954 resultados para Er : YAB


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Die Verfolgung und Bekämpfung von grenzüberschreitender Kriminalität und die zunehmende justizielle Zusammenarbeit der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten in Strafsachen setzen eine verstärkte Einbeziehung von Dolmetschern und Übersetzern voraus. Die Aufgabe des Dolmetschers im Strafverfahren ist nicht zu unterschätzen, jedoch fand seine verantwortungsvolle Rolle in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Literatur bislang kaum Berücksichtigung. Diese Lücke versucht Christian Kranjčić mit seiner 2009 an der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Regensburg eingereichten Dissertation "... dass er treu und gewissenhaft übertragen werde." Zum Dolmetschen im Strafverfahren zu schließen.

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We present the experimental phase diagram of LiHoxEr1-xF4, a dilution series of dipolar-coupled model magnets. The phase diagram was determined using a combination of ac susceptibility and neutron scattering. Three unique phases in addition to the Ising ferromagnet LiHoF4 and the XY antiferromagnet LiErF4 have been identified. Below x = 0.86, an embedded spin-glass phase is observed, where a spin glass exists within the ferromagnetic structure. Below x = 0.57, an Ising spin glass is observed consisting of frozen needlelike clusters. For x ∼ 0.3–0.1, an antiferromagnetically coupled spin glass occurs. A reduction of TC(x) for the ferromagnet is observed which disobeys the mean-field predictions that worked for LiHoxY1-xF4.

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Neben einer hohen fachwissenschaftlichen Qualität kommt nicht-kognitiven Faktoren eine wichtige Funktion für Schule und Unterricht zu, da diese gleichermaßen wichtig für einen erfolgreichen Bildungsverlauf sind. Kinder und Jugendliche sollen sich deshalb in der Schule wohl fühlen können. Diese gilt es besonders zu beachten, da die Schule Gefahr läuft, sich zu einer negativen Institution für die Kinder und Jugendlichen zu entwickeln. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit soll – empirisch gestützt am Beispiel der An- alyse von positiven Einstellungen zur Schule und Freude in der Schule – Hinweise auf relevante Aspekte in Bezug auf die positive Gestaltung von Schule und Unterricht liefern.

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Previous studies have shown that Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) is an important indicator for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancers. However, the question remains as to the role of ERα in the cell in the presence versus absence of 17-β estradiol In this dissertation the role of ERα in both its unliganded and liganded state, with respect to the cell cycle will be explored. The cell line models used in this project are ER-positive MCF-7 cells with and without siRNA to ERα and ER-positive MDA-MB-231 cells that have been engineered to express ERα. Cells were synchronized and the cell cycle progression was monitored by flow cytometric analysis. Using these methods, two specific questions were addressed: Does ERα modulate the cell cycle differently under liganded versus unliganded conditions? And, does the presence of ERα regulate cell cycle phase transitions? The results show for the first time that ERα is cell cycle regulated and modulates the progression of cells through S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Ligand bound ERα increases progression through S and G2/M phases, whereas unliganded ERα acts as an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. To further investigate the cell cycle regulated effects of liganded ERα, a luciferase assay was performed and showed that the transcription of target genes such as Progestrone Receptor (PgR) and Trefoil protein (pS2) increased duing S and G2/M phases when ERα is bound to ligand. Additionally, complex formation between cyclin B and ER α was shown by immunoprecipitation and led to the discovery that anaphase promoting complex (APC) is the E3 ligase for both cyclin B and ERα at the termination of M phase. Our findings suggest that unliganded ERα has an inhibitory effect on the progression of the cell cycle. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the combination of drugs that lower estrogen level (such as aromatase inhibitors) and preserves ERα from degradation would provide better outcome for breast cancer treatment. We have shown that APC functions as the E3 ligase for ERα and thus might provide a target to design a specific inhibitor of ERα degradation.