El mapa Disturnell de 1847

Este mapa editado en la ciudad de Nueva York es de importancia excepcional en la historia de la relación entre México y Estados Unidos, entre otras cosas, debido a su función de servir de base, con todo y sus errores, en el Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo de 1848; documento que estableció los límites de la nueva frontera.

Artemio Benavides Hinojosa: “La historia no es tribunal”

Entrevista al historiador Artemio Benavides Hinojosa.

Cantar a los narcos. Voces y versos del narcocorrido

Acercamiento histórico a la historia de los narcocorridos en México.

Diario de las operaciones de la División del Norte

El diario de las operaciones de la División del Norte, que se encuentra en el Archivo Histórico en la Ciudad de México, narra con particular detalle las incidencias de la campaña de este ejército al mando del General Mariano Arista, dentro de las hostilidades entre México y Estados Unidos.

El emplazamiento de los cuerpos. Elementos para una interpretación sobre la Batalla de Monterrey durante la guerra México-Estados Unidos en 1846

El análisis que plantea esta publicación sobre la guerra México-Estados Unidos, parte desde un ángulo distinto a las historias generales que se han publicado sobre este conflicto, ya que no se enfoca únicamente sobre el acontecimiento definido como la Batalla de Monterrey, sino que busca comprender el papel desempeñado por los actores locales frente a los ejércitos mexicanos y norteamericanos que ocuparon la ciudad,como parte del proceso de la configuración regional en el marco de una frontera y un estado nacional en construcción.

Inicios de la Marina Mercante de Chile: 1800-1870

Introducción El tema que he escogido para mi disertación en este Simposio sobre “Historia Marítima del Pacífico”, al que hemos sido convocados por el Centro de Investigaciones Historicas de America Central de la Universidad de Costa Rica y que se realiza el San José entre los días 13 y 15 de febrero del año 2001, tiene relación con algunas figuras de empresarios chilenos que constituyen en autenticos precursores de la actividad naviera privada y del comercion chileno de ultramar, como son los señores Jose Francisco de Urrutia Mendiburu y su sueño frustrado de abrir ruta del intercambio mercantil con las islas filipinas en el siglo XVII; Manuel Maria de Undurraga y Yavar, precursor de la idea de establecer una zona marítima costera de explotación exclusiva para Chile; Nicolas de la Curz y Bahamonde, exitoso comerciante chileno establecido en Cadis, caballero ilustrado y primer Conde de Maule…

LAS ERUPCIONES DEL VOLCAN ARENAL, COSTA RICA

En este articulo hemos considerado el Volcán Arenal, como un ejemplo típico en America Central del vulcanismo explosivo basalticoandesitico. Presentamos en la primera parte una teoría general de los procesos que se encuentran  en el volcanismo explosivo, distinguiendo en primer lugar los productos de las erupciones, y en segundo lugar la combinación de los hechos eruptivos con las leyes de la mecánica de los fluidos. Esta combinación es muy eficiente para explicar las estructuras físicas de las erupciones y al mismo tiempo revela una gran complejidad de los problemas geofísicos, geoquímicos y fluido-mecánicos, que se son el fundamento del volcanismo. En la segunda parte parte enfocamos la actividad del Arenal en el contexto de la tectónica regional, haciendo al mismo tiempo un análisis detallado de la evolución de los cráteres y migración de la actividad. La estructura y dinámica de las varias unidades de flujo que constituyen el campo lávico  fueron explicadas de acuerdo a los principios aplicables a los fluidos no newtonianos andesitico y, en particular, de este volcán.

The crisis in Central America: its origins, scope and consequences

Includes bibliography

Centroamérica: bases de una política de reactivación y desarrollo = Central America: bases for reactivation and development

Incluye Bibliografía

Central America: bases for a reactivation and development policy

Includes bibliography

Crisis en Centroamérica: orígenes, alcances y consecuencias = Crisis in Central America: its origins, scope and consequences

Incluye Bibliografía

First Report of the Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia amblyommii and Rickettsia felis in Central America

During 2010, 15 adult ticks, identified as Amblyomma cajennense, were collected from horses in Cahuita and Turrialba districts, whereas 7 fleas, identified as Ctenocephalides felis, were collected from a dog in San Jose city, Costa Rica. In the laboratory, three A. cajennense specimens, two from Cahuita and one from Turrialba, were individually processed for rickettsial isolation in cell culture, as was a pool of seven fleas. Rickettsiae were successfully isolated and established in Vero cell culture from the three ticks and from a pool of seven fleas in C6/36 cell culture. The three tick isolates were genotypically identified as Rickettsia amblyommii, and the flea isolate was identified as Rickettsia felis through DNA sequencing of portions of the rickettsial genes gltA, ompA, and ompB of each isolate. In addition, other seven ticks were shown to contain rickettsial DNA. Polymerase chain reaction products of at least two of these ticks were sequenced and also showed to correspond to R. amblyommii. Overall, 66.7% (10/15) of the A. cajennense adult ticks were found to be infected with rickettsiae. This is the first report of a successful isolation in cell culture of R. amblyommii and R. felis from Central America.

Sexual maturity and egg production in an unexploited population of the red squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda, Galatheidae) from Central America

The squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon is one of the most common and abundant galatheid species in the deepwater fishery of Pacific coast of America. In contrast with Peru and Chile, the red squat lobster is not commercially exploited in Costa Rica. Here we estimated the size of sexual maturity and analysed egg production in P. monodon from the Pacific of Costa Rica; the results might be important for an adequate management strategy when initiating a sustainable fishery of this resource in Costa Rica. Analyses of allometric growth revealed that females and males reached their morphological sexual maturity at 26.9 and 30.4 mm CL. respectively. The percentage of immature females captured in the present study (54%) suggests that almost half of females are able to reproduce before they are caught. Egg production was positively correlated with body size; females that measured between 24.1 and 29.0 mm CL contributed roughly 90% to the offspring production of the population. Females from Costa Rica had a considerably lower average egg volume (0.039 mm(3)) and higher fecundity (9810) than females from Chile. In comparison to other American galatheids P. monodon from Costa Rica produces numerous but small eggs, a typical strategy of species with a prolonged larval development. An analysis between our results and information published about P. monodon from Chile also revealed differences in the size-frequency distribution shape of both populations. The non-exploited character of the Costa Rican P. monodon population and a latitudinal (temperature-related) cline in body size might be associated with these differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First isolation and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis in Costa Rica, Central America

The present study investigated Ehrlichia species in blood samples from dogs suspected of clinical ehrlichiosis, using molecular and isolation techniques in cell culture. From a total of 310 canine blood samples analyzed by 16S rRNA nested PCR, 148 (47.7%) were positive for Ehrlichia canis. DNA from Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii was not detected in any sample using species-specific primers in separated reactions. Leukocytes from five PCR-positive dogs were inoculated into DH82 cells; successful isolation of E. canis was obtained in four samples. Partial sequence of the dsb gene of eight canine blood samples (including the five samples for in vitro isolation) was obtained by PCR and their analyses through BLAST showed 100% of identity with the corresponding sequence of E. canis in GenBank. This study represents the first molecular diagnosis, isolation, and molecular characterization of E. canis in dogs from Costa Rica. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Access to medicines for acute illness in middle income countries in Central America

OBJECTIVE : To analyze the main predictors of access to medicines for persons who experienced acute health conditions. METHODS : This was a cross-sectional analytic study, based on data from household surveys. We examined the predictors of: (1) seeking care for acute illness in the formal health care system and (2) obtaining all medicines sought for the acute condition. RESULTS : The significant predictors of seeking health care for acute illnesses were urban geographic location, head of household with secondary school education or above, age under 15, severity of illness perceived by the respondent, and having health insurance. The most important predictor of obtaining full access to medicines was seeking care in the formal health care system. People who sought care in the formal system were three times more likely to receive all the medicines sought (OR 3.0, 95%CI 2.3;4.0). For those who sought care in the formal health system, the strongest predictors of full access to medicines were seeking care in the private sector, having secondary school education or above, and positive perceptions of quality of health care and medicines in public sector health facilities. For patients who did not seek care in the formal health system, full access to medicines was more likely in Honduras or Nicaragua than in Guatemala. Urban geographic location, higher economic status, and male gender were also significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS : A substantial part of the population in these three countries sought and obtained medicines outside of the formal health care system, which may compromise quality of care and pose a risk to patients. Determinants of full access to medicines inside and outside the formal health care system differ, and thus may require different strategies to improve access to medicines.