Proteomic profiling of the molecular targets of interactions of the mastoparan peptide Protopolybia MP-III at the level of endosomal membranes from rat mast cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Death by apoptosis in salivary glands of females of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari : Ixodidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Production of extracellular acid proteases by Aspergillus clavatus

The production of extracellular acid proteases from Aspergillus clavatus was evaluated in a culture filtrate medium, with different carbon and nitrogen sources. The fungus was cultivated at three different temperatures during 10 days. The proteolytic activity was determined on haemoglobin pH 5.0 at 37 degreesC. The highest acid proteolytic activity (80 U/ml) was observed in culture medium containing glucose and gelatin at 1% (w/v) at 30 degreesC at the third day of incubation. Cultures developed in Vogel medium with glucose at 2% (w/v) showed at about 45% of proteolytic activity when compared to the cultures with 1% of the same sugar. The optimum pH of enzymatic activity was 2.0 and the enzyme was stable at pH values ranging from 2.0 to 4.0. The optimum temperature was 40 degreesC and the half-lives at 40, 45 and 50 degreesC were 30, 10 and 5 min, respectively.

Yacon (Polymnia sanchifolia) extract as a substrate to produce inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus

The inulinase production by yeast K marxianus var. bulgaricus growing in yacon extract was investigated. The microorganism showed good development in yacon, higher enzymatic activities were achieved at 30% and 40% (v/v) of extract. The cultivation temperature (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 degreesC) neither influenced the growth or the enzymatic activity. The optimum cultivation pH was 3.5. The highest activity was observed at 60 degreesC and pH 4.0. At temperature of 55 C and 60 C occurred sharp decrease in the enzyme activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of culture conditions on the production of inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of nitrogen source and sucrose concentration on inulinase production by Kluyveromyces marxianus in fed-batch fermentation

This work studied the influence of nitrogen source and sucrose concentration in the feeding medium for biomass and inulinase production by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus. The results show that the best nitrogen source was a combination of 5 g/L of yeast extract and 10 g/L of peptone. Both cellular growth and enzymatic activity increased with sucrose concentration in the feeding medium (from 200 to 500 g/L). When the sucrose concentration reached 600 g/L, both cellular growth and enzymatic activity decreased.

Influence of Different Substrates on the Production of a Mutant Thermostable Glucoamylase in Submerged Fermentation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pseudechis australis Venomics: Adaptation for a Defense against Microbial Pathogens and Recruitment of Body Transferrin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Xylanase production by Aspergillus awamori under solid state fermentation conditions on tomato pomace

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oral colonization by yeasts in hiv-positive patients in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biossensores baseados no processo de inibição enzimática

Fast, selective, reproducible and reliable detections have been carried out by using enzymatic biosensors in several areas. The enzymatic biosensors based on the inhibition represent an important role in analytical chemistry. Enzymes like cholinesterases, peroxidases, tyrosinases, etc. have been immobilized on electrochemical and optical transducers and the enzymatic activity decreasing in the presence of the inhibitor is related with its concentrations. This article presents a review on the enzymes used on the construction of these sensors, emphasizing the respective applications.

Hidrólise da uréia em latossolos: efeito da concentração de uréia, temperatura, pH, armazenamento e tempo de incubação

Este trabalho objetivou estudar a velocidade de hidrólise da uréia em dois diferentes solos brasileiros (Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico) onde foram realizados ensaios sobre o efeito do tempo e condições de armazenamento, concentração do substrato (uréia), temperatura, pH e tempo de incubação sobre a atividade da urease. As melhores condições de armazenamento foram em temperatura ambiente ou 5 ºC, após secagem ao ar, por um período de até 7 dias; para as condições estudadas, o melhor tempo de incubação foi de uma hora a 25-30 ºC, sem a utilização de tampão para acertar o pH, e a concentração de uréia suficiente foi de 3,30 g L-1, para o Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico, e de 2,5 g L-1, para o Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico para obter a velocidade máxima da enzima.

Isoenzimas no monitoramento da deterioração de sementes de Euterpe espiritosantensis Fernandes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

TEOR DE VITAMINA C, ATIVIDADE DE ASCORBATO OXIDASE E PERFIL SENSORIAL DE MANGA (Mangífera índica L.) VAR. HADEN, DURANTE O AMADURECIMENTO

The chemical and biochemical composition of mango, varies according to the cultivation conditions, variety and maturation state, generally containing a high level of ascorbic acid. In order to establish the correlation between the activity of the ascorbate oxidase [E.C.1.10.3.3], and ascorbic acid level in the ripening process of the Haden mango (Mangífera índica L.), sample of the fruits related to hard green stage (zero), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days stored at 20 ± 2oC, were tested. The samples were obtained by cutting small cubes of 8 cm3 from pulps of 8 mangoes with texture without significant difference (p£0.05) at Magness-Taylor pressure tester scale. In each sample the activity of ascorbate oxidase was followed, in order to check its participation in possible substrate losses during the ripening fruits. The ascorbic acid level and sensory profile also was determined periodically during the ripening period. The enzymatic activity was spectrophotometrically determined at 245 nm and 30oC. The ascorbic acid was analyzed according modified AOAC methodology, and sensory analysis by descriptive quantitative analysis. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test, principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis. During the ripening, the ascorbate oxidase activity increased (from 0 to 5.0 x 10-1 U/ml) and the ascorbic acid level decreased (from 209.3 mg to 110.0 mg per 100g of pulp), showing a significant (p£0.05) inverse linear correlation (r=-0.98). The descriptors terms for mangoes were: characteristic flavor, characteristic aroma, sourness, astringency, yellow coloration of pulp, sweetness and succulence. The sensory profile presented significant improvement during ripening. All sensory attributes increased significantly (p£0.05) except sourness and astringency, wich decreased during the ripening of mangoes.

METABOLISMO do NITROGÊNIO ASSOCIADO À DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA E SUA RECUPERAÇÃO em GENÓTIPOS DE MILHO

O estresse hídrico afeta profundamente o metabolismo celular vegetal. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se quantificar os efeitos da deficiência hídrica e sua recuperação sobre a atividade das enzimas do metabolismo do nitrogênio: redutase do nitrato (RN), glutamina sintetase (GS) e glutamato sintase (GOGAT) e sobre o acúmulo de prolina em plantas dos genótipos de milho BR 2121 e BR 205. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se vasos que continham 14,3kg de solo. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos dois genótipos e quatro intervalos entre irrigações (1, 3, 5 e 7 dias). No dia da avaliação (49 dias após emergência), os tratamentos com intervalos entre 3 e 7 dias, haviam sido irrigados no dia anterior, caracterizando-se portanto como recuperação da deficiência hídrica leve e severa, respectivamente. As extrações e análises foram realizadas utilizando-se a terceira folha basípeta completamente expandida. As atividades das enzimas estudadas não diferiram entre os tratamentos de estresse hídrico, controle e recuperação do estresse moderado, entretanto as plantas sob recuperação do estresse severo apresentaram atividade enzimática superior à das plantas controle. O acúmulo de prolina livre nas folhas aumentou com o estresse hídrico e respondeu à recuperação do estresse apresentando redução. de modo geral, a atividade enzimática e o acúmulo de prolina apresentaram respostas inversas dentro dos tratamentos.