Implementation of a management guideline aimed at minimizing the severity of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant

Objective
Primary graft dysfunction, a severe form of lung injury that occurs in the first 72 hours after lung transplant, is associated with morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess the impact of an evidence-based guideline as a protocol for respiratory and hemodynamic management.

Methods
Preoperative and postoperative data for patients treated per the guideline (n = 56) were compared with those of a historical control group (n = 53). Patient data such as ratio of arterial Po2 to inspired oxygen fraction, central venous pressure, cumulative fluid balance, vasopressor dose, and serum urea and creatinine were measured and documented at specific times. Primary outcome was severity of primary graft dysfunction within the first 72 hours.

Results
Primary graft dysfunction grade was progressively lower in patients treated after introduction of the guideline (P = .01). Lower postoperative fluid balances (P = .01) and vasopressor doses (P = .007) were seen, with no associated renal dysfunction. There were no differences in duration of mechanical ventilation or mortality. Nonadherence to the guideline occurred in 10 cases (18%).

Conclusions
Implementation of an evidence-based guideline for managing respiratory and hemodynamic status is feasible and safe and was associated with reduction in severity of primary graft dysfunction. Further studies are required to determine whether such a guideline would lead to a consistent reduction in severity of primary graft dysfunction at other institutions. Creation of a protocol for postoperative care provides a template for further studies of novel therapies or management strategies for primary graft dysfunction.

Comparison of corticomotor excitability during visuomotor dynamic and static tasks

The human central nervous system (CNS) has the ability to modulate its activity during the performance of different movements. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the CNS can also modulate its activity in the same movement but with increased precision during a visuomotor static task. This study aimed to extend on these findings by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure the CNS during the performance of two visuomotor dynamic tasks. Twelve volunteers participated in this study, performing two separate motor tasks. Study I (“Position Tracking”) involved participants to perform a visuomotor tracking task using a dial potentiometer and matching their response icon to the computer generated tracking icon whilst holding a pincer grip. Study II (“Force Tracking”) involved participants to perform a similar visuomotor tracking task by applying or releasing pressure against a fixed force transducer. Tasks were conducted at two speeds (“slow” being one tracking cycle in 10 s; and “fast” being two tracking cycles in 10 s) and compared to a visuomotor static task at a similar muscle contraction level. Results showed corticospinal changes with significant increases (p = 0.002) in excitability demonstrated during Study I (42.3 ± 16.8%) and Study II (56.3 ± 34.2%) slow speed tasks. Moreover, significant reduction in corticospinal inhibition was also observed during both tracking tasks at slow (59.3 ± 13.7%; p = 0.001) and fast speeds (31.9 ± 12.3%; p = 0.001). The findings may provide information on the underlying physiology during the early stages of motor skill acquisition.

Evaluating the distributional implications of price movements : methodology, application and Australian evidence

This article investigates the distributional implication of relative price movements in Australia. It proposes and applies a method of evaluating the nature and size of the inequality bias of price movements. In the process, the study introduces a new demographic demand model that yields sensible and statistically significant estimates of the general equivalence scale and the size economies of scale. The study finds that relative price movements in Australia during the 1990s had an inequality increasing bias and that this bias increased in the late 1990s and the first part of the new millennium. The disaggregated analysis of the inequality movements shows that the regressive nature of relative price changes affected the renters much more than non-renters. The study also provides evidence on the decomposition of overall inequality between demographic groups and compares the decomposition between the nominal and real expenditure inequalities.

Estimating survival and movements using both live and dead recoveries : a case study of oystercatchers confronted with habitat change

1. Animals facing partial habitat loss can try to survive in the remaining habitat or emigrate. Effects on survival and movements should be studied simultaneously since survival rates may be underestimated if emigrants are not considered, and since emigrants may experience reduced survival.

2. We analysed movements and survival of adult wintering oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus in response to the 1986–1987 partial closure of the Oosterschelde in the Dutch Delta. This reduced by one-third the tidal area of this major European wintering area for waders.

3. We developed a novel variant of a multistate capture–recapture model allowing simultaneous estimation of survival and movement between sites using a mixture of data (live recaptures and dead recoveries). We used a two-step process, first estimating movements between sites followed by site-specific survival rates.

4. Most birds were faithful to their ringing site. Winter survival was negatively affected by winter severity and was lowest among birds changing wintering site (i.e. moving outside of the Oosterschelde).

5. During mild winters, survival rates were very high, and similar to before the closure in both changed and unchanged sectors of the Oosterschelde. However, the combined effect of habitat loss with severe winters decreased the survival of birds from changed sectors and induced emigration.

6. The coastal engineering project coincided with three severe winters and high food stock, making assessment of its effects difficult. However, the habitat loss seems to have had less impact on adult survival and movements than did winter severity.

7. Synthesis and applications. Human-induced habitat change may result in population decline through costly emigration or reduced survival or reproduction of individuals that stay. Long-term monitoring of marked individuals helps to understand how populations respond to environmental change, but site-specific survival and movement rates should be integrated in the same model in order to maximize the information yield. Our modelling approach facilitates this because it allows the inclusion of recoveries from outside the study area.

An investigation of polypyrrole coated conductive textiles: this research aimed at clarifying some issues occurred in the research project on coloured conductive textiles

Coloured conducting textiles have shown a wide range of potential applications in heating fabrics, electromagnetic wave absorption, and wearable optoelectronic devices. This research aimed at clarifying some issues occurred in the research project on coloured conductive textiles. The investigation firstly clarified a possible chemical reaction that took place between a commercial dispersing dye (Terasil Red G) and the conducting polymer polypyrrole, through chemical separation, structural identification and spectrum characterisations. Then, a series of acidic dyes were introduced into polypyrrole matrix during the vapour coating of conducting polymer on the wool fabrics. Colour and thermal stability studies were conducted. Finally, the polypyrrole nanoparticles (particle size several~200nm) were prepared by a microemulsion polymerisation technique. An acid dye was used as the dopant to re-dope the nanoparticles. The effect of the acidic dye on the optical absorption of nanoparticles was studied. Applying the conducting nanoparticles on wool fabrics may open an alternative path to achieve the coloured conducting textiles.

Dancing the building : movements between bodies and built structures

The thesis elucidates a process by which the layers of perceptions experienced by dancers when using the built environment were developed to create a shared group compositional language.  This study draws on the work of architects, artists and philosphers interested in documenting and analyzing our sensory and affective relations with the built environment.

Intimacy and making : thinking constellations of consciousness and the movements of invention

This paper takes up the three terms - creativity, consciousness and intimacy - and positions them as possible ‘ultimate terms’. Inquiring into the use of these terms to garner approval, status or power within cultural contexts, the paper attempts to unpack them, and simultaneously to seek out any structural similarities in the ways that they operate. The term ‘creativity’ is deconstructed via a Derridean framework, wherein ‘inventiveness’ is posited as a more rigorous alternative in most cases. Consciousness is read closely in relation to its association with notions of awareness and ‘enlightenment’. And ‘intimacy’ is playfully explored as an alternative term for enlightenment, a manoeuvre which brings to the fore some structural assumptions about that which intimacy might comprise. The assumption of intimacy as a spatially-dependent notion is also interrogated. The paper contends that intimacy may involve an unsettling of spatial assumptions proper, and therefore not be simply a function of closeness or distance. It draws on Serres’ notion of the angel as messenger and as analogy for the preposition, indicator of position, but occupant of none. Finally an example from art practice is offered, one that arguably performs the terms intimacy and creativity at once: an epistolary adventure in poetry and photographs, called The Post Project.

Multifaith movements in ultramodernity

Ultramodernity (Willaime 2006), following on from modernity, has been characterised as an era of fear, risk and uncertainty and paradoxically as a time of great hope and global interdependence (Baumann 2006; Beck 2006; Obama 2006). Following the events of September 11, 2001, the Bali and London bombings, a climate of fear has inspired a plethora of policies that have eroded civil liberties, jeopardising trust in state systems and thereby inadvertently elevating the risk of further violence, particularly in so-called Western societies. Conversely, ultramodern scholars, including Jürgen Habermass and Ulrich Beck, have advocated cosmopolitan solutions to more effectively and cooperatively counter global risks. These optimistic scenarios, while reaching populist proportions, have also received their fare share of criticism (Brassett 2008). Indeed, when we look toward the current state of the United Nations it is difficult not to lose hope. Where is the proof that Immanuel Kant’s cosmopolitan condition is coming into being in the global arena beyond these sociological theories? I argue that the rise of multifaith movements in ultramodernity provides this much needed evidence.

Netpeace and the cosmopolitan condition : multifaith movements and the politics of understanding

The ultramodern era has been characterized paradoxically as one of great fear and great hope. Reactions to the tragic events of September 11, 2001 provide evidence of this ambivalence whereby a politics of fear and exclusion permeated Western societies, accompanied by a growing interest in collaborative cosmopolitan solutions addressing the most pressing global risks of our times. Culturally, religiously and linguistically diverse (CRALD) community experiences in the state of Victoria, Australia well illustrate this dichotomy. Drawing on this case study, I argue that the rise of multifaith and multi-actor peacebuilding networks in ultramodernity provide evidence that cosmopolitan solutions can effectively counter global risks, in this case particularly terrorism, and advance common security among diverse faith communities and across diverse sectors. In so doing I develop a new netpeace framework arguing that the politics of fear is best countered by a politics of understanding.

Human saccadic eye movements and tracking by active foveation in log polar space

One of the possible models of the human visual system (HVS) in the computer vision literature has a high resolution fovea and exponentially decreasing resolution periphery. The high resolution fovea is used to extract necessary information in order to solve a vision task and the periphery may be used to detect motion. To obtain the desired information, the fovea is guided by the contents of the scene and other knowledge to position the fovea over areas of interest. These eye movements are called saccades and corrective saccades. A two stage process has been implemented as a mechanism for changing foveation in log polar space. Initially, the open loop stage roughly foveates on the best interest feature and then the closed loop stage is invoked to accurately iteratively converge onto the foveation point. The open loop stage developed for the foveation algorithm is applied to saccadic eye movements and a tracking system. Log polar space is preferred over Cartesian space as: (1) it simultaneously provides high resolution and a wide viewing angle; and (2) feature invariance occurs in the fovea which simplifies the foveation process.

Book review : Entrepreneurship as social change : a third movements in entrepreneurship book

Chris Steyaert and Daniel Hjorth (Eds) (2007) Entrepreneurship as Social Change: A Third Movements in Entrepreneurship Book, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, United Kingdom