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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Trajetórias de adolescentes apreendidos como mulas do transporte de drogas na região da fronteira (Paraná) Brasil - Paraguai: exploração de força de trabalho e criminalização da pobreza

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

The AIDS epidemic in the Amazon region: a spatial case-control study in Rondonia, Brazil

OBJETIVO Analisar mudanças espaciais no risco de Aids e a relação entre incidência da doença e variáveis socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS Estudo caso-controle espacial, de base populacional, realizado em Rondônia, Brasil, com 1.780 casos notificados pelo Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica e os controles a partir de dados demográficos de 1987 a 2006. Os casos foram agrupados em cinco períodos de cinco anos consecutivos. Um modelo aditivo generalizado foi ajustado aos dados. O status dos indivíduos (caso ou controle) foi considerado como a variável dependente e independente: um alisamento ( spline ) bidimensional das coordenadas geográficas e variáveis socioeconômicas municipais. Os valores observados para o teste Moran I foram comparados com a distribuição de referência dos valores obtidos em condições de aleatoriedade espacial. RESULTADOS O risco de Aids apresentou padrão espacial e temporal marcado. A incidência associou-se a indicadores socioeconômicos municipais, como urbanização e capital humano. As maiores taxas de incidência de Aids ocorreram em municípios ao longo da rodovia BR-364; os resultados do teste Moran I mostram correlação espacial positiva associada à contiguidade dos municípios com a rodovia, no terceiro e quarto períodos (p = 0,05). CONCLUSÕES A incidência da doença foi maior em municípios de maior riqueza econômica e urbanização e naqueles cortados pelas estradas principais de Rondônia. O rápido desenvolvimento associado à ocupação de regiões remotas pode ser acompanhado por aumento de riscos à saúde.

Vivencias de sujetos en procesos transexualizadores y sus relaciones con el espacio urbano de Santiago de Chile

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

A cidade em transformação: formação urbana, desenvolvimento e culturas políticas em Campo Grande (1905-1939)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Relações de Gênero, memória e identidades no Brasil do século XX

Gender relationships focusing on homages to the women of Assis (a town in the center-western region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil) between 1959 and 1994, are discussed. Homages, expressed in monuments, street names, city squares, schools, libraries, Cultural Centers and other places, are based on the activities of women who benefitted the community. They feature lawyers, politicians, journalists, teachers and common citizens that exceeded their personal limitations and conquered a place acknowledged by society (politically invested) so that their names may be inscribed in the city´s public places. However, acknowledgement of female contributions in the construction of the city is not projected at the same pace or speed as that of males who compose the gallery of ‘remembered men’. This fact brings forth the following questions: If the naming of public places were for decades based on gender, what had changed by the end of the 1950s for such a redefinition? What is the true meaning of such homages? Who are these women and what do they represent?

ANDARILHOS DE ESTRADA SEGUNDO OS RELATOS DE TRABALHADORES ASSISTENCIAIS

The highway wanderers are aimless individuals who walk long distances on foot carrying their meager belongings in a sack on their backs and when are in hardness situations appeal to the help institutions. This paper aims to verify how the help workers understand the highway wanderers way of life. The research was conducted in four assistance institutions in the State of São Paulo (two publics and two philanthropics). The reports were analyzed using the content analysis. The results indicated that comprehension of these help workers about the highway wanderers is related to vagabondage, mental illness and family disaggregation. The data show us the necessity of an ample discussion around these help policies and its impacts in the wandering of highway wanderers.

Experiências de conversas nas ruas: aprendizados e questões no estar com o outro

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Influência da angulação do implante e tipo de intermediário na distribuição das tensões

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant angulation and abutment type (UCLA and Estheticone) on stress distribution in screw-retained implant-supported prostheses through photoelasticity. Three models were fabricated with photoelastic resin PL-2 (Vishay, Micro-Measurements Group, Inc Raleigh, N.C., USA) containing one external hexagon implant with 3.75x10mm (Master screw, Conexão Sistemas de Prótese Ltda., Arujá, São Paulo) with 0°, 17° and 30° degrees and a screw-retained prostheses with UCLA and Estheticone abutments. The assembly was positioned in a circular polariscope; axial and oblique (45° degrees) loads of 100N were applied in fixed points on the occlusal crown surfaces by a universal testing machine. The stress generated was photographed and analyzed qualitatively with appropriate software (Adobe Photoshop®). The results demonstrated the same number of fringes for both abutment types for each angulation, with fringes increasing in the same way. A higher number of fringes were closer in the oblique loading mode. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in stress distribution in prostheses with UCLA and Estheticone abutments. Higher stress concentrations were observed with increased implant angulation. Stress concentration and intensity were higher in the oblique load than in axial load application.

Risco da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono em amostra populacional da cidade de Botucatu - SP

The most common sleep disorder is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), that is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, resulting in partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway. It is associated with systemic arterial hypertension and obesity. Objective: To assess the frequency of OSAS in the adult population of Botucatu by the Berlin questionnaire. Method: Transveral study was performed in which the sample size was estimated at 385 individuals. The Berlin questionnaire was administered to adults randomly on the streets, supermarkets and local shops. Data were analyzed taking into account age, gender, "high risk for OSAS", hypertension, obesity and correlations for OSAS. Results: 468 people interviewed were aged between 18 and 95 years, average of 59 years. 166 (35.25%) individuals were identified as "high risk for OSAS", being more frequent in the population above 40 years. Obesity was present in 23.3%, more common in women (60.2%). 83.5% of the population obese also had a "high risk for OSAS". Hypertension was observed in 27.3%, of these 71.9% were at "high risk for OSAS". Conclusion: The study showed a high frequency of "high risk for OSAS" in the adult population. Despite the dissemination by the media about sleep apnea, patients are not investigated, even under medical care for hypertension.

Landscape changes in Serra do Japi: legal protection or scientific expectation?

The creation of new legally protected areas brings many conflicts that distance the real landscape from the expected according to environmental law or conservation researchers. In this study, we mapped and compared the changes in Serra da Japi (Sao Paulo State, Brazil) throughout 40 years with scenarios of legal protection and scientific expectation on forest conservation, to evaluate the distance between them. This may allow us to infer the direction of historical changes and assist in the debate among decision makers. The results showed that most legal requirements on forest protection in the current landscape have been met. The 1960s was the period when the forest cover was closest to the desirable conservation stage. Although the Serra do Japi has maintained large areas of forests during the entire study period, human interference increased with the expansion of reforestation and urban areas, and access roads were identified as a primary potential driving forces of change. In addition, habitat loss was observed in the landscape, which can represent the first phase of a sequence of modifications detrimental to the environmental conservation of this protected area, including decision changes to land use. In conclusion, the changes evolved toward conservation expectations, but not toward the forest configuration of scientific expectation.

Gestión del litoral: impactos ambientales heredados en el sistema playas-dunas de El Inglés-Maspalomas (Gran Canaria, España)

[ES]En el sur de la isla de Gran Canaria se encuentran las playas de El Inglés y Maspalomas, que comparten el Campo de Dunas de Maspalomas. El conjunto de playas-dunas forman un sistema morfodinámico de arenas ajustado a un patrón de comportamiento abierto con retroalimentaciones. Dentro de éste, se hace el seguimiento de un proceso de acreción. También, se describe el conjunto de intervenciones que ha soportado el sistema playa-dunas desde el inicio de la explotación turística. Con las actuaciones descritas, se hace una evaluación cuantitativa de impactos ambientales heredados, como parte de un diagnóstico de situación previo a la redacción de proyectos de mejora del uso turístico del marco geográfico en consideración.

Gestión del litoral : caso de la playa urbana de "sol y baño" de Las Canteras (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)

[ES]Respecto a la gestión de las playas de sol y baño, se presentan 4 bloques de prácticas con sus soportes teóricos, que se denominan, por sus alcances conceptuales y procedimentales: cálculo de calidades DAFO cuantitativas y contrastables para un campo de aplicación dado en la Ordenación del Territorio, evaluación de impactos ambientales heredados como parte del diagnóstico ambiental de situación, redacción de proyectos en relación con la Ordenación del Territorio, y puesta en valor de proyectos de Ordenación del Territorio. Cada uno de los bloques de prácticas contiene: una base teórica, una batería de enunciados de ejercicios, y sus correspondientes soluciones. Los casos prácticos presentados satisfacen a las tareas propias de los gestores de un territorio.

Gestión del litoral : herramientas para la planificación de playas vírgenes de arena como recurso de sol y baño : (rediseñadas y calibradas en el Parque Natural del Cabo de Gata-Níjar, España)

[ES]Se pretende disponer de herramientas que midan calidades ambientales de playas vírgenes de arena, respecto a su uso sustentable como recursos de sol y baño. Estas herramientas son los Análisis DAFO cuantitativos y las Evaluaciones de Impactos heredados. Para rediseñarlas y calibrarlas, se opta por las playas del Parque Natural del Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería, España). Se recurre a la formulación de sus patrones de comportamiento morfodinámico para identificar y definir algunos de sus descriptores y factores ambientales del campo en consideración. Las medidas se harían a partir del árbol involucrado de objetivos, de observaciones in situ, de las variables aisladas, y del rescate de muchos descriptores y factores ambientales de las playas urbanas de sol y baño.

Determinants of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children: A research synthesis

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has taken HIV-infection from a rapidly terminal illness to one that is a slowly progressive, chronic illness. HIV-infected children can now live long, normal lives. Today, four classes of antiretroviral medications are widely used and several antiretrovirals are available in each class, but resistance and cross-resistance to these medications can occur very quickly if the patient does not adhere to strict medication dosing guidelines. One method to improve pediatric adherence to antiretrovirals is to focus on identified determinants of adherence at clinical visits, but very few studies have been conducted to identify determinants of adherence to antiretrovirals and the best methods to measure adherence in the pediatric population. This research synthesis found adherence factors related to children can be divided into child-identified factors and caregiver-identified factors. Child identified factors include medication-related, demographic-related, cognitive-related, psychosocial-related, and biological marker-related barriers to adherence. Caregiver identified factors include medication-related, cognitive-related, relationship-related, and psychosocial-related barriers to adherence. More randomized clinical trials are needed to identify determinants to adherence, identify methods to best measure adherence, and to identify the best interventions to improve adherence in HIV-infected children and adolescents. ^