Etiología y evolución a largo plazo de la hemoptisis amenazante en un hospital universitario.

La hemoptisis amenaçant (HA) es una emergència de la qual la broncoscòpia i l’angiografia han millorat el pronòstic. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi va ser seguir la evolució d’aquests pacients a curt i llarg plaç. S’inclogueren els pacients ingressats per HA en un hospital de referència entre 1994 i 1996 als quals es realitzaren tècniques broncoscòpiques i angiografiques seguin la seva evolució als 5 anys. Les etiologies més freqüents varen ser les bronquiectasis i la tuberculosis. La broncoscòpia es mostra segura com a mesura de localització i terapèutica transitòria, la arteriografia va ser més definitiva a llarg plaç.

Factores asociados a la mortalidad en los pacientes con exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica hospitalizados en servicios de medicina interna

Avaluació dels factors de risc que es relacionen amb la mortalitat en pacients amb exacerbació de la MPOC hospitalitzats en serveis de Medicina Interna en un estudi multicèntric transversal, valorant la possible associació de la mort hospitalitzats amb diferents variables: sociodemogràfiques, tractament abans i durant la hospitalització, característiques clíniques de la MPOC, comorbiditats prèvies, dades clíniques, resultats de laboratori i troballes electrocardiogràfics. Amb 398 pacients, 88,7% eren homes i amb una mitjana de 75 anys, va morir un 5,3%. Trobant associació entre el risc de morir durant l'hospitalització i el diagnòstic previ de pneumònia, malaltia coronària i ACV.

Consecuencias de la oclusión aguda de las arterias coronarias auriculares en el hombre

Aquest estudi té com a finalitat estudiar la repercussió clínica, bioquímica i electromecànica que pot implicar la pèrdua accidental de les branques auriculars durant l'angioplàstia coronària en l'home. Aquest propòsit es desenvolupa en dues parts. La primera d'elles consisteix en una revisió històrica del coneixement de la irrigació coronària auricular. En la segona d'elles, l'estudi pròpiament dit, es justifica el seu interès, es presenta la hipòtesi de treball i els objectius, s'exposa el seu disseny i es raona per què aquest escenari clínic pot resultar un model útil per analitzar les conseqüències de la isquèmia auricular aguda

A resposta psicossocial de impotência em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca

OBJETIVOS: descrever a impotência no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca quanto a freqüência, intensidade, características definidoras e comparar a impotência em pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgias de válvula (VAL) e de coronária (RM). MÉTODO: a presença de impotência foi definida pela análise de entrevistas de 75 pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca (60% em pós-operatório de RM e 40% de VAL). RESULTADOS: 44 (58,7%) pacientes apresentaram impotência. Não houve diferenças quanto a freqüência (p=0,84) e intensidade (p=0,73) de impotência entre os pós-operados de VAL e os de RM. As características definidoras mais freqüentes nos pacientes com impotência foram: "expressões verbais relativas à falta de controle ou de influências sobre uma situação" (77,3%), "dúvida para planejar o futuro e estabelecer objetivos" (75,0%), "expressão de dúvida acerca do desempenho de papéis" (63,6%) e "expressões de insatisfação e frustração pela inabilidade no desempenho de tarefas e/ou atividades pessoais" (56,8%).

Entorn de suport al diagnòstic d'estenosi de caròtida

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és ampliar la plataforma Starviewer integrant els mòdulsnecessaris per donar suport al diagnòstic de l’estenosi de caròtida permetentinterpretar de forma més fàcil les imatges Angiografia per Ressonància Magnètica(ARM). La plataforma Starviewer és un entorn informàtic que integra funcionalitatsbàsiques i avançades pel processament i la visualització d’imatges mèdiques. Estàdesenvolupat pel Grup d’Informàtica Gràfica de la Universitat de Girona i l’Institut deDiagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI) de l’hospital Dr. Josep Trueta. Una de les limitacions de la plataforma és el no suportar el tractament de lesions delsistema vascular. Per això ens proposem a corregir-ho i ampliar les seves extensionsper a poder diagnosticar l’estenosi de caròtida

Aferição do tempo e do custo médio do trabalho da enfermeira na consulta de enfermagem

Neste estudo, a autora objetivou caracterizar os atendimentos de Consulta de Enfermagem, segundo pacientes pré-cirúrgicos do Programa de Coronária, estimar o tempo e o custo médio do trabalho de enfermeira na realização da Consulta de Enfermagem, estudar a existência de associação/correlação entre o tempo, o custo e outras variáveis de interesse. O desenvolvimento da consulta seguiu as fases da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE). A amostra foi constituída de 44 pacientes, sendo que 37 (84%) foram atendidos em consultas novas e 7 (16%) em consultas de seguimento. Os resultados alcançados foram: tempo médio igual a 48,91 minutos para as consultas novas e 22,14 minutos para as de seguimento, com um custo médio de cerca de R$ 18,01 para as consultas novas e de R$ 8,15 para as de seguimento. Os resultados mostram que o tempo médio de consultas novas superam de forma estatisticamente significativa o tempo médio das consultas de seguimento e, conseqüentemente, os custos.

Validação do reprocessamento de cateteres cardíacos angiográficos: uma avaliação da funcionalidade e da integridade

Objetivou-se validar o reprocessamento de cateteres cardíacos angiográficos quanto às suas características de funcionalidade mecânica e à integridade molecular e micro-estrutural da cadeia polimérica. Pesquisa experimental, aplicada, comparativa e controlada. Construiu-se uma bancada de simulação de uma arteriografia de coronária esquerda para simular um estresse mecânico e biológico em cateteres. Testou-se a funcionalidade por ensaio de tração e a integridade por Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Evidenciou-se uma tendência ao aumento da rigidez a cada acréscimo do número de reprocessamento (p<0,05). As modificações das propriedades mecânicas e das estruturas moleculares dos polímeros foram mais evidentes a partir do quinto reprocessamento. As micrografias revelaram o aumento de rugosidade a partir do quarto reprocessamento. Os resultados deste estudo poderão contribuir para a elaboração de protocolos de reprocessamento e vigilância sistemática da reutilização de materiais de uso único, não apenas por sua relevância econômica, mas sobretudo do ponto de vista ético, legal, biológico, funcional e assistencial.

Patient-specific computational hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms from 3D rotational angiography and CT angiography: an in vivo reproducibility study

Patient-specific simulations of the hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms can be constructed by using image-based vascular models and CFD techniques. This work evaluates the impact of the choice of imaging technique on these simulations

How do coil configuration and packing density influence intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics?

Endovascular coiling is a well-established therapy for treating intracranial aneurysms. Nonetheless, postoperative hemodynamic changes induced by this therapy remain not fully understood. The purpose of this work is to assess the influence of coil configuration and packing density on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics

Automated Segmentation of Cerebral Vasculature with Aneurysms in 3DRA and TOF-MRA using Geodesic Active Regions: an Evaluation Study

Purpose: To evaluate the suitability of an improved version of an automatic segmentation method based on geodesic active regions (GAR) for segmenting cerebral vasculature with aneurysms from 3D X-ray reconstruc-tion angiography (3DRA) and time of °ight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) images available in the clinical routine.Methods: Three aspects of the GAR method have been improved: execution time, robustness to variability in imaging protocols and robustness to variability in image spatial resolutions. The improved GAR was retrospectively evaluated on images from patients containing intracranial aneurysms in the area of the Circle of Willis and imaged with two modalities: 3DRA and TOF-MRA. Images were obtained from two clinical centers, each using di®erent imaging equipment. Evaluation included qualitative and quantitative analyses ofthe segmentation results on 20 images from 10 patients. The gold standard was built from 660 cross-sections (33 per image) of vessels and aneurysms, manually measured by interventional neuroradiologists. GAR has also been compared to an interactive segmentation method: iso-intensity surface extraction (ISE). In addition, since patients had been imaged with the two modalities, we performed an inter-modality agreement analysis with respect to both the manual measurements and each of the two segmentation methods. Results: Both GAR and ISE di®ered from the gold standard within acceptable limits compared to the imaging resolution. GAR (ISE, respectively) had an average accuracy of 0.20 (0.24) mm for 3DRA and 0.27 (0.30) mm for TOF-MRA, and had a repeatability of 0.05 (0.20) mm. Compared to ISE, GAR had a lower qualitative error in the vessel region and a lower quantitative error in the aneurysm region. The repeatabilityof GAR was superior to manual measurements and ISE. The inter-modality agreement was similar between GAR and the manual measurements. Conclusions: The improved GAR method outperformed ISE qualitatively as well as quantitatively and is suitable for segmenting 3DRA and TOF-MRA images from clinical routine.

Dynamic estimation of three-dimensional cerebrovascular deformation from rotational angiography

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of detecting and quantifying 3D cerebrovascular wall motion from a single 3D rotational x-ray angiography (3DRA) acquisition within a clinically acceptable time and computing from the estimated motion field for the further biomechanical modeling of the cerebrovascular wall. Methods: The whole motion cycle of the cerebral vasculature is modeled using a 4D B-spline transformation, which is estimated from a 4D to 2D + t image registration framework. The registration is performed by optimizing a single similarity metric between the entire 2D + t measured projection sequence and the corresponding forward projections of the deformed volume at their exact time instants. The joint use of two acceleration strategies, together with their implementation on graphics processing units, is also proposed so as to reach computation times close to clinical requirements. For further characterizing vessel wall properties, an approximation of the wall thickness changes is obtained through a strain calculation. Results: Evaluation on in silico and in vitro pulsating phantom aneurysms demonstrated an accurate estimation of wall motion curves. In general, the error was below 10% of the maximum pulsation, even in the situation when substantial inhomogeneous intensity pattern was present. Experiments on in vivo data provided realistic aneurysm and vessel wall motion estimates, whereas in regions where motion was neither visible nor anatomically possible, no motion was detected. The use of the acceleration strategies enabled completing the estimation process for one entire cycle in 5-10 min without degrading the overall performance. The strain map extracted from our motion estimation provided a realistic deformation measure of the vessel wall. Conclusions: The authors' technique has demonstrated that it can provide accurate and robust 4D estimates of cerebrovascular wall motion within a clinically acceptable time, although it has to be applied to a larger patient population prior to possible wide application to routine endovascular procedures. In particular, for the first time, this feasibility study has shown that in vivo cerebrovascular motion can be obtained intraprocedurally from a 3DRA acquisition. Results have also shown the potential of performing strain analysis using this imaging modality, thus making possible for the future modeling of biomechanical properties of the vascular wall.

Morphodynamic analysis of cerebral aneurysm pulsation from time-resolved rotational angiography

This paper presents a technique to estimate and model patient-specific pulsatility of cerebral aneurysms over onecardiac cycle, using 3D rotational X-ray angiography (3DRA) acquisitions. Aneurysm pulsation is modeled as a time varying-spline tensor field representing the deformation applied to a reference volume image, thus producing the instantaneousmorphology at each time point in the cardiac cycle. The estimated deformation is obtained by matching multiple simulated projections of the deforming volume to their corresponding original projections. A weighting scheme is introduced to account for the relevance of each original projection for the selected time point. The wide coverage of the projections, together with the weighting scheme, ensures motion consistency in all directions. The technique has been tested on digital and physical phantoms that are realistic and clinically relevant in terms of geometry, pulsation and imaging conditions. Results from digital phantomexperiments demonstrate that the proposed technique is able to recover subvoxel pulsation with an error lower than 10% of the maximum pulsation in most cases. The experiments with the physical phantom allowed demonstrating the feasibility of pulsation estimation as well as identifying different pulsation regions under clinical conditions.

Multislice CT for assessing in-stent dimensions after left main coronary artery stenting: a comparison with three dimensional intravascular ultrasound

Objective: To evaluate the agreement between multislice CT (MSCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to assess the in-stent lumen diameters and lumen areas of left main coronary artery (LMCA) stents. Design: Prospective, observational single centre study. Setting: A single tertiary referral centre. Patients: Consecutive patients with LMCA stenting excluding patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic renal failure. Interventions: MSCT and IVUS imaging at 912 months follow-up were performed for all patients. Main outcome measures: Agreement between MSCT and IVUS minimum luminal area (MLA) and minimum luminal diameter (MLD). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to find the MSCT cut-off point to diagnose binary restenosis equivalent to 6 mm2 by IVUS. Results: 52 patients were analysed. PassingBablok regression analysis obtained a β coefficient of 0.786 (0.586 to 1.071) for MLA and 1.250 (0.936 to 1.667) for MLD, ruling out proportional bias. The α coefficient was −3.588 (−8.686 to −0.178) for MLA and −1.713 (−3.583 to −0.257) for MLD, indicating an underestimation trend of MSCT. The ROC curve identified an MLA ≤4.7 mm2 as the best threshold to assess in-stent restenosis by MSCT. Conclusions: Agreement between MSCT and IVUS to assess in-stent MLA and MLD for LMCA stenting is good. An MLA of 4.7 mm2 by MSCT is the best threshold to assess binary restenosis. MSCT imaging can be considered in selected patients to assess LMCA in-stent restenosis

Ischemic heart disease and primary care: identifying gender-related differences. An observational study

Background: Gender-related differences are seen in multiple aspects of both health and illness. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a pathology in which diagnostic, treatment and prognostic differences are seen between sexes, especially in the acute phase and in the hospital setting. The objective of the present study is to analyze whether there are differences between men and women when examining associated cardiovascular risk factors and secondary pharmacological prevention in the primary care setting. Methods: Retrospective descriptive observational study from January to December of 2006, including 1907 patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease in the city of Lleida, Spain. The clinical data were obtained from computerized medical records and pharmaceutical records of medications dispensed in pharmacies with official prescriptions. Data was analyzed using bivariate descriptive statistical analysis as well as logistic regression. Results: There were no gender-related differences in screening percentages for arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipemia, and smoking. A greater percentage of women were hypertensive, obese and diabetic compared to men. However, men showed a tendency to achieve control targets more easily than women, with no statistically significant differences. In both sexes cardiovascular risk factors control was inadequate, between 10 and 50%. For secondary pharmaceutical prevention, the percentages of prescriptions were greater in men for anticoagulants, beta-blockers, lipid-lowering agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, with age group variations up to 10%. When adjusting by age and specific diagnoses, differences were maintained for anticoagulants and lipid-lowering agents. Conclusion: Screening of cardiovascular risk factors was similar in men and women with IHD. Although a greater percentage of women were hypertensive, diabetic or obese, their management of risk factors tended to be worse than men. Overall, a poor control of cardiovascular risk factors was noted. Taken as a whole, more men were prescribed secondary prevention drugs, with differences varying by age group and IHD diagnosis.

Multislice CT for assessing in-stent dimensions after left main coronary artery stenting: a comparison with three dimensional intravascular ultrasound

Objective: To evaluate the agreement between multislice CT (MSCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to assess the in-stent lumen diameters and lumen areas of left main coronary artery (LMCA) stents. Design: Prospective, observational single centre study. Setting: A single tertiary referral centre. Patients: Consecutive patients with LMCA stenting excluding patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic renal failure. Interventions: MSCT and IVUS imaging at 9-12 months follow-up were performed for all patients. Main outcome measures: Agreement between MSCT and IVUS minimum luminal area (MLA) and minimum luminal diameter (MLD). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to find the MSCT cut-off point to diagnose binary restenosis equivalent to 6 mm2 by IVUS. Results: 52 patients were analysed. Passing-Bablok regression analysis obtained a β coefficient of 0.786 (0.586 to 1.071) for MLA and 1.250 (0.936 to 1.667) for MLD, ruling out proportional bias. The α coefficient was −3.588 (−8.686 to −0.178) for MLA and −1.713 (−3.583 to −0.257) for MLD, indicating an underestimation trend of MSCT. The ROC curve identified an MLA ≤4.7 mm2 as the best threshold to assess in-stent restenosis by MSCT. Conclusions: Agreement between MSCT and IVUS to assess in-stent MLA and MLD for LMCA stenting is good. An MLA of 4.7 mm2 by MSCT is the best threshold to assess binary restenosis. MSCT imaging can be considered in selected patients to assess LMCA in-stent restenosis