Near and distant connection of atmospheric systems to ocean temperature change in the coastal California Current region

In studying hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere interactions, it is useful to focus on specific subsystem processes and energy exchanges (forcing). Since subsystem scales range over ten orders of magnitude, it may be difficult to focus research on scales that will yield useful results in terms of establishing causal and predictive connections between more easily and less easily observed subsystems. In an effort to find pertinent scales, we have begun empirical investigations into relationships between atmospheric, oceanic, and biological systems having spatial scales exceeding 10^3 kilometers and temporal scales of six months or more.

A new low-power highly linear mixer design using differential derivative superposition

This paper presents the analysis and design of a new low power and highly linear mixer topology based on a newly reported differential derivative superposition method. Volterra series and harmonic balance are employed to investigate its linearisation mechanism and to optimise the design. A prototype mixer has been designed and is being implemented in 0.18μm CMOS technology. Simulation shows this mixer achieves 19.7dBm IIP3 with 10.5dB conversion gain, 13.2dB noise figure at 2.4GHz and only 3.8mW power consumption. This performance is competitive with already reported mixers.

Active Voltage Control on series connection of IGBTs and diode recovery optimization

In this paper an Active Voltage Control (AVC) technique is presented, for series connection of insulated-gate-bipolar-transistors (IGBT) and control of diode recovery. The AVC technique can control the switching trajectory of an IGBT according to a pre-set reference signal. In series connections, every series connected IGBT follows the reference and so that the dynamic voltage sharing is achieved. Another key advantage for AVC is that by changing the reference signal at turn-on, the diode recovery can be optimised. © 2010 IEEE.

Differential expression of the Brunol/CELF family genes during Xenopus laevis early development

The BRUNOL/CELF family of RNA-binding proteins plays important roles in post-transcriptional regulation and has been implicated in several developmental processes. In this study, we describe the cloning and expression patterns of five Brunol genes in Xenopus laevis. Among them, only Brunol2 is maternally expressed and the zygotic expression of the other four Brunol genes starts at different developmental stages. During Xenopus development, Brunol1, 4-5 are exclusively expressed in the nervous system including domains in the brain, spinal cord, optic and otic vesicles. Brunol2 and 3 are expressed in both the somatic mesoderm and the nervous system. Brunol2 is also extensively expressed in the lens. In transfected Hela cells, BRUNOL1, 2 and 3 proteins are localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, while BRUNOL4 and 5 are only present in the cytoplasm, indicating their different functions.

Differential population structuring and demographic history of two closely related fish species, Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) in Northwestern Pacific

The Quaternary cold periods in the Northwestern Pacific are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in marine fishes. To estimate the demographic history and genetic structure of Lateolabrax macula

Differential selection on gene translation efficiency between the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii and yeasts

Background: The filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii grows into a multicellular mycelium that is distinct from the unicellular morphology of its closely related yeast species. It has been proposed that genes important for cell cycle regulation play central