895 resultados para Cardiovascular Health


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La enfermedad cardiovascular y la enfermedad coronaria son uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en el mundo. Miles de personas fallecen por esta causa, a pesar de que ambas son prevenibles, en 1990 en EEUU 916.000 personas murieron

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En Estados Unidos desde el año 1900, las enfermedades cardiovasculares han sido la principal causa de muerte. Según la American Heart Association, una de cada 5 personas sufre de algún tipo de enfermedad cardiovascular.1 En Bogotá fueron la segunda causa de muerte desde el año 1998 hasta el 2002. Diseño cuasi-experimental sin grupo control equivalente, comparando antes y después de un programa de acondicionamiento físico, mets, perfiles lipídicos, glicemia e IMC en población de Seguros Alfa S.A., Seguros de Vida Alfa S.A. y Sadinsa.

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La incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedad y riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) se incrementan con los años, como consecuencia de la falta de control en los factores de riesgo modificables, por ejemplo el sedentarismo, principalmente observado en trabajadores de oficina. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar los factores asociados con el incremento del RCV en trabajadores de una empresa del estado en Bogotá, Colombia en el año 2013, a través de un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a partir de una base de datos suministrada por la empresa con información de 272 trabajadores. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, perfil ocupacional, factores de riesgo, historia clínica y medidas metabólicas. Los datos fueron estudiados a través de análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado de regresión logística binaria. El 100% de los empleados tiene un contrato a término indefinido, siendo el género femenino más predominante. Se identificó que el RCV presente en el 11.8% de la población se asocia principalmente con la presencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (ORA 9.97; IC95% 2.14-14.96, p=0.019), la alteración en el índice de masa corporal (ORA 5.67; IC95% 4.48-9.19, p=0.026), la hipertensión arterial sistólica (ORA 3.44; IC95% 2.21-4.01, p=0.037. Además hubo una relación inversa respecto al puntaje de la escala Framingham, donde menores puntajes se asociaron a menor RCV (ORA 0.04; IC95% 0.02-0.71, p=0.029), una vez se ajustó el modelo por edad, género y antigüedad en la empresa. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el RCV, el cargo y la antigüedad laboral. Se concluye que en esta población trabajadora, independientemente de la edad, tiempo de antigüedad en la empresa y el género, los factores de riesgo clásicos para RCV están presentes y por lo tanto se deben iniciar medidas de promoción y prevención en aras de disminuir la probabilidad que el RCV encontrado se traduzca en un evento cardiovascular y de ésta manera optimizar la productividad en esta empresa.

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Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo cardiovascular de los trabajadores de una empresa de hidrocarburos (E.H) mediante la aplicación de la escala Framingham REGICOR durante el año 2014. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo tipo corte transversal a partir de los registros de 700 trabajadores de una empresa de hidrocarburos que tenían una historia clínica laboral con información completa. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 33,6 años (σ 9,1). Se encontró una prevalencia de HTA (1,4%), tabaquismo (5,7%), hábito de tomar licor (66,4%) y exceso de peso (61,6%). La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo fue de 1.71% y 5.7% respectivamente, de hipercolesterolemia el 39,00%, de hipertrigliceridemia del 30,14% y el 20,00% de los trabajadores son obesos. El 3,00% (21) de los trabajadores fueron clasificados como de riesgo moderado de sufrir un evento isquémico o hemorrágico en un periodo de 10 años. A pesar que ningún trabajador fue clasificado como riesgo alto, se recomienda se realicen actividades tendientes a que a los trabajadores generen conciencia sobre los riesgos de desarrollar un evento cardiovascular si no se modifican los estilos de vida.

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El objetivo fue evaluar la intervención de las alertas en la prescripción de diclofenaco. Estudio observacional, comparativo, post intervención, de un antes después, en pacientes con prescripción de diclofenaco. Se evaluó la intervención de las alertas restrictivas antes y después de su implementación en los pacientes prescritos con diclofenaco y que tenían asociado un diagnóstico de riesgo cardiovascular según CIE 10 o eran mayores de 65 años. Un total de 315.135 transacciones con prescripción de diclofenaco, en 49.355 pacientes promedio mes. El 94,8% (298.674) de las transacciones fueron prescritas por médicos generales.

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A través de casos específicos, este reportaje radial expone las diferencias existentes en el acceso al derecho fundamental de la salud por parte de ciudadanos colombianos y extranjeros que padecen alguna cardiopatía. En él se recogen voces de pacientes locales e internacionales, expertos en turismo de salud, críticos del sistema de salud en el país, personal médico, asociaciones de defensa de usuarios y representantes de hospitales y clínicas. A través de las fuentes entrevistadas se muestra por qué Colombia se ha convertido en un destino atractivo para tratamientos y procedimientos del corazón y se analiza cuáles son las principales causas de esta diferenciación entre unos pacientes y otros.

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With both climate change and air quality on political and social agendas from local to global scale, the links between these hitherto separate fields are becoming more apparent. Black carbon, largely from combustion processes, scatters and absorbs incoming solar radiation, contributes to poor air quality and induces respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Uncertainties in the amount, location, size and shape of atmospheric black carbon cause large uncertainty in both climate change estimates and toxicology studies alike. Increased research has led to new effects and areas of uncertainty being uncovered. Here we draw together recent results and explore the increasing opportunities for synergistic research that will lead to improved confidence in the impact of black carbon on climate change, air quality and human health. Topics of mutual interest include better information on spatial distribution, size, mixing state and measuring and monitoring. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Foods derived from domestic animals are a significant source of nutrients in the UK diet. However, certain aspects of some animal-derived foods, notably levels of saturated fatty acids, have given rise to concerns that these foods may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome and other conditions. However, the composition of the many animal-derived foods is not constant and can often be enhanced by manipulating the nutrition of the animal. This paper reviews these possibilities with particular attention to lipids, and draws attention to the fact that milk in particular, contains a number of compounds which may, for example, exert anti-carcinogenic effects. It is clear that the role of animal nutrition in creating foods closer to the optimum composition for long-term human health will not only be more relevant in the future, but will be vital in attempts to improve the health of the human population.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes coronary heart disease and stroke, remains the major killer in the EU, being responsible for 42% of total mortality. The amount and composition of dietary fat is arguably the most important dietary factor contributing to disease risk. A significant body of consistent evidence indicates that a decrease in dietary saturated fat:unsaturated (polyunsaturated + monounsaturated) ratio and an increased intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) found in fish, is cardioprotective. Furthermore, although the evidence is currently less convincing, such a strategy is also likely to improve insulin sensitivity, the central metabolic defect in diabetes. Currently in the UK only 12% of men, 17% of women and 8% of children have an SFA intakes <10% of energy. The average intake of LC n-3 PUFA is <0.2 g/day, which is less than half the current conservative recommendation of a minimum of 0.45 g/day. Public health strategies to reverse these dietary fatty acid imbalances, aimed at educating and motivating the consumer and making affordable and acceptable food products with an ‘enhanced’ fatty acid profile more widely available, must remain a public health priority in the ‘fight’ against CVD.

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For the past 20 years, the focuses of public health strategies for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been aimed at lowering cholesterol levels. However recent findings have highlighted not only cholesterol but also triacylglycerol as a lipid risk factor for CVD. Dietary strategies which are able to reduce these circulating lipid levels, but which are able to offer long-term efficacy comparable with effective drug treatments, are currently being sought. One dietary strategy that has been proposed to benefit the lipid profile involves the supplementation of the diet with probiotics (Part 1), prebiotics and synbiotics (Part 2), which are mechanisms to improve the health of the host by supplementation and/or fortification of certain health promoting gut bacteria. Probiotics in the form of fermented milk products have been shown to have cholesterol-lowering properties, whereas non-digestible fermentable prebiotics have been shown to reduce triacylglycerol levels in animal studies. However in humans studies, there have been inconsistent findings with respect to changes in lipid levels with both prebiotics and probiotics although on the whole there have been favourable outcomes.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the Western and developing world. This multifactorial disease is influenced by many environmental and genetic factors. At present, public health advice involves prescribed population-based recommendations, which have been largely unsuccessful in reducing CVD risk. This is, in part, due to individual variability in response to dietary manipulations, that arises from nutrient-gene interactions (defined by the term 'nutrigenetics'). The shift towards personalized nutritional advice is a very attractive proposition, where, in principle, an individual can be given dietary advice specifically tailored to their genotype. However, the evidence-base for the impact of interactions between nutrients and fixed genetic variants on biomarkers of CVD risk is still very limited. This paper reviews the evidence for interactions between dietary fat and two common polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma genes. Although an increased understanding of how these and other genes influence response to nutrients should facilitate the progression of personalized nutrition, the ethical issues surrounding its routine use need careful consideration.

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For the past 20 years, the focuses of public health strategies for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been aimed at lowering cholesterol levels. However, recent findings have highlighted not only cholesterol but also triacylglycerol as a lipid risk factor for CVD. Dietary strategies which are able to reduce these Circulating lipid levels, but which are able to offer longterm efficacy comparable with effective drug treatments, are currently being sought. One dietary strategy that has been proposed to benefit the lipid profile involves the supplementation of the diet with probiotics (Part 1) prebiotics and synbiotics (Part 2), which are mechanisms to improve the health of the host by supplementation and/or fortification of certain health promoting gut bacteria. Probiotics in the form of fermented milk products have been shown to have cholesterol-lowering properties, whereas non-digestible fermentable prebiotics have been shown to reduce triacylglycerol levels in animal studies, However, in human studies, there have been inconsistent findings with respect to changes in lipid levels with both prebiotics and probiotics although on the whole there have been favourable outcomes.