Legitimidad del r��gimen de estampillas departamentales en Colombia

An��lisis de la din��mica legitimadora de la Corte Constitucional en el tributo de estampillas, considerado desde la jurisdicci��n departamental, en el Estado colombiano.

Paris 1947 : The woman of fashion

Paris 1947 is the site of one of twentieth century fashion���s fictive highpoints. The New Look combined drama and poetics through an abiding rhetoric of elegance. In doing so it employed traditional modes of femininity, casting the woman of fashion in the guise of an ambiguous ���new��� figure: half fairytale princess, half evil witch. This fashionable ideal was widely disseminated through key photographic representations, Willy Maywald���s 1947 image of the Bar Suit being a case in point. It was precisely such mythic formulations of ���woman��� which Simone de Beauvoir was to take to task just two years later with the publication of The Second Sex. Driven by frustration with the status quo of real women, de Beauvoir recognised the role of fictive representations, both textual and visual in defining women. This paper reads key sections of The Second Sex through a comparative analysis of two iconic images of French women from 1947; Cartier-Bresson���s classic portrait of de Beauvoir and Willy Mayhold���s spectacular evocation of Christian Dior���s New Look. Cued by a compelling range of similarities between these images this paper explores links between fashion, feminism and fiction in mid-century French culture.

Impact of child labor on academic performance : evidence from the program "Ed��came Primero Colombia"

In this study, the effects of different variables of child labor on academic performance are investigated. To this end, 3302 children participating in the child labor eradication program ���Ed��came Primero Colombia��� were interviewed. The interview format used for the children's enrollment into the program was a template from which socioeconomic conditions, academic performance, and child labor variables were evaluated. The academic performance factor was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data were analyzed through a logistic regression model that took into account children who engaged in a type of labor (n = 921). The results showed that labor conditions, the number of weekly hours dedicated to work, and the presence of work scheduled in the morning negatively affected the academic performance of child laborers. These results show that the relationship between child labor and academic performance is based on the conflict between these two activities. These results do not indicate a linear and simple relationship associated with the recognition of the presence or absence of child labor. This study has implications for the formulation of policies, programs, and interventions for preventing, eradicating, and attenuating the negative effects of child labor on the social and educational development of children.

���It���s about finding a way��� : children, sites of opportunity, and building everyday peace in Colombia

The multiple forms of violence associated with protracted conflict disproportionately affect young people. Literature on conflict-affected children often focuses on the need to provide stability and security through institutions such as schools but rarely considers how young people themselves see these sites as part of their everyday lives. The enduring, pervasive, and complex nature of Colombia���s conflict means many young Colombians face the challenges of poverty, persistent social exclusion, and violence. Such conditions are exacerbated in ���informal��� barrio communities such as los Altos de Cazuc��, just south of the capital Bogot��. Drawing on field research in this community, particularly through interviews conducted with young people aged 10 to 17 this article explores how young people themselves understand the roles of the local school and ngo in their personal conceptualisations of the violence in their everyday lives. The evidence indicates that children use spaces available to them opportunistically and that these actions can and should be read as contributing to local, everyday forms of peacebuilding. The ways in which institutional spaces are understood and used by young people as ���sites of opportunity��� challenges the assumed illegitimacy of young people���s voices and experiences in these environments.

Envisaging change: Supporting grassroots efforts in Colombia with agonistic design processes

Design has become increasingly engaged with bringing about social change. Shifting domains and perspectives to conflict stricken contexts yield opportunities to explore emerging forms of design that enable the expression and articulation of difference in productive ways, which can contribute positively to efforts related to civic issues and struggles in urban settings from developing countries. We explore the recently developed notion of Adversarial Design to support the integration of diverging perspectives and grassroots voices in the design process. This paper presents the findings and design insights from our study with two grassroots organisations in Bogota, Colombia. We present three themes that expose ways in which conflict motivates bringing about change, the importance of the social and physical features of the urban landscape, and the way in which social change acts as catalyst for acquiring new knowledge. To finalise, we discuss two design areas and how design could be used to integrate dissimilar worldviews.

Breeding and fecundity of the endemic Australian gudgeon, sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus (Steindachner 1867) (Eleotridae)

Sleepy cod (Oxyeleotris lineolatus Steindachner) is a tropical species of eleotrid native to northern Australia. A related species, sand or marbled goby, is the highest priced freshwater fish in Asia, and a market for a similar fish exists in expatriate Chinese communities. Sleepy cod breed when minimum temperatures reach 24 ��C for more than 3 days. During the breeding season the genital papilla is broad and flattened in females compared to the triangular papilla of males and juveniles. Spawning pairs were usually of approximately equal size. Females could spawn up to 10 times during one breeding season. Wet weather increased the frequency of spawning. Eggs were usually laid hanging from the underside of a surface. Most spawning occurred between 05:00 and 10:00 h. Females attended egg masses immediately after spawning, after which males cared for eggs until hatching, 3���5 days later. Agitation of the egg mass was essential for development. The mean number of eggs per spawning was 43 130. Larvae commenced feeding 2���5 days after hatching, on plankton from 100 to 250 m in size. A spawning trap used to collect egg masses is described. The breeding biology of sleepy cod is considered to be an adaptation to the monsoonal tropics.

Land grabs, bio-piracy and the inversion of justice in Colombia

The possibility of commercially exploiting plant, animal and human genetic resources unlocked by biotechnology has given rise to a wide range of cultural, environmental, ethical and economic conflicts. While supporters describe this activity as bioprospecting, critics refer to it as biopiracy. According to this latter view, international legal agreements and treaties have disregarded opposition and legalized the possibility of appropriating genetic resources and their derivative products through the use of patents. The legal framework that permits the appropriation of natural genetic products in Colombia also criminalizes aspects of traditional ways of life and enables a legally approved but socially harmful land-grabbing process. The article describes these processes and impact in terms of the inversion of justice and the erosion of environmental sustainability.

Isaac Ottenberg Collection 1832-1867

Official German documents for Isaac Ottenberg, dated 1851, 1852, 1854. Also included is a handwritten letter to Herr Cronebold, June 1863.

Queens Bet Din Gittin / Rabbi Faber Records. 1947-1994 (bulk 1974-1992)

This is a collection of the records of Rabbi Salamon Faber, Chair of the Queens Bet Din or Rabbinic Court, concerning the gittin (plural of get, Jewish religious divorces) that the Queens Bet Din granted between 1947 and 1992. These records include Rabbi���s Faber���s personal notes about the gittin, correspondence with the husband and wife and with any other concerned parties, copies of civil and religious marriage and divorce documents, divorce contracts signed by the husband, and copies of conversion certificates.

Jewish Historical Committee (Boston, Mass.) minutes, 1947.

Contains the minutes of the Committee, which was sponsored by the Associated Synagogues of Massachusetts, for the purpose of collecting and preserving material concerning the history of Boston Jewry.

Eugene Katz Collection 1947-1992

Various materials pertaining to the recollections of Eugene (Egon) Katz about his life in the 1920s and 1930s in Barntrup in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Gertrud and Louis Stern Collection 1932-1947

Gisela Simon, n��e Stern was born 1931, the daughter of the butcher Louis Stern (born 1891 in Abterode) and Gertrud Stern n��e Fackenheim (born 1898 in Halle a.d.S.). The family was deported to Theresienstadt in 1942 and immigrated to the United States after liberation.

Prueba avanzada de rendimiento y evaluaci��n de diez lineas promisorias de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en comparaci��n con tres variedades comerciales bajo condiciones de secano. Chinandega

El presente trabajo se realiz�� en el la localidad El Bejuco, municipio El Viejo, departamento Chinandega, con el objetivo de evaluar la adaptabilidad y comportamiento agron��mico de diez lineas y tres variedades de arroz en Prueba Avanzada de Rendimiento. Se utiliz�� el dise��o experimental de Bloques Completos al Azar con cuatro repeticiones, el ensayo se estableci�� en condiciones de secano favorecido, con el m��todo de siembra a chorrillo. Para el siguiente estudio se tom�� como par��metro el sistema de Evaluaci��n Est��ndar del CIAT de Colombia, evalu��ndose caracter��sticas como floraci��n, altura de planta, acame, exerci��n, desgrane, senescencia, aceptabilidad fenot��pica y la determinaci��n del rendimiento y sus componentes as�� como la calidad industrial. Los datos cuantitativos se realizaron a trav��s de la prueba de rangos m��ltiples de Tukey obteni��ndose sus respectivas medias. En base a los resultados obtenidos en las evaluaciones de las caracter��sticas agron��micas, para la variable altura todos los cultivares son semienanos, medianamente macolladores, las lineas CT 8008- 16-29-1P, CT 8553-31-MI-MC, CT 9153, P4-127-F3-30, Cuyamel 3820 y CT 5747-24-5 son resistentes al acame. En cuanto a los componentes del rendimiento las mayores longitudes de pan��cula con 28.6, 27.2 y 25.9 fueron obtenidas por P4-127-F3-30, Taichung sen���10 y CT 8008-16-29-1P; para el n��mero de granos llenos por pan��culas los mayores valores lo obtuvieron los cultivares INTA N-1, CT 8837-3C-4C-MC, P4-127- F3-30 y Taichung sen-10 con 176, 152 y 151 granos llenos; para peso de 1000 granos los mejores valores lo presentaron los materiales CT 8553-31-MI-MC, Taichung sen-10, CT 8240-1-3-SP y CT 9153 con 28.9, 27.6, 27.5 y 26.9 gramos respectivamente. En rendimiento de grano (Kg/ha) los mejores resultados lo obtuvieron INTA N-1, Taichung sen-10, CT 8240-1-3-5P y CT 8553-31-MI-MC con 4852.6, 4722.0, 4700.1 y 4382.2 kilogramos por hect��rea respectivamente.