Formulaire de chancellerie, formé d'actes du règne de LOUIS XI, parmi lesquels sont à signaler les suivants, qui tous, sauf indication contraire, émanent de ce prince.

Contient : 1° D'une table des pièces, qui commence au feuillet 134, se continue aux feuillets 135 et 136, et s'achève aux feuillets 131 v° et 132 r° ; 2° D'une ballade, dont le refrain est : « Faulte d'argent la douleur non pareille » (fol. 137 r°) ; 3° D'un petit glossaire latin (fol. 138 r°) ; 4° D'une ballade, dont le refrain est : « Tost est deffait qui autrui veult deffaire » (fol. 138 v°) ; 5° D'un petit glossaire latin-latin et latin-français (fol. 139 r°) ; 6° De deux lettres ; l'une de BONIFACE VIII à Philippe-le-Bel, l'autre de PHILIPPE-LE-BEL à Boniface VIII (fol. 139 v°)

Conception et réalisation d'un nouveau répertoire terminologique et documentaire unifié : le terminaire ou thésaurus TERMDOC des documents professionnels de correspondance

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.

Le profil de virulence d' Escherichia coli intra-utérin permettrait de prédire la métrite postpartum chez la vache laitière

Les objectifs de cette étude ont été de : (1) déterminer s’il existe une association entre la présence intra-utérine d'Escherichia coli dans la 1 ère semaine postpartum et le développement de la métrite postpartum, (2) déterminer s’il y a une association entre les gènes de virulence d'E. coli et la métrite postpartum, et (3) d'évaluer si les analyses bactériologiques (bactéries et gènes de virulence d'E. coli) pourraient prédire la métrite postpartum chez la vache laitière. Des écouvillons utérins ont été prélevés dans la première semaine postpartum sur 486 vaches de race Holstein et soumis au laboratoire pour détection de E. coli. Les gènes de virulence d'E. coli ont été identifiés par la technique d'hybridation des sondes radioactives. Un total de 252 vaches (52%) ont été positives à E. coli et 67 vaches positives à la métrite postpartum (13,7%). Les vaches positives à E. coli intra-utérin dès la première semaine postpartum avaient un risque 2,6 fois plus élevé de développer la métrite postpartum que les vaches sans E. coli. La plupart des E. coli possédaient un ou plusieurs gènes des E. coli d'origine extra-intestinale (ExPEC) dont fimH (89%), HlyE (87%) et iss (70%). Parmi les autres gènes ExPEC, on a retrouvé sitA (23%), fepC (20%) hra1 (20%) malX (14%) tsh (11%) et bien d'autres. Les gènes de virulence kpsMTII et hra1 ont été associés à la métrite postpartum avec un rapport de cote de 4,3 chacun. La présence d'E. coli dans l'utérus avait une valeur prédictive positive de 18% tandis que la présence des gènes kpsMTII et hra1 avait une valeur prédictive positive de 36% et 31% respectivement. La détection de certains gènes de virulence d'E. coli dans les prélèvements utérins pourrait renseigner sur le risque de développement de la métrite postpartum chez la vache laitière. Les études ultérieures pourraient tester encore plus de gènes et viser à développer des tests de dépistage simple, facilement et rapidement applicable à la ferme.

Development and Analysis of a Novel Isosceles Trapezoidal Dielectric Resonator Antenna For Wireless Communication

This thesis describes the development and analysis of an Isosceles Trapezoidal Dielectric Resonator Antenna (ITDRA) by realizing different DR orientations with suitable feed configurations enabling it to be used as multiband, dual band dual polarized and wideband applications. The motivation for this work has been inspired by the need for compact, high efficient, low cost antenna suitable for multi band application, dual band dual polarized operation and broadband operation with the possibility of using with MICs, and to ensure less expensive, more efficient and quality wireless communication systems. To satisfy these challenging demands a novel shaped Dielectric Resonator (DR) is fabricated and investigated for the possibility of above required properties by trying out different orientations of the DR on a simple microstrip feed and with slotted ground plane as well. The thesis initially discusses and evaluates recent and past developments taken place within the microwave industry on this topic through a concise review of literature. Then the theoretical aspects of DRA and different feeding techniques are described. Following this, fabrication and characterization of DRA is explained. To achieve the desired requirements as above both simulations and experimental measurements were undertaken. A 3-D finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic simulation tool, HFSSTM by Agilent, is used to determine the optimum geometry of the dielectric resonator. It was found to be useful in producing approximate results although it had some limitations. A numerical analysis technique, finite difference time domain (FDTD) is used for validating the results of wide band design at the end. MATLAB is used for modeling the ITDR and implementing FDTD analysis. In conclusion this work offers a new, efficient and relatively simple alternative for antennas to be used for multiple requirements in the wireless communication system.

4,5-Dihydro-1,3-dioxepine als chirale Bausteine in der enantioselektiven organischen Synthese

Durch asymmetrische Doppelbindungsisomerisierung mittels Me-DuPHOS-modifizierter Dihalogen-Nickel-Komplexe als Katalysatorvorstufen lassen sich aus 2-Alkyl-4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepinen hochenantiomerenreine 2-Alkyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-dioxepine erhalten. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die bisher noch unbekannte Absolutkonfiguration dieses Verbindungstyps zu bestimmen und darüber hinaus ihre Einsatzfähigkeit in der enantioselektiven organischen Synthese zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden enantiomerenangereichertes 2-Isopropyl- und 2-tert-Butyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-dioxepin mit m-Chlorperbenzoesäure epoxidiert. Dabei bildeten sich die entsprechenden 3-Chlorbenzoesäure-(2-alkyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxepan-4yl)-ester in hohen Ausbeuten und Diastereoselektivitäten. Von den vier zu erwartenden Diastereomeren wurden jeweils nur zwei mit einer Selektivität von mehr als 95:5 gebildet. Im Fall des 3-Chlorbenzoesäure-(2-isopropyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxepan-4yl)-esters konnte das Haupt-diastereomer kristallin erhalten werden. Durch röntgenspektroskopische Untersuchung war es möglich, die Relativ-Konfiguration dieser Verbindung zu bestimmen. Die Ester lassen sich unter Ringverengung in 2-Alkyl-1,3-dioxan-4-carbaldehyde umlagern. Ausgehend von diesen Carbaldehyden stehen zwei Synthesewege zur Verfügung, welche zu Verbindungen führen deren Absolutkonfiguration bereits bekannt ist. So erhält man durch Reduktion 2-Alkyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl-methanole, welche sich in 1,2,4-Butantriol überführen lassen. Oxidation ergibt die 2-Alkyl-1,3-dioxan-4-carbonsäuren, aus denen 3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-on gewonnen werden kann. Messung des Drehwertes dieser beiden literaturbekannten Verbindungen liefert nicht nur Information über deren Enantiomerenreinheit sondern ebenfalls über die Konfiguration ihres Stereozentrums. In Kombination mit der Relativ-Konfiguration des Esters ist somit ein Rückschluss auf die Absolutkonfiguration der eingesetzten 4,5-Dihydro-1,3-dioxepine möglich. Die auf den beschriebenen Wegen gewonnenen Substanzen finden Anwendung in der stereoselektiven organischen Synthese. Löst man die Chlorbenzoesäureester in Dichlormethan und behandelt sie mit wässriger Salzsäure, so entstehen die bicyclischen 2-Alkyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole. Auch bei diesen Verbindungen konnten hohe Enantio- und Diastereoselektivitäten erzielt werden. Der intermolekular verlaufende Reaktionsmechanismus der Bicyclus-Bildung, welcher unter Abspaltung eines den Alkylrest tragenden Aldehyds und dessen Neuanlagerung unter Ausbildung eines Acetals verläuft, konnte in dieser Arbeit durch ein Kreuzungsexperiment bestätigt werden. Umacetalisierung der Bicyclen liefert 2-Methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-ol, aus dem durch Acetalspaltung Tetrahydrofuran-2,3-diol erhalten wird, das die Halbacetalform der entsprechenden Desoxytetrose darstellt, die auf diese Weise in einer de novo-Synthese hergestellt werden kann.

Aplicació de tècniques de creativitat a assignatures d'enginyeria

'Dibuix i disseny industrial' és una assignatura optativa dins dels estudis (en procés d'extinció) d'enginyeria industrial i mecànica de la Universitat de Girona. La distribució és de 5 crèdits, repartits en 3 d'aula de teoria i 2 d'aula informàtica. L'assignatura té uns continguts i unes competències amb una forta component tècnica. Els professors, després d'estudiar iniciatives semblants a nivell internacional, hem considerat que el treball en grup, l'aprenentatge mitjançant projecte (PBL) i la utilització de tècniques creatives, són les estratègies més adequades per aconseguir desenvolupar les competències. Presentem la nostra experiència en la forma del procés adoptat i els resultats obtinguts

Sistema informàtic de gestió, processament i anàlisi d'imatges confocals per a l'ajuda en la diagnosi del càncer de pell

El càncer de pell es considera un dels tipus de càncer més freqüents actualment, entre d'altres factors degut a l'augment en l'exposició a la radiació ultraviolada (UV). Recentment la utilització de la Microscòpia Confocal (MCF) per a l'avaluació i diagnosi del càncer de pell ha rebut un important interès. El principal avantatge és la capacitat de visualitzar en temps real la regió d'interès a nivell cel·lular, similar a la informació obtinguda en una biòpsia, sense el patiment que suposa per al pacient. El principal inconvenient però, és que les imatges obtingudes amb MCF són difícils d'interpretar per als metges en el format actual (conjunt de talls 2D a diferents profunditats de la pell). El microscopi confocal és una de les tècniques més actuals de diagnòstic, i s'ha establert com a una eina per obtenir imatges d'alta resolució i reconstruccions 3-D d'una gran varietat de mostres biològiques. És capaç d'escombrar diferents plans en l'eix Z, obtenint imatges 2D de diferent profunditat juntament amb la informació dels paràmetres de captura (com ara la profunditat, potència del làser, posicionament en x,y,z, etc). Mitjançant eines informàtiques es pot integrar aquesta informació en un model 3D de la regió d'interès. L'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte és el desenvolupament d'una eina per a l'ajuda en la interpretació de les imatges MCF i així poder millorar el diagnosi del càncer de pell

The production, purification and characterisation of two novel alpha-D-mannosidases from Aspergillus phoenicis

1,6-alpha-D-Mannosidase from Aspergillits phoenicis was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocussing and size-exclusion chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was 74 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 81 kDa by native-PAGE. The isoelectric point was 4.6. 1,6-alpha-D-Mannosidase had a temperature optimum of 60 degrees C, a pH optimum of 4.0-4.5. a K-m of 14 mM with alpha-D-Manp-(1 -> 6)-D-Manp as substrate. It was strongly inhibited by Mn2+ and did not need Ca2+ or any other metal cofactor of those tested. The enzyme cleaves specifically (1 -> 6)-linked mannobiose and has no activity towards any other linkages, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside or baker's yeast mannan. 1,3(1,6)-alpha-D-Mannosidase from A. phoenicis was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocus sing and size-exclusion chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was 97 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 110 kDa by native-PAGE. The 1,3(1,6)-alpha-D-mannosidase enzyme existed as two charge isomers or isoforms. The isoelectric points of these were 4.3 and 4.8 by isoelectric focussing. It cleaves alpha-D-Manp-(1 -> 3)-D-Manp 10 times faster than alpha-D-Manp-(1 -> 6)-D-Manp, has very low activity towards p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and baker's yeast mannan, and no activity towards alpha-D-Manp-(1 -> 2)-D-Manp. The activity towards (1 -> 3)-linked mannobiose is strongly activated by 1 mM Ca2+ and inhibited by 10 mM EDTA, while (1 -> 6)-activity is unaffected, indicating that the two activities may be associated with different polypeptides. It is also possible that one polypeptide may have two active sites catalysing distinct activities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Regioselective synthesis of mannobiose and mannotriose by reverse hydrolysis using a novel 1,6-alpha-D-mannosidase from Aspergillus phoenicis

A novel 1,6-alpha-D-mannosidase was produced by Aspergillus phoenicis grown on a commercial manno-oligosaccharide preparation in liquid culture. The enzyme hydrolysed only alpha-D-Manp-(1 --> 6)-D-Manp and did not act on alpha-D-Manp-(1 --> 2)-D-Manp, or alpha-D-Manp-(1 --> 3)-D-Manp. The 1,6-alpha-D-mannosidase was used for synthesis of manno-oligosaccharides by reverse hydrolysis reaction. The highest yields, expressed as percentages (w/w) of total sugar, were similar to21% mannobiose and similar to5% mannotriose, and they were obtained with 45% (w/w) initial mannose concentration at pH 4.5 after 12 days incubation at 55 degreesC. The disaccharide and trisaccharide products were separated and their structures determined by methylation analysis. Only 1-6 linkages were found in both of them. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Singularities of optimal control problems on some 6-D lie groups

This paper considers the motion planning problem for oriented vehicles travelling at unit speed in a 3-D space. A Lie group formulation arises naturally and the vehicles are modeled as kinematic control systems with drift defined on the orthonormal frame bundles of particular Riemannian manifolds, specifically, the 3-D space forms Euclidean space E-3, the sphere S-3, and the hyperboloid H'. The corresponding frame bundles are equal to the Euclidean group of motions SE(3), the rotation group SO(4), and the Lorentz group SO (1, 3). The maximum principle of optimal control shifts the emphasis for these systems to the associated Hamiltonian formalism. For an integrable case, the extremal curves are explicitly expressed in terms of elliptic functions. In this paper, a study at the singularities of the extremal curves are given, which correspond to critical points of these elliptic functions. The extremal curves are characterized as the intersections of invariant surfaces and are illustrated graphically at the singular points. It. is then shown that the projections, of the extremals onto the base space, called elastica, at these singular points, are curves of constant curvature and torsion, which in turn implies that the oriented vehicles trace helices.

Comparison of the open-closed separatrix in a global magnetospheric simulation with observations: the role of the ring current

The development of global magnetospheric models, such as Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), which can accurately reproduce and track space weather processes has high practical utility. We present an interval on 5 June 1998, where the location of the polar cap boundary, or open-closed field line boundary (OCB), can be determined in the ionosphere using a combination of instruments during a period encompassing a sharp northward to southward interplanetary field turning. We present both point- and time-varying comparisons of the observed and simulated boundaries in the ionosphere and find that when using solely the coupled ideal magnetohydrodynamic magnetosphere-ionosphere model, the rate of change of the OCB to a southward turning of the interplanetary field is significantly faster than that computed from the observational data. However, when the inner magnetospheric module is incorporated, the modeling framework both qualitatively, and often quantitatively, reproduces many elements of the studied interval prior to an observed substorm onset. This result demonstrates that the physics of the inner magnetosphere is critical in shaping the boundary between open and closed field lines during periods of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and provides significant insight into the 3-D time-dependent behavior of the Earth's magnetosphere in response to a northward-southward IMF turning. We assert that during periods that do not include the tens of minutes surrounding substorm expansion phase onset, the coupled SWMF model may provide a valuable and reliable tool for estimating both the OCB and magnetic field topology over a wide range of latitudes and local times.

Tracking the momentum flux of a CME and quantifying its influence on geomagnetically induced currents at Earth

We investigate a coronal mass ejection (CME) propagating toward Earth on 29 March 2011. This event is specifically chosen for its predominately northward directed magnetic field, so that the influence from the momentum flux onto Earth can be isolated. We focus our study on understanding how a small Earth-directed segment propagates. Mass images are created from the white-light cameras onboard STEREO which are also converted into mass height-time maps (mass J-maps). The mass tracks on these J-maps correspond to the sheath region between the CME and its associated shock front as detected by in situ measurements at L1. A time series of mass measurements from the STEREO COR-2A instrument is made along the Earth propagation direction. Qualitatively, this mass time series shows a remarkable resemblance to the L1 in situ density series. The in situ measurements are used as inputs into a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetospheric space weather simulation from the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. These simulations display a sudden compression of the magnetosphere from the large momentum flux at the leading edge of the CME, and predictions are made for the time derivative of the magnetic field (dB/dt) on the ground. The predicted dB/dt values were then compared with the observations from specific equatorially located ground stations and showed notable similarity. This study of the momentum of a CME from the Sun down to its influence on magnetic ground stations on Earth is presented as a preliminary proof of concept, such that future attempts may try to use remote sensing to create density and velocity time series as inputs to magnetospheric simulations.

Är teknikämnet efter över 20 år med egen kursplanpå väg att etablera sig i årskurs 1-3? : Åtta lärares beskrivning av sin planering och undervisning iteknik

Studien har haft som syfte att undersöka hur lärare i årskurs 1-3 planerar och genomförundervisning i teknik. Frågeställningarna som tagits fram för att för att få svar på studiens syfteär: hur beskriver lärarna att de planerar för teknikämnet, allmänt och i relation till det centralainnehållet för årskurs 1-3?, hur beskriver lärarna att de undervisar relaterat till det centralainnehållet i teknik för årskurs 1-3? samt vilka undervisningsmetoder används, enligt lärarna?Dessa frågor har det sökts svar på genom kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta lärare i årskurs 1-3.I resultatet framkommer att teknik är ett ämne som inte fullt ut har fått fäste i årskurs 1-3, då detvisar sig att flera lärare i studien saknar förtrogenheten med ämnets kursplan och planering ochundervisning beskrivs till stor del bedrivas tillsammans med No-ämnena. Teknikämnet har haften egen kursplan i tjugo år. Trots detta saknas på många skolor lärare med utbildning i tekniksamt material. Det framgår dock också i resultatet att några av de intervjuade lärarna ärintresserade och väl insatt i ämnets kursplan, även material i form av Skellefte-tekniken och NTAanvänds av flertalet av lärarna i studien. Teknikämnet behöver stärkas ytterligare som eget ämneoch i högre utsträckning undervisas separat för att ge eleverna en god uppfattning av vad som är teknik