In vivo fluctuation of Tax, Foxp3, CTLA-4, and GITR mRNA expression in CD4+CD25+ T cells of patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy

HTLV-1 Tax expression exerts an inhibitory effect on the Foxp3 transcription factor in CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells (Treg). For a better understanding of the role of Tax mRNA in the gene expression of cellular markers we measured Tax, Foxp3, CTLA-4, GITR, TGF-β, and IL-10 mRNA in Treg cells of 50 patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP; 27 women and 23 men; mean age: 56.7 years). The control group consisted of 23 non-infected subjects (12 women and 11 men) with a mean age of 51.3 years. Real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA of Tax proteins and several cellular markers of Treg function. Determinations revealed a high level of Tax mRNA in HAM/TSP (124.35 copies/100 CD4+CD25+ T cells). Foxp3, GITR, and CTLA-4 mRNA levels were lower in HAM/TSP patients (mean ± SD, 22.07 ± 0.78, 9.63 ± 0.36, and 4.54 ± 0.39, respectively) than in non-infected controls (47.15 ± 12.94, 22.14 ± 1.91, and 21.07 ± 2.31). Both groups had similar levels of TGF-β and IL-10. An inverse relationship was found between Tax levels and Foxp3, CTLA-4, and GITR levels. Conversely, there was a direct correlation between levels of Foxp3, GITR, and CTLA-4. Disease severity and evolution time did not correlate with Tax or Foxp3 levels. The present results suggest that Tax and Foxp3 mRNA vary with the same degree of disease severity in HAM/TSP patients. Tax fluctuations may affect CTLA-4 and GITR expression via the Foxp3 pathway, causing virus-induced dysfunction of CD4+CD25+ T cells in HAM/TSP patients.

Evidence for the involvement of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in delayed liquid gastric emptying induced by dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine in rats

Dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and antipyrine (At) delay liquid gastric emptying (GE) in rats. We evaluated adrenergic participation in this phenomenon in a study in male Wistar rats (250-300 g) pretreated subcutaneously with guanethidine (GUA), 100 mg·kg−1·day−1, or vehicle (V) for 2 days before experimental treatments. Other groups of animals were pretreated intravenously (iv) 15 min before treatment with V, prazosin (PRA; 1 mg/kg), yohimbine (YOH; 3 mg/kg), or propranolol (PRO; 4 mg/kg), or with intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 25 µg PRO or V. The groups were treated iv with saline or with 240 µmol/kg Dp, AA, or At. GE was determined 10 min later by measuring the percentage of gastric retention (%GR) of saline labeled with phenol red 10 min after gavage. %GR (mean±SE, n=8) indicated that GUA abolished the effect of Dp (GUA vs V=31.7±1.6 vs47.1±2.3%) and of At (33.2±2.3 vs 54.7±3.6%) on GE and significantly reduced the effect of AA (48.1±3.2 vs67.2±3.1%). PRA and YOH did not modify the effect of the drugs. %GR (mean±SE, n=8) indicated that iv, but noticv, PRO abolished the effect of Dp (PROvs V=29.1±1.7 vs 46.9±2.7%) and At (30.5±1.7 vs 49±3.2%) and significantly reduced the effect of AA (48.4±2.6 vs 59.5±3.1%). These data suggest activation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in the delayed GE induced by phenylpyrazolone derivatives.

Recueil des titres concernans l'union des collèges de Boncour et Tournay au collège royal de Navarre... Procez verbal du 31 aoust 1637

[Acte. 1637-08-31]

Les oiseaux de la rue : scènes populaires en 3 actes et 4 tableaux / par MM. Lambert Thiboust et Delacour ; [musique nouvelle de M. J. Nargeot]

Collection : Théâtre contemporain illustré ; 150e livraison

Déclaration... pour rembourser par les huissiers audianciers des Cours et présidiaux les offices d'huissiers des chancelleries... Registrée en Parlement [le 31 décembre 1700]

[Acte royal. 1700-12-18. Versailles]

Convention collective nationale des industries de l'habillement. [Arrêté du Ministère du travail du 23 juillet 1959. Éd. mise à jour au...]. 31 mars 1965

[Convention collective. Industrie de l'habillement. France. 1959-]

(Arrêt du grand conseil qui déclare nul un arrêt du parlement de Rouen du 31 août 1775 par lequel défenses sont faites aux bailliages du ressort dudit parlement d'enregistrer aucuns édits, déclarations et lettres patentes qu'ils n'aient été préalablement vérifiés audit parlement.)

[Acte. 1776-04-25. Paris]

Arrêt du Grand Conseil... (qui annule l'arrêt du Parlement de Nancy du 31 mai dernier, ordonne que, sans s'y arrêter, les arrêts du Conseil du 13 mars précédent et du 25 avril dernier seront exécutés, etc.)

[Acte. 1776-06-21. Paris]

ALBUM AMICORUM de Daniel Rindfleisch de Memmingen (1590-1591). In-8 de 15 f. interfoliés de papier blanc. — KNIGHTS made by K. Charles 2d, alphabetically digested. In-8 de 4 f. — Ensemble 2 parties en un vol. in-8, mar. viol. jans. (Hans Asper.)

Rindfleisch (Daniel). Album amicorum (1590-1591)