The association of feeding behavior with the resistance and tolerance to parasites in recently diverged sticklebacks

Divergent natural selection regimes can contribute to adaptive population divergence, but can be sensitive to human-mediated environmental change. Nutrient loading of aquatic ecosystems, for example, might modify selection pressures by altering the abundance and distribution of resources and the prevalence and infectivity of parasites. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment to test for interactive effects of nutrient loading and parasitism on host condition and feeding ecology. Specifically, we investigated whether the common fish parasite Gyrodactylus sp. differentially affected recently diverged lake and stream ecotypes of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We found that the stream ecotype had a higher resistance to Gyrodactylus sp. infections than the lake ecotype, and that both ecotypes experienced a cost of parasitism, indicated by negative relationships between parasite load and both stomach fullness and body condition. Overall, our results suggest that in the early stages of adaptive population divergence of hosts, parasites can affect host resistance, body condition, and diet.

Poultry institute held in connection with 38th annual meeting of the American Poultry Association educational addresses by members of the American Association of Instructors and Investigators in Poultry Husbandry.

Mode of access: Internet.

Radio interferometry techniques for geodesy : proceedings of a conference sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the American Geophysical Union in cooperation with Special Study Group 2.51 of the International Association of Geodesy and held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Northeast Radio Observatory Corporation Haystack Observatory, Westford, Massachusetts, June 19-21, 1979.

Includes bibliographical references.

Civil War volunteer officers' retired list. Statement of ... Chairman of National Association of Surviving Union Volunteer Officers of the Civil War at hearing before Committee on Military Affairs, House of Representatives on H.R. 18899 ... with appendix.

Mode of access: Internet.

Tentative standard methods of sampling and testing highway materials, adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials and approved by the Secretary of Agriculture for use in connection with federal-aid road construction. Issued May, 1924; rev. Sept. 1928.

Cover title.

An inquiry into the right to change the ecclesiastical constitution of the Congregational churches of Massachusetts : with a preface addressed to the Rev. Joseph Lyman, D. D. under the sanction of whose name such a change has been proposed to the people of this state : to which is prefixed Dr. Morse's Report to the General Association of Massachusetts, from the Panoplist of August, 1815 /

Signed: A layman.

Outline of a course of English reading : based on that prepared for the Mercantile Library Association of the city of New York, by the late Chancellor Kent, with additions by Charles King ... Ed., with further additions and notes, by Henry A. Oakley.

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual register of the Alumnae association of Smith college ... with report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Association of cone thermogenesis and volatiles with pollinator specificity in Macrozamia cycads

Cone traits (volatile components and thermogenesis) of three cycad species in the genus Macrozamia were examined for differences related to their specific insect pollinators, the weevil, Tranes spp., or the thrips, Cycadothrips chadwicki. Linalool (>80% of emissions) dominated cone volatile components of M. machinii (Tranes-pollinated) and beta-myrcene was a minor component (