Emissões de gases de efeito estufa em área de produção de arroz em função do manejo do solo e da cobertura vegetal.

2015

Carvão vegetal: de problema a solução sob holofotes negativos por casos de produção em condições inadequadas, biocombustível pode conferir sustentabilidade à produção de aço.

2015

Efeito de Pseudomonas chlororaphis sobre a podridão radicular (Pythium aphanidermatum)e o crescimento vegetal em pimentão hidropônico.

A podridão radicular causada por Pythium spp. é uma das principais doenças em cultivos hidropônicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de Pseudomonas chlororaphis (63-28) sobre a podridão radicular e o crescimento vegetal em pimentão hidropônico. Plantas de pimentão cv. 35-206 RZ foram cultivadas em unidades hidropônicas, e infestadas com P. chlororaphis sete dias antes da inoculação com o patógeno. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha, testemunha inoculada com o patógeno, P. chlororaphis, P. chlororaphis com a adição do patógeno. As variáveis avaliadas foram: severidade da doença, expansão foliar, clorofila foliar e incidência do patógeno. A severidade da doença decresceu em 51% nas plantas inoculadas com a bactéria aos 12 dias após a inoculação, em comparação com a testemunha inoculada. O conteúdo de clorofila decresceu em 12% nas plantas inoculadas com Pythium, em comparação com a testemunha. Plantas tratadas com P. chlororaphis sem a presença do patógeno tiveram maior taxa de expansão foliar. Conclui-se que P. chlororaphis é um promissor agente de controle biológico da podridão radicular e promotor de crescimento de pimentão hidropônico.

Avaliação da espécie vegetal Croton cajucara Benth como inibidor de biocorrosão em aço carbono Aisi 1020

Actually in the oil industry biotechnological approaches represent a challenge. In that, attention to metal structures affected by electrochemical corrosive processes, as well as by the interference of microorganisms (biocorrosion) which affect the kinetics of the environment / metal interface. Regarding to economical and environmental impacts reduction let to the use of natural products as an alternative to toxic synthetic inhibitors. This study aims the employment of green chemistry by evaluating the stem bark extracts (EHC, hydroalcoholic extract) and leaves (ECF, chloroform extract) of plant species Croton cajucara Benth as a corrosion inhibitor. In addition the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition of bioactive trans-clerodane dehydrocrotonin (DCTN) isolated from the stem bark of this Croton was also evaluated. For this purpose, carbon steel AISI 1020 was immersed in saline media (3,5 % NaCl) in the presence and absence of a microorganism recovered from a pipeline oil sample. Corrosion inhibition efficiency and its mechanisms were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. Culture-dependent and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize and identify bacterial species present in oil samples. The tested natural products EHC, ECF and DCTN (DMSO as solvent) in abiotic environment presented respectively, corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 57.6% (500 ppm), 86.1% (500 ppm) and 54.5% (62.5 ppm). Adsorption phenomena showed that EHC best fit Frumkin isotherm and ECF to Temkin isotherm. EHC extract (250 ppm) dissolved in a polar microemulsion system (MES-EHC) showed significant maximum inhibition efficiency (93.8%) fitting Langmuir isotherm. In the presence of the isolated Pseudomonas sp, EHC and ECF were able to form eco-compatible organic films with anti-corrosive properties

Acervo vegetal da botica do Mosteiro de Alcobaça – Espaço, proveniências e uso – notas preliminares

A Ordem de Cister, implantada em Portugal com o beneplácito de D. Afonso Henriques, cujo objetivo era proceder ao povoamento de grandes parcelas de território recentemente conquistado aos Mouros, surgiu quando em 8 de Abril de 1153, este doou ao Abade do Mosteiro de Claraval, S. Bernardo, com o privilégio de couto, o lugar de Alcobaça, estabelecendo assim a fundação de Abadia de Alcobaça que se tornou a Casa-Mãe da Ordem em Portugal. Esta ordem religiosa deixou, desde a sua fundação, marcas muito expressivas em áreas diversificadas, que vão desde a implantação de um número considerável de casas religiosas, à construção de edifícios de grande qualidade arquitetónica, ao povoamento e consolidação do território, ao ensino a vários níveis, incluindo o da agricultura com a introdução de práticas mais desenvolvidas e eficazes, à criação de boticas nos seus mosteiros para prestar auxílio não apenas às comunidades residentes, mas também à população em geral que acorria em busca de auxílio.

Extrato vegetal de cipó d'alho no controle in vitro de Thielaviopsis sp.

2016

Coleção de DNA vegetal da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental: inventário atual.

Várias estratégias de conservação de germoplasma estão disponíveis e devem ser conduzidas em conjunto para serem mais representativas e eficientes. Dentre elas tem-se a conservação de DNA, valiosa fonte de informações para subsidiar o manejo de Bancos Ativos de Germoplasma. Mas, para cumprir esse papel necessita ser inventariada e organizada. Assim, realizou-se o inventário das amostras de DNA vegetal conservadas na coleção da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. No período de maio a julho/2016 foi realizado inventário com 100% de cobertura das amostras de DNA vegetal que compõem a coleção de DNA da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental para serem organizadas por família, espécie e documentadas para viabilizar seu manejo. A coleção apresentou 9.574 amostras de DNA, sendo grande parte deles representantes de acessos dos BAG?s conservados em nível de campo. As amostras agregaram 8 famílias, 12 gêneros e 21 espécies, com a família Arecaceae sendo a melhor representada seguida da Euphorbiaceae. Portanto, essa coleção apresenta possibilidade de fornecer subsídios para o manejo dos BAG?s bem representados, além de fornecer políticas relacionadas à sua coleta, conservação, documentação e melhoramento genéticos das espécies.

Caracterização molecular de bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal isoladas de milho por meio da amplificação do Gene nifH perfis de ARDRA.

Há poucas informações a respeito da diversidade e do potencial biotecnológico dos micro-organismos do solo no Semiárido, em especial daqueles envolvidos com processo de fixação biológica de nitrogênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a diversidade de uma coleção de bactérias associadas ao milho (Zea mays L.) em solos do Semiárido. As bactérias foram avaliadas quanto à amplificação de um fragmento do gene nifH por meio de PCR e pela técnica de ARDRA. Dentre as 72 bactérias testadas, 47 foram considerados nifH positivos e a análise dos perfis de ARDRA mostrou que o local de origem dos isolados foi fator determinante para o agrupamento das bactérias.

Esgotamento dos recursos finitos - o caso do extrativismo vegetal na Amazônia.

1983

Intocabilidade, exploração econômica e depredação dos recursos naturais: o caso do extrativismo vegetal na Amazônia.

1985

Hyperspectral imaging and other optical techniques for (in-field/in-lab) physico-chemical attributes estimation of agri-food vegetal products

In the agri-food sector, measurement and monitoring activities contribute to high quality end products. In particular, considering food of plant origin, several product quality attributes can be monitored. Among the non-destructive measurement techniques, a large variety of optical techniques are available, including hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) range, which, due to the capacity to integrate image analysis and spectroscopy, proved particularly useful in agronomy and food science. Many published studies regarding HSI systems were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. In contrast, few studies describe the application of HSI technology directly in the field, in particular for high-resolution proximal measurements carried out on the ground. Based on this background, the activities of the present PhD project were aimed at exploring and deepening knowledge in the application of optical techniques for the estimation of quality attributes of agri-food plant products. First, research activities on laboratory trials carried out on apricots and kiwis for the estimation of soluble solids content (SSC) and flesh firmness (FF) through HSI were reported; subsequently, FF was estimated on kiwis using a NIR-sensitive device; finally, the procyanidin content of red wine was estimated through a device based on the pulsed spectral sensitive photometry technique. In the second part, trials were carried out directly in the field to assess the degree of ripeness of red wine grapes by estimating SSC through HSI, and finally a method for the automatic selection of regions of interest in hyperspectral images of the vineyard was developed. The activities described above have revealed the potential of the optical techniques for sorting-line application; moreover, the application of the HSI technique directly in the field has proved particularly interesting, suggesting further investigations to solve a variety of problems arising from the many environmental variables that may affect the results of the analyses.

Quantificação de fluxos de mercúrio gasoso na interface solo/atmosfera utilizando câmara de fluxo dinâmica: aplicação na bacia do Rio Negro

Gaseous mercury sampling conditions were optimized and a dynamic flux chamber was used to measure the air/surface exchange of mercury in some areas of the Negro river basin with different vegetal coverings. At the two forest sites (flooding and non-flooding), low mercury fluxes were observed: maximum of 3 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and minimum of -1 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. At the deforested site, the mercury fluxes were higher and always positive: maximum of 26 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and 17 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. Our results showed that deforestation could be responsible for significantly increasing soil Hg emissions, mainly because of the high soil temperatures reached at deforested sites.

Extraction, purification and biochemical characterization of a peroxidase from Copaifera langsdorffii leaves

The aim of this work is to obtain, purify and characterize biochemically a peroxidase from Copaifera langsdorffii leaves (COP). COP was obtained by acetone precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Purification yielded 3.5% of peroxidase with the purification factor of 46.86. The COP optimum pH is 6.0 and the temperature is 35 ºC. COP was stable in the pH range of 4.5 to 9.3 and at temperatures below 50.0 ºC. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) for guaiacol and H2O2 were 0.04 mM and 0.39 mM respectively. Enzyme turnover was 0.075 s-1 for guaiacol and 0.28 s-1 for hydrogen peroxide. Copaifera langsdorffii leaves showed to be a rich source of active peroxidase (COP) during the whole year. COP could replace HRP, the most used peroxidase, in analytical determinations and treatment of industrial effluents at low cost.

Caracterização reológica das diferentes fases de extrato de inulina de raízes de chicória, obtidas por abaixamento de temperatura

Inulin is a functional food ingredient, generally employed as sugar or fat substitute in food systems. This ingredient can be found in several vegetal products, including chicory roots. As the solubility of inulin is susceptible to temperature changes, the product suffers a fractionalization resulting in two phases when cooled, originating a precipitated phase, more viscose, and a liquid phase, of lesser viscosity. The study of rheological properties of different phases of inulin extract is important for equipment designing, such as mixer and bombs. In this work, rheological behavior at three different temperatures (25; 40 and 50 ºC) was determined for liquid and precipitated phases of inulin liquid extract, extracted from chicory roots by hot water diffusion and cooled at two different temperatures (8 and -10 ºC), suffering phases separation. The precipitated phase was analyzed in two conditions: pure and with the addition of microencapsulating agents (maltodextrin and hydrolized starch). All of them presented a linear behavior, similar to that of the Plastics of Bingham. Some of them, however, were not an adequate fit to this model.

Sistema de monitoramento de perdas visíveis de cana-de-açúcar em colhedora de cana picada

In the last few years the sugar-cane mechanical harvested area has increased, especially in regions with appropriated slop. The use of this technology brings some inconveniences, such as, the increase in the percentage of extraneous matter, which causes the reduction of technological quality of the raw material, and losses in the field. Extraneous matter (trash) is composed of tops and leaves in major percentage, plus soil and roots, and eventually some metal parts. In the green cane harvest system the percentage of extraneous matter has a tendency to increase due to the great amount of vegetal matter to be processed. The increase in the blower fan speed to reduce the amount of extraneous matter can lead to an unacceptable economic level of raw material losses. The main objective of this work was, using a cane loss monitor, to evaluate and quantify the amount of visible losses of sugar cane through the primary extractor at two different fan speeds. Afterwards these losses were related to the harvester cleaning efficiency. The piezoelectric transducer shows a reasonable sensibility. The results show that the cleaning efficiency in the primary extractor (85% mean), the cane losses (between 5.68% and 2.15%) and fan speed are interrelated. The total losses and specially splinters (between 3.19% and 0.91%), showed a significant difference among the treatments.