Definición de un nuevo modelo de negocio sostenible y aplicable a la nueva realidad de negocios y social para la convergencia de operadores de telecomunicación e Internet

La presente tesis analiza la integración del sector de las telecomunicaciones con los de TI y medios que conforman el actual hiper-sector de las TIC, para abordar una propuesta de valor que se plantea a dos niveles. Se expone de un lado, la iniciativa WIMS 2.0, que aborda los aspectos tecnológicos y estratégicos de la convergencia telco e Internet para, posteriormente, definir un nuevo modelo de negocio, que adaptado al nuevo sector integrado y siguiendo paradigmas inéditos como los que plantea la innovación abierta, permita generar nuevos flujos de ingresos en áreas no habituales para los operadores de telecomunicaciones. A lo largo del capítulo 2, el lector encontrará la contextualización del entorno de las comunicaciones de banda ancha desde tres vertientes: los aspectos tecnológicos, los económicos y el mercado actual, todo ello enfocado en una dimensión nacional, europea y mundial. Se establece de esta manera las bases para el desarrollo de los siguientes capítulos al demostrar cómo la penetración de la banda ancha ha potenciado el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema de valor en el sector integrado de las TIC, alrededor del cual surgen propuestas de modelos de negocio originales que se catalogan en una taxonomía propia. En el tercer capítulo se detalla la propuesta de valor de la iniciativa WIMS 2.0, fundada y liderada por el autor de esta tesis. WIMS 2.0, como iniciativa abierta, se dirige a la comunidad como una propuesta de un nuevo ecosistema y como un modelo de referencia integrado sobre el que desplegar servicios convergentes. Adicionalmente, sobre el planteamiento teórico definido se aporta el enfoque práctico que supone el despliegue del modelo de referencia dentro de la arquitectura de un operador como Telefónica. El capítulo 4 muestra el modelo de negocio Innovación 2.0, basado en la innovación abierta con el objetivo de capturar nuevos flujos de ingresos incrementando el portfolio de servicios innovadores gracias a las ideas frescas y brillantes de start-ups. Innovación 2.0 lejos de quedarse en una mera propuesta teórica, muestra sus bondades en el éxito práctico en el mercado que ha validado las hipótesis planteadas. El último capítulo plantea las líneas futuras de investigación tanto en el ámbito de la iniciativa WIMS 2.0 como en el modelo de Innovación 2.0, algunas de las cuales se están comenzando a abordar. 3 Abstract This thesis examines the integration of telecommunications sector with IT and media that make up the current hyper-ICT sector, to address a value proposition that arises at two levels. On one side, WIMS 2.0 initiative, which addresses the technological and strategic aspects of the telco and Internet convergence to later define a new business model, adapted to the new integrated sector and following original paradigms such as those posed by open innovation, which generates new revenue streams in areas not typical for telecom operators. Throughout Chapter 2, the reader will find the contextualization of the broadband communications environment from three aspects: technological, economic and the current market all focused on a national, European and world scale. Thus it establishes the basis for the development of the following chapters by demonstrating how the penetration of broadband has led to the development of a new value system in the integrated sector of the ICT, around which arise proposals of originals business models, which are categorized in a own taxonomy. The third chapter outlines the value proposition of the WIMS 2.0 initiative, founded and led by the author of this thesis. WIMS 2.0, as open initiative, presents to the community a proposal for a new ecosystem and an integrated reference model on which to deploy converged services. Additionally, above the theoretical approach defined, WIMS 2.0 provides the practical approach is provided which is the deployment of the reference model into the architecture of an operator such as Telefónica. Chapter 4 shows the Innovation 2.0 business model, based on open innovation with the goal of capturing new revenue streams by increasing the portfolio of innovative services thanks to the fresh and brilliant ideas from start-ups. Innovation 2.0, far from being a mere theoretical proposition, shows its benefits in the successful deployment in the market, which has validated the hypotheses. The last chapter sets out the future research at both the WIMS 2.0 initiative and Innovation 2.0 model, some of which are beginning to be addressed.

El nuevo reto de relación con los clientes: Social CRM

La evolución de Internet al modelo Web 2.0, ha creado el nuevo sistema denominado Social Media, donde han proliferado un número ingente de redes sociales, que han cambiado las formas de relación y colaboración entre los usuarios, así como la relaciones de éstos y las empresas. En respuesta a estos dramáticos cambios sociales y tecnológicos, que actualmente están dando forma a las relaciones negocio-empresa, las empresas están descubriendo que es necesario modificar la estrategia de utilización del CRM (Customer Relationship Management) con sus clientes y desarrollar nuevas capacidades que permitan la creación de valor con los clientes. Y es aquí donde aparece el concepto de Social CRM, entendido como una estrategia centrada en entender, anticiparse y responder mejor a las necesidades de los clientes existentes o potenciales, aprovechando los datos sociales, para crear unas fuertes relaciones beneficiosas para ambas partes. En este trabajo se describe un modelo de adopción de Social CRM, aplicando un método de análisis “Top-Down”, y basado en el modelo de Gartner denominado “The Eight Building Blocks of CRM” [1]. El presente trabajo descompone el modelo de adopción descrito por Gartner, en los siguientes puntos. - Una decisión estratégica de la compañía - Asomarse a la realidad social - Analizar las redes sociales. - Metodología de adopción. - Despliegue y extensión en todos los departamentos de la compañía y la adaptación de los recursos humanos. - Selección e integración con las plataformas tradicionales de CRM - Análisis de herramientas de monitorización de Social CRM El modelo propuesto tiene dos objetivos, por un lado pretende proporcionar la visión de cómo CRM puede influir en los resultados empresariales en la era del cliente social, y por otro, proporcionar a los administradores cómo las inversiones y los recursos existentes de CRM puede ser integrados con las nuevas tecnologías y procesos para formar capacidades que pueden mejorar el rendimiento del negocio. ABSTRACT. “The Internet evolution to Web 2.0 model has created a new system called Social Media, where have proliferated a huge number of social networks which have changed the relationship and collaboration forms user-to-user and user-to-company. In response to these dramatic social and technological changes that are currently shaping the business-business relationships, companies are finding it necessary to modify the strategy for use of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) with customers and develop new capabilities to creating value with customers. And here is where the concept of Social CRM appears, understood as a focus on understanding, anticipating and responding to the needs of existing and potential customers strategy, leveraging social data to create a strong mutually beneficial relationships. In this paper describes an adoption model of Social CRM, using a "Top-Down" analysis method and based on the model of Gartner called "The Eight Building Blocks of CRM" [1]. This paper decomposes the adoption model described by Gartner in the following points. - A company strategic decision. - Look at social reality. - Analyze social networks. - Methodology adoption. - Deployment and extension in all departments of the company and the adaptation of human resources. - Selection and integration with traditional CRM platforms. - Analysis of monitoring tools for Social CRM. The proposed model has two objectives, firstly aims to provide insight into how CRM can influence business outcomes in the era of the social customer, and secondly, to provide administrators how investments and existing resources can be integrated CRM with new technologies and processes for developing capabilities that can increase business performance”.

Analysis of the geometric altimetry to support aircraft optimal trajectories within the future 4d trajectory management

Over the past few years, the common practice within air traffic management has been that commercial aircraft fly by following a set of predefined routes to reach their destination. Currently, aircraft operators are requesting more flexibility to fly according to their prefer- ences, in order to achieve their business objectives. Due to this reason, much research effort is being invested in developing different techniques which evaluate aircraft optimal trajectory and traffic synchronisation. Also, the inefficient use of the airspace using barometric altitude overall in the landing and takeoff phases or in Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) trajectories where currently it is necessary introduce the necessary reference setting (QNH or QFE). To solve this problem and to permit a better airspace management born the interest of this research. Where the main goals will be to evaluate the impact, weakness and strength of the use of geometrical altitude instead of the use of barometric altitude. Moreover, this dissertation propose the design a simplified trajectory simulator which is able to predict aircraft trajectories. The model is based on a three degrees of freedom aircraft point mass model that can adapt aircraft performance data from Base of Aircraft Data, and meteorological information. A feature of this trajectory simulator is to support the improvement of the strategic and pre-tactical trajectory planning in the future Air Traffic Management. To this end, the error of the tool (aircraft Trajectory Simulator) is measured by comparing its performance variables with actual flown trajectories obtained from Flight Data Recorder information. The trajectory simulator is validated by analysing the performance of different type of aircraft and considering different routes. A fuel consumption estimation error was identified and a correction is proposed for each type of aircraft model. In the future Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, the trajectory becomes the fundamental element of a new set of operating procedures collectively referred to as Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO). Thus, governmental institutions, academia, and industry have shown a renewed interest for the application of trajectory optimisation techniques in com- mercial aviation. The trajectory optimisation problem can be solved using optimal control methods. In this research we present and discuss the existing methods for solving optimal control problems focusing on direct collocation, which has received recent attention by the scientific community. In particular, two families of collocation methods are analysed, i.e., Hermite-Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation and the pseudospectral collocation. They are first compared based on a benchmark case study: the minimum fuel trajectory problem with fixed arrival time. For the sake of scalability to more realistic problems, the different meth- ods are also tested based on a real Airbus 319 El Cairo-Madrid flight. Results show that pseudospectral collocation, which has shown to be numerically more accurate and computa- tionally much faster, is suitable for the type of problems arising in trajectory optimisation with application to ATM. Fast and accurate optimal trajectory can contribute properly to achieve the new challenges of the future ATM. As atmosphere uncertainties are one of the most important issues in the trajectory plan- ning, the final objective of this dissertation is to have a magnitude order of how different is the fuel consumption under different atmosphere condition. Is important to note that in the strategic phase planning the optimal trajectories are determined by meteorological predictions which differ from the moment of the flight. The optimal trajectories have shown savings of at least 500 [kg] in the majority of the atmosphere condition (different pressure, and temperature at Mean Sea Level, and different lapse rate temperature) with respect to the conventional procedure simulated at the same atmosphere condition.This results show that the implementation of optimal profiles are beneficial under the current Air traffic Management (ATM).

Simple mechanochemistry describes the dynamics of kinesin molecules

Recently, Block and coworkers [Visscher, K., Schnitzer, M. J., & Block, S. M. (1999) Nature (London) 400, 184–189 and Schnitzer, M. J., Visscher, K. & Block, S. M. (2000) Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 718–723] have reported extensive observations of individual kinesin molecules moving along microtubules in vitro under controlled loads, F = 1 to 8 pN, with [ATP] = 1 μM to 2 mM. Their measurements of velocity, V, randomness, r, stalling force, and mean run length, L, reveal a need for improved theoretical understanding. We show, presenting explicit formulae that provide a quantitative basis for comparing distinct molecular motors, that their data are satisfactorily described by simple, discrete-state, sequential stochastic models. The simplest (N = 2)-state model with fixed load-distribution factors and kinetic rate constants concordant with stopped-flow experiments, accounts for the global (V, F, L, [ATP]) interdependence and, further, matches relative acceleration observed under assisting loads. The randomness, r(F,[ATP]), is accounted for by a waiting-time distribution, ψ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}{\mathrm{_{1}^{+}}}\end{equation*}\end{document}(t), [for the transition(s) following ATP binding] with a width parameter ν ≡ 〈t〉2/〈(Δt)2〉≃2.5, indicative of a dispersive stroke of mechanicity ≃0.6 or of a few (≳ν − 1) further, kinetically coupled states: indeed, N = 4 (but not N = 3) models do well. The analysis reveals: (i) a substep of d0 = 1.8–2.1 nm on ATP binding (consistent with structurally based suggestions); (ii) comparable load dependence for ATP binding and unbinding; (iii) a strong load dependence for reverse hydrolysis and subsequent reverse rates; and (iv) a large (≳50-fold) increase in detachment rate, with a marked load dependence, following ATP binding.