Efeito do consumo agudo de erva mate sobre o rendimento fisíco em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos da exaustão em jogadores profissionais de futebol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da idade cronológica e maturação sexual na velocidade de corrida no limiar de lactato de crianças e adolescentes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indicadores de stress e sobrecarga em cuidadores formais e informais de pacientes oncológicos

The present study aimed to identify the presence of indicators of stress, levels of stress and overload with the formal and informal caregivers of cancer patients. Participated in the survey 33 caregivers of cancer patients in total, 16 formal and 17 informal. To collect data, we used: 1) Roadmap for characterization of participants; 2) Inventory of Stress Symptoms Lipp - ISSL and 3) Protocol Zarit Burden Interview - ZBT. The results revealed that 43 % of informal carers were in the resistance phase, 29 % in the burnout stage, 14 % at the stage of exhaustion and almost 14 % in the alert phase. Formal caregivers 25 % are in the exhaustion phase and 75 % in the resistance. The overload has also performed on a larger scale in informal than formal caregivers, 47 % to 18,7 % charge respectively. However, the results revealed no statistically significant difference between groups for the incidence of stress but indicated a difference against overloading pointing out that professional caregivers in the incidence is lower. The results suggest the need to implement support for informal and formal caregivers programs, develop coping strategies, handling the situations of overload and stress, aiming to better quality of life for the caregiver, and consequently for the patient who is receiving care.

Prevalence of burnout syndrome in clinical nurses at a hospital of excellence

Background: Burnout syndrome can be defined as long-term work stress resulting from the interaction between constant emotional pressure associated with intense interpersonal involvement for long periods of time and personal characteristics. We investigated the prevalence/propensity of Burnout syndrome in clinical nurses, and the factors related to Burnout syndrome-associated such as socio-demographic characteristics, work load, social and family life, leisure activities, extra work activities, physical activities, and work-related health problems. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, quantitative, prospective epidemiological study with 188 surgical clinic nurses. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which is a socio-demographic questionnaire and the most widely used instrument to assess Burnout syndrome (three basic dimensions: emotional exhaustion, despersonalization and professional underachievement). The socio-demographic profile questionnaire wascomposed of questions regarding identification, training, time at work, work characteristics and personal circumstances. Results: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome was higher (10.1%) and 55, 4% of subjects had a propensity to develop this syndrome. The analysis of the socio-demographic profile of the nurse sample studied showed that most nurses were childless married women, over 35 years of age, working the day shift for 36 hours weekly on average, with 2-6 years of post-graduation experience, and without extra employments. Factors such as marital status, work load, emotion and work related stress aggravated the onset of the syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence and propensity of Burnout syndrome were high. Some factors identified can be useful for the adoption of preventive actions in order to decrease the prevalence of the clinical nurses Burnout syndrome.

Hot turning of a difficult-to-machine steel (sae xev-f) aided by infrared radiation

A possible way for increasing the cutting tool life can be achieved by heating the workpiece in order to diminish the shear stress of material and thus decrease the machining forces. In this study, quartz electrical resistances were set around the workpiece for heating it during the turning. In the tests, heat-resistant austenitic alloy steel was used, hardenable by precipitation, mainly used in combustion engine exhaustion valves, among other special applications for industry. The results showed that in the hot machining the cutting tool life can be increased by 340% for the highest cutting speed tested and had a reduction of 205% on workpiece surface roughness, accompanied by a force decrease in relation to conventional turning. In addition, the chips formed in hot turning exhibited a stronger tendency to continuous chip formation indicating less energy spent in material removal process. Microhardness tests performed in the workpieces subsurface layers at 5 m depth revealed slightly higher values in the hot machining than in conventional, showing a tendency toward the formation of compressive residual stress into plastically deformed layer. The hot turning also showed better performance than machining using cutting fluid. Since it is possible to avoid the use of cutting fluid, this machining method can be considered better for the environment and for the human health.

Carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation modulates the Th1/Th2 balance after exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 4500 m

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation, or a combination of the two, on the immune system and inflammatory parameters after exercise in simulated hypoxic conditions at 4500 m.Methods: Nine men underwent three sessions of exercise at 70% VO2(peak) until exhaustion as follows: 1) hypoxia with a placebo; 2) hypoxia with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after; and 3) hypoxia after 6 d of glutamine supplementation (20 g/d) and supplementation with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after. All procedures were randomized and double blind. Blood was collected at rest, immediately before exercise, after the completion of exercise, and 2 h after recovery. Glutamine, cortisol, cytokines, glucose, heat shock protein-70, and erythropoietin were measured in serum, and the cytokine production from lymphocytes was measured.Results: Erythropoietin and interleukin (IL)-6 increased after exercise in the hypoxia group compared with baseline. IL-6 was higher in the hypoxia group than pre-exercise after exercise and after 2 h recovery. Cortisol did not change, whereas glucose was elevated post-exercise in the three groups compared with baseline and pre-exercise. Glutamine increased in the hypoxia + carbohydrate + glutamine group after exercise compared with baseline. Heat shock protein-70 increased post-exercise compared with baseline and pre-exercise and after recovery compared with pre-exercise, in the hypoxia carbohydrate group. No difference was observed in IL-2 and IL-6 production from lymphocytes. IL-4 was reduced in the supplemented groups.Conclusion: Carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation shifts the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance toward Th1 responses after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. The nutritional strategies increased in IL-6, suggesting an important anti-inflammatory effect. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reprodutibilidade das respostas metabólicas e cardiorrespiratórias fisiológicas em um protocolo de exercício intermitente realizado com recuperação passiva e ativa

The main objective of this study was to analyze the reliability of blood lactate concentration ([La]), oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (FC) in an intermittent protoco, performed at 95%VO2max with passive or active recovery in untrained subjects. Participated of this study, active healthy males with 20 to 25 years, which were doing aerobic exercises witha weekly frequency of 3 sessions at least. The individulas performed, in different days, the following protocols in a cyclergometer: 1) An incremental test until exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the intensity at VO2max; b) Two transitions at 95%VO2max for the determination of the VO2 kinetics parameters and; c) Two intermittent tests until exhaustion, with repetitions at 95% IVO2max and with durantion defined as being half of the duration of the slow component. The duration of the recovery was half of the duration of the effort (effort:pause of 2:1). This test was performed with passive (GP) and active recovery (GA). The VO2 and FC were measured continulously in both tests. Blood collections were performed for the determination of the [La]. There was significant correlação in both groups for VO2 (ATIVA - 0.94, PASSIVA - 0.75), [La] (ATIVA - 0.83, PASSIVA - 0.90) and FC (0.93) only for the passive group. Thus, it can be concluded that the cardiorrespiratory and metabolic responses present good realiability in an intermittent exercise with active or passive recovery

Análise de variáveis eletromiográficas e cinemáticas em protocolo incremental de corrida na esteira

Muscle fatigue is described as a cause of injuries among the many related to the running practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the amplitude (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of EMG signal of the iliocostalis (CI), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) biceps femoris (long head) (BFCL), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (lateral) (LNG) from the right lower limb, and the behavior of the parameters of amplitude (AP) and frequency (PF) spent in different percentages of the maximum speed during incremental protocol of treadmill running. 10 volunteers participated in this study, athletes, male, aged between 18 and 30 years with no history of injury in lower limbs and similar anthropometry. The protocol consisted of a treadmill test with initial velocity of 10 km.h-¹ and increments of 1 km.h-¹ each three minutes until volitional exhaustion, without rest interval. Synchronized collections were made of electromyographic and kinematic data. The signals were obtained through an acquisition module of biological signals (Telemyo 900 - Noraxon - USA) and software (Myoresearch - Noraxon - USA) calibrated with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, gain 2000 times. The raw data were filtered with a 60Hz notch filter, high pass and low pass 20Hz to 500Hz. To capture the image was used a digital video recorder (model NV-GS320, PANASONIC brand), and for image scanning and kinematic data collection was used the software Peak Motus 9.0 (ViconPeak). To obtain the values of RMS and FM analyzed the last ten passes of each speed through a specific routine (Matlab). To obtain these variables AP (m) and FP (stride I min) were analyzed for the last ten past each speed, using specific software (Peak Motus 9.0). After verification of data normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity of the data (Levene), the comparison ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeito do exercício prévio na determinação da potência crítica

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of previous exercise on the determination of critical power (CP). Seven apparently healthy nontrained males, of 18 to 25 years, participated of this study. The subjects were submitted, in different days to the following protocols in a cyclergometer: 1) one progressive test until voluntary exhaustion for the determination of lactate threshold (LL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and its corresponding intensity (IVO2max); 2) six constant workload tests at 95,100 and 110% IVO2max until exhaustion with and without a previous exercise at 70% , in random order. The exhaustion times (tlim) at 95, 100 and 110% IVO2max were adjusted forme thress models of two parameters to estimate CP and anaerobic work capacity (AWC) [P=CTAn/tlim)+CP; tlim = CTAn/(P-PC); P=PC.tlim+ CTAn]. The model with the lowest standard error was considered for the estimation of CP. The tlim at 95% IVO2max was similar without (501 ± 140 s) and with previous exercise (473 ± 99 s). However, the tlim at 100% (381 ± 103 s and 334 ± 101 s) and 110% IVO2max (267 ± 163 s and 227 ± 68 s) was significantly longer with previous exercise. There was no significant difference in CP and AWCat conditions without (200 ± 27 W and 23 ± 11 kJ, respectively) and with previous exercise (212 ± 30 W and 18 ± 8 kJ, respectively). It can be concluded that the parameters of the relationship between power and time were not modified by the previous severe exercise

Efeito do pacing e do exercício prévio na performance aeróbia

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of prior exercise on different intensity distribution strategies (pacing). The study included five male individuals, apparently healthy, aged between 18 and 25 years, and without regular practice of physical activities. The subjects were tested on different days following the protocols on a cycle ergometer: 1) a progressive ramp test, 2) three constant load tests in the intensities of 85%, 90% and 95% IVO2max to exhaustion, and 3) six tests with and without holding a prior exercise intensity of 70%  with different strategies for Even-intensity pace, ES (401 ± 70 W), which consists of an exercise at a pace and / or constant intensity from beginning to end; where intensity is initially increased to 10% less than the ES progressively increase to reach 10% above the intensity of ES, and; Fast-start; FS, where there is a reversal in the way of distributing intensity, ie the initial intensity is 10% higher than the value of ES decreased progressively to 10% below that ES. All these tests were performed in random order. The tlim with previous exercise was significantly shorter than without previous exercise at FS condition (p < 0.05). The VO2final obtained at ES condition was similar with (3243 ± 599 ml.min-1) and without (3252 ± 384 ml.min-1) previous aerobic exercise (p > 0.05). However, the VO2final obtained at FS condition was higher with (3291 ± 218 ml.min-1) than without (3097 ± 207 ml.min-1) previous aerobic exercise (p < 0.05). The heart rate was higher at ES condition with than without previous aerobic exercise (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in this variable for FS condition with and without previous aerobic exercise (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the results the previous exercise (70%) achieved lasting 6 minutes followed by 6 minutes of recovery appears to influence / commit ting the conditions during the pacing for this population

Prevalência das enteroparasitoses em escolares após Programa de Saneamento Ambiental (Bahia Azul) realizado em Salvador, BA

Introduction: The intestinal parasites continue to represent a significant public health problem, due to the large number of infected people and the various organic changes that can cause. The intestinal parasites become more prevalent in villages with high population density absence or inadequacy of sanitation and adequate, and personal hygiene practices and inadequate housing. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia duodenalis in children of school age (7-14 years) living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, which were part of the Environmental Sanitation Program (Bahia Azul) covering eight different sewage basins in the years 1997/1998 and 2003/2004. Methods: Data were collected pre-coded questionnaire administered to the parents of students, collecting information socioeconomic, environmental and housing conditions. Stool samples were analyzed for each school in the Laboratory of Parasitology of the ISC, UFBA. The database was built and analyzed by Epi Info program (version 3.5.1/2008) were built where overall prevalence rate and Basin depletion of parasites. We compared the overall prevalence rates (at least one parasite) before and after the intervention health, as well as species of parasite. Results: The overall prevalence before the intervention was 56,2% (N = 729) and 42,5% after the intervention (N = 890), down -24,5%. The prevalence observed for each species A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and G. duodenalis before intervention was respectively 31,4%, 35,8% and 9,9% respectively after the intervention and 24,4%, 28,8% and 6,0%. In relation to variations in prevalence were found to decrease A. lumbricoides, T. Trichiura and G. duodenalis respectively -22,4%, -19,7% and -39,7%. When the results were compared by Basin exhaustion, it was observed that the greatest variation with reduction occurred among students Basin M. Camurujipe to at least one parasite (-51,4%), ...

Efeito da manipulação do feedback da percepção subjetiva de esforço esperada na percepção subjetiva de esforço e no desempenho de adultos de diferentes faixas etárias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência do exercício prévio pesado na performance aeróbia de curta duração realizada com diferentes estratégias de distribuição da intensidade em indivíduos treinados e não treinados no ciclismo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alguns fundamentos de organização do currículo para a escola democratizada: pistas históricas e perspectivas necessárias

Taking for granted that the trajectory of the process of democratization of Brazilian school is in evidence and in a moment of no return, thinking about your model becomes necessary and urgent relevance. Presents some specific elements of historical course, facing circumstances and moments that established milestones in the construction of the school curriculum in Brazil and directed the mentality of the pedagogical. The thought is present democratizing steadily, but still, is so inconclusive in academic and theoretically fragile in the school routine. Along the way the great complexity of this issue begins to reveal, for some traits, their chances for overcoming an institutional model in a state of exhaustion.

Burnout em dentistas do serviço público: ter ou não ter, eis a questão!

Objective: the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in dentists in the public service in the city of Araraquara – SP and its association with the variables of interest. Material and method: The sample was made up of the dentists active in the public health network (n = 60). Socio-demographic data was collected. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was used. Result: Of the participants, 60.0% were female and the average age was 41.9 ± 7.6 years. A large number of the professionals displayed a normal perception of the work conditions, premises, materials and equipment. 63.3% of the individuals feel tired even before arriving for work, 58.3% need more time to relax and to feel better, 70.0% are unable to deal well with the pressures of work, 50.0% feel they have no energy during or after work and 86.7% do not consider the work to be a positive challenge. It was observed that 48.3% of dentists displayed Burnout Syndrome, 11.7% Detachment and 13.3% Exhaustion. There was a significant association between the presence of Burnout and gender (p = 0.020) and the work premises (p = 0.011), with men being the most affected and those that considered the work premises very poor. Conclusion: It was concluded that the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among dentists is high, with men and those who consider the work premises bad being the most affected.