the degradation in this watershed follows the urban population density. The developed index is more restricted than the other ones routinely used to infer water quality.
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The copper and cadmium complexation properties in natural sediment suspensions of reservoirs of the Tietê River were studied using the solid membrane copper and cadmium ion-selective electrodes. The complexation and the average conditional stability constants were determined under equilibrium conditions at pH=6.00 ± 0.05 in a medium of 1.0 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The copper and cadmium electrodes presented Nernstian behavior from 1x10-6 to 1x10-3 mol L-1 of total metal concentration. Scatchard graphs suggest two classes of binding sites for both metals. A multivariate study was done to correlate the reservoirs and the variables: complexation properties, size, total organic carbon, volatile acid sulfide, E II and pH.
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The Orchidaceae is one of the largest flowering plants family and with a great importance to conservation. However, no survey on orchid flowers can be found in Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the objective of this work was to make a survey of the Orchidaceae species and of its ecology features in a riparian forest in a fragment of Floresta Estacional Semi-Decidual that belongs to the riparian forest of the Dourados River. The inventory was made by using a sweeping method for collection, and in addition to this the vertical and horizontal position of epiphytes were assessed on the hosts. For characterization of microclimate, it was used a thermohygrometer and luximeter. It was identified 17 species of 13 genera. Of the listed genera, the most abundant ones were: Acianthera, Macradenia and Capanemia. It was also noted a vertical and horizontal distribution of the Orchidaceae in relation to inverse gradient of water and light availability. Some species tended to be sensitive to height level categorization, whereas others seemed to occur with similar frequency along the host. In relation to the cardinal orientation, the apparent preferential response for south and east directions was associated to the low sampling effort and lower water availability, which could occur because the north face is opposed to the water body.
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Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.
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This work is a floristic survey of arboreous and climbing shrub taxa of Papilionoideae in a semideciduos forest at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, eastern Minas Gerais State. Field work was carried out from April/1998 to May/1999, when montly visits were conducted to collect botanical material along trails and of the main road. The floristic survey resulted in 22 taxa belonging to eight genera. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations and comments on the analyzed taxa are presented.
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Lianas are characteristic, abundant and ecologically important members of tropical forest but they have been neglected in floristics and phytossociological studies. This work presents a floristic survey of the lianas species at Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista (EENP), and a comparison of the list of species recorded in this work with those reported for other fragments of São Paulo state. The EENP (20º48'36'' S and 49º22'50'' W) is at 468 m of altitude and comprises an area of 168,43 ha, divided into three fragments of vegetation. Samples of lianas were collected in the interior and along the edges of the forest fragments. It was identified 105 species: 99 Magnoliopsida (60 genera and 22 families); six Liliopsida (three genera and three families). The richest families in species comprised 59% of the total of lianas sampled. The dendrogram of similarity showed a low similarity between the forest situated in the littoral (Atlantic Forest) and those located in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Some other authors, also analysing the similarity of forest of the interior and Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state, but considering only the trees reported similar result.