Issuance of patient reminders for influenza vaccination by US-based primary care physicians during the first year of universal influenza vaccination recommendations.

To estimate the number of physician-reported influenza vaccination reminders during the 2010-2011 influenza season, the first influenza season after universal vaccination recommendations for influenza were introduced, we interviewed 493 members of the Physicians Consulting Network. Patient vaccination reminders are a highly effective means of increasing influenza vaccination; nonetheless, only one quarter of the primary care physicians interviewed issued influenza vaccination reminders during the first year of universal vaccination recommendations, highlighting the need to improve office-based promotion of influenza vaccination.

RHAMM-R3 peptide vaccination in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma elicits immunologic and clinical responses.

The receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM) is an antigen eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and multiple myeloma (MM). We initiated a phase 1 clinical trial vaccinating 10 patients with R3 (ILSLELMKL), a highly immunogenic CD8(+) T-cell epitope peptide derived from RHAMM. In 7 of 10 patients, we detected an increase of CD8(+)/HLA-A2/RHAMM R3 tetramer(+)/CD45RA(+)/CCR7(-)/CD27(-)/CD28(-) effector T cells in accordance with an increase of R3-specific CD8(+) T cells in enzyme linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. In chromium release assays, a specific lysis of RHAMM-positive leukemic blasts was shown. Three of 6 patients with myeloid disorders (1/3 AML, 2/3 MDS) achieved clinical responses: one patient with AML and one with MDS showed a significant reduction of blasts in the bone marrow after the last vaccination. One patient with MDS no longer needed erythrocyte transfusions after 4 vaccinations. Two of 4 patients with MM showed a reduction of free light chain serum levels. Taken together, RHAMM-R3 peptide vaccination induced both immunologic and clinical responses, and therefore RHAMM constitutes a promising target for further immunotherapeutic approaches. This study is registered at http://ISRCTN.org as ISRCTN32763606 and is registered with EudraCT as 2005-001706-37.

Las Obras hidráulicas en los sistemas fluviales de la Costa Brava: preferencias locales y limitaciones de un modelo convencional de adaptación al riesgo de inundación

Este artículo tiene por finalidad analizar las medidas de adaptación al riesgo de inundación que se han realizado en el ámbito de la Costa Brava, con especial incidencia en el papel que han tenido las obras de infraestructura hidráulica en la prevención de avenidas. Se intenta comprobar hasta que punto la percepción local dominante sobre las obras hidráulicas como una de las formas más eficientes pera la prevención de inundaciones se contradice con las nuevas tendencias tanto en relación a los costes ecológicos de la construcción de estos dispositivos hidráulicos como al planeamiento urbanístico y fluvial, en general

Des masques cultuels au masque muséifié : leurs usages et représentations à travers l'itinéraire d'un chercheur

INTRODUCTION «Des masques cultuels au masque muséifié :leurs usages et représentations à travers l'itinéraire d'un chercheur» est le résultat de l'analyse de ma propre expérience des masques utilisés dans le cadre des cérémonies religieuses au village puis dans les manifestations ludiques et scientifiques (festivals et expositions). Cette expérience, je l'ai vécue de manière concrète durant mon enfance dans mon milieu d'origine, au village de Moundasso, département de Dédougou (Burkina Faso), en pays bwa, puis au cours de ma formation d'historien à l'Université de Ouagadougou et de mes premières recherches anthropologiques. J'ai donc d'abord vécu les cérémonies de masques de manière intime dans mon entourage familial au village. Je me suis ensuite engagé dans une recherche ethnologique comparant les masques du pays bwa avec ceux d'Appenzell, en Suisse alémanique, découverts par le hasard d'une carte postale reçue au Burkina par un ami genevois. La surprise provoquée par les ressemblances qui me sautaient aux yeux m'a conduit à entreprendre le voyage vers ces Préalpes lointaines, à me lancer dans ma première exposition à Genève, à faire voyager celle-ci en la ramenant au pays bwa et en utilisant le résultat de mes interrogations pour une mise en valeur des masques aussi bien dans le cadre de mon village d'origine qu'en dehors de celui-ci, dans un festival biennal organisé à Dédougou, puis dans d'autres musées au Burkina Faso et en Europe. La conjugaison de cette double expérience des masques cultuels et profanes m'a amené à vouloir confronter les différents enjeux impliqués :affirmation des identités locales, régionales, nationales, appropriation des patrimoines culturels des peuples dans le cadre des collections et des musées internationaux, réappropriation de ces patrimoines par les acteurs autochtones. Le masque, considéré par de nombreux chercheurs en sciences humaines comme un phénomène social universel, se trouve aujourd'hui au carrefour de multiples intérêts identitaires, patrimoniaux, économiques, religieux, profanes, esthétiques, scientifiques. Au fur et à mesure de la progression de mon travail, il m'a amené au coeur des problématiques qui agitent une anthropologie des objets, et des cultures qui les portent, aujourd'hui en pleine crise. C'est à débroussailler ces problèmes que la présente recherche doit être utile. 1. Problématique et hypothèse Mon approche part de l'hypothèse suivante ainsi résumée :les intérêts multiples portés aux masques participent à la transformation rapide de leurs fonctions coutumières, à leur passage du domaine religieux au domaine profane. Les nouvelles fonctions des masques de mon village et de ma région sont liées à différents facteurs interdépendants, parmi lesquels mon propre rôle m'apparaît comme non négligeable. En effet, mon statut d'acteur du village et ma position de chercheur en anthropologie me permettent, d'une part, de rendre compte des multiples enjeux du masque à partir de plusieurs points de vue, de la plus grande proximité jusqu'à la distance exigée par la discipline anthropologique; ils m'amènent d'autre part à agir avec les masques dans deux registres différents, en jouant moi-même un rôle essentiel dans les changements des pratiques en cours, comme dans le questionnement anthropologique lui-même.

Maintenance of neuronal expression of calbindin by a muscular extract in cultures of chick dorsal root ganglion cells.

Calbindin D-28K is a calcium-binding protein which is expressed by subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion cells cultured from 10-day-old (E10) chick embryos. After 7 or 10 days of culture, more than 20% of the ganglion cells are immunostained by an anticalbindin-antiserum; however, after 14 days of culture, the proportion drops to 10%. This fall can be prevented by addition of muscle extract to cultures at 10 days. Thus the transitory expression of calbindin-immunoreactivity by responsive sensory neurons would be not only induced but also maintained by a differentiation factor of muscular origin.

Changes of beta-amyloid precursor protein splice patterns in brain cell aggregate cultures.

The splice pattern of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) has been studied in a variety of neuronal and glial cells and in brain cell aggregate cultures by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The brain-typical pattern, in which beta-APP695 is the dominant form, has been found only in aggregate cultures but not in any of the other cell types including neuronal cell lines. Selective elimination of glial cells from aggregates resulted in increased quantities of beta-APP695, whereas removal of neurons led to a reduction of beta-APP695 and to an elevation of beta-APP751 and beta-APP770. This shift of splice pattern was not observed in cocultures of the neuronal cell line PC 12 with primary astrocytes combined in a variety of cellular ratios. Blood serum, which is an essential component of these cultures, tested on aggregates, did not reduce the amount of beta-APP695 or have any marked effects on splice patterns generally. From these results it is concluded that investigations on brain-typical splicing of beta-APP require primary neurons. Neuronal cell lines may be no suitable model systems. Splicing events favoring production of beta-APP695 may mark an important, very early step of amyloid formation in the brain.

Determinación de sistemas de flujo regionales y locales en las depresiones tectónicas del Baix Empordà y La Selva (NE de España) en base a datos hidroquímicos e isotópicos

The Baix Empordà-Selva-Gavarres aquifer system is related to the fault set that created the tectonic basins of Empordà and Selva areas (NE Spain) during the Neogene. In this work, we describe groundwater hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopical (3H, δD, δ18O, and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio) characteristics of this system in order to illustrate the relevance of fault zones in groundwater flow-paths and the recharge. In that way, we identify two flow systems, with distinct hydrochemistry and isotopes. A local flow system originates at the Gavarres Range, and it flows towards the basins of the Baix Empordà and Selva, with an approximate residence time of 20 years. Additionally, a regional flow system has only been identified in the Selva basin. This one is related to the main fault zones, as preferential flow paths. Its recharge is located in mountain ranges with higher altitudes, namely the Transversal and Guilleries Ranges, with residence times larger than 50 years. Isotopical data has also shown mixing processes between both flow systems and rainfall recharge while multivariate statistical analysis of principal components has shown the main processes that control hydrochemistry of each flow systems

Las Autoridades locales como actores constructores de paz en el marco de la cooperación descentralizada

La actividad internacional de los gobiernos locales ha traído consigo nuevos debates que cuestionan a los estados como únicos representantes de las relaciones internacionales. Las tendencias actuales del sistema internacional muestran ciudades fortalecidas que han ido adquiriendo un rol cada vez más importante en la construcción del desarrollo de las naciones. Por tanto, este documento aspira contribuir al debate sobre la necesidad de que los gobiernos locales se involucren más en la construcción de paz a través de la cooperación descentralizada bajo un enfoque de reciprocidad, beneficio mutuo e interés mutuo. En síntesis, hay un interés particular por analizar las autoridades locales como actores potenciales para el fortalecimiento de una paz positiva en un contexto en el cual las estrategias de desarrollo se empiezan a pensar cada vez más desde lo local.

Advances in vaccination against Helicobacter pylori.

A vaccination against Helicobacter pylori may represent both prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to the control of H. pylori infection. Different protective H. pylori-derived antigens, such as urease, vacuolating cytotoxin A, cytotoxin-associated antigen, neutrophil-activating protein and others can be produced at low cost in prokaryote expression systems and most of these antigens have already been administered to humans and shown to be safe. The recent development by Graham et al. of the model of H. pylori challenge in humans, the recent published clinical trials and the last insight generated in animal models of H. pylori infection regarding the immune mechanisms leading to vaccine-induced Helicobacter clearance will facilitate the evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy of H. pylori vaccine candidates in Phase II and III clinical trials.

Lead acetate toxicity in vitro: Dependence on the cell composition of the cultures.

It is well known that exposure to low doses of lead causes long-lasting neurobehavioural deficits, but the cellular changes underlying these behavioural changes remain to be elucidated. A protective role of glial cells on neurons through lead sequestration by astrocytes has been proposed. The possible modulation of lead neurotoxicity by neuron-glia interactions was examined in three-dimensional cultures of foetal rat telencephalon. Mixed-brain cell cultures or cultures enriched in either neurons or glial cells were treated for 10 days with lead acetate (10(-6) m), a concentration below the limit of cytotoxicity. Intracellular lead content and cell type-specific enzyme activities were determined. It was found that in enriched cultures neurons stored more lead than glial cells, and each cell type alone stored more lead than in co-culture. Moreover, glial cells but not neurons were more affected by lead in enriched culture than in co-culture. These results show that neuron-glia interactions attenuate the cellular lead uptake and the glial susceptibility to lead, but they do not support the idea of a protective role of astrocytes.