Trabalhar com grupos de diferentes idades – no jardim de infância e na escola : a influência da heterogeneidade, em termos etários, na aprendizagem das crianças

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

La conversión de los indios de la nueva España: Con el contexto de los coloquios de los doce de Bernardino de Saragun

Agosto de 1521: luego de dos años de guerra, México Tenochtitlán, cae en manos del conquistador Hemán Cortés. Tres años después, llegan a la antigua capitar azteca, los doce primeros franciscanos enviados por el Papa para convertir a los indios. Cortés organiza, entonces, con cierta sol, emnidad, una serie de reuniones entre los "doce apóstoles" y los representantes de las autoridades tradicionales indígenas. lns religiosos tratan de explicar los objefivos de su misión y comienzan atrazar las grandes lfneas de la fe católica. Los sacerdotes de los ídolos les responden defendiendo sus creencias ancestrales. Los coloquios continúan asf durante varios días antes de que los Aztecas, luchando con determinación en este conflicto teológico, terminen rindiéndose ante los argumentos de los frailes y acepten el bautismo. El proceso de conversión ha iniciado. De estas reuniones de México, existen ros relatos que transcriben el contenido de los argumentos interca¡nbiados: Los coloquios de los Doce - El texto bilingüe nahuatl - español fue preparado para su publicación por el célebre cronista franciscano Bernardino de Sahagún en 1564. sin embargo, los avatares de la censura hicieron desaparecer el manuscrito en los archivos secretos del vaticano, de donde fueron reexhumados únicamente a comienzos de este siglo.

O desenvolvimento do raciocínio dedutivo ao nível do ensino secundário : recurso a geometrias planas

Este trabalho, no âmbito da Didáctica da Matemática, foca-se no estudo de abordagens alternativas de ensino e aprendizagem da Geometria Euclidiana, no Ensino Secundário, no sentido de promover níveis estruturados do pensamento matemático. Em particular, as potencialidades do recurso a outros modelos de Geometria Plana (e.g. Geometria Hiperbólica, Geometria do Motorista de Táxi) em relação a este problema serão investigadas. A opção pelo Ensino Secundário deve-se ao facto de se tratar de um nível de ensino onde se regista uma elevada taxa de insucesso escolar (especialmente no 10º ano) e onde é notório o abismo existente, entre o ensino Secundário e Universitário, no âmbito do raciocínio lógico - dedutivo. O trabalho a desenvolver pretende aprofundar o estudo de questões ligadas à natureza do conhecimento envolvido que estarão na base de decisões, tais como: Quais os processos que vão ser ensinados? Que processos queremos que os alunos dominem? E, por outro lado, ter em conta que se pretende desenvolver capacidades de ordem superior, significando que o ensino da Matemática deve dirigir-se para níveis elevados de pensamento, tais como: resolução de problemas; comunicar matematicamente; raciocínio e demonstração. No currículo de matemática para o Ensino Básico e Secundário tem-se negligenciado a demonstração matemática, contribuindo para que exista uma desconformidade entre os graus de ensino, secundário e universitário. Muitas vezes as abordagens de ensino centram-se na verificação de resultados e desvalorizam a exploração e explicação (Villiers, 1998). Actualmente, assiste-se a uma tendência para retomar o raciocínio lógico - dedutivo. O principal objectivo desta investigação é analisar ambientes de aprendizagem em que os alunos sejam solicitados a resolver problemas de prova em contextos diversificados e, de uma forma mais geral promover o desenvolvimento do raciocínio dedutivo e uma visão mais alargada do conhecimento matemático. Em particular, a abordagem de problemas de prova num contexto de geometria não Euclidiana, com recurso a artefactos e a software de geometria dinâmica, será investigada.

Notable differences in gene expression between injured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) skin

Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Calcium, vitamin D, casein and whey protein intakes and periodontitis among Danish adults

Objective: To investigate whether intakes of Ca, vitamin D, casein and whey are associated with periodontitis and to investigate the possibility of interactions between them. Design: Cross-sectional study. An Internet-based, 267-item FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Intakes of casein (32·0 g/d), whey proteins (9·6 g/d) and vitamin D (5·8 μg/d) were classified as within v. above the 50th percentile. Ca intake was classified as within v. below age-specific recommendations. Severe periodontitis was defined as having ≥2 inter-proximal sites with clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm (not on the same tooth) and ≥1 inter-proximal site with pocket depth ≥5 mm. Since vitamin D influences Ca absorption, models were stratified by lower and higher (<5·8 v. ≥5·8 µg/d) vitamin D intake. Setting Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) 2007–2008. Subjects Adult participants (n 3287) in the oral health study of DANHES 2007–2008. Results Intakes of Ca within recommendations (OR=0·76; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·99), whey ≥9·6 g/d (OR=0·75; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·97) and casein ≥32 g/d (OR=0·75 95 % CI 0·58, 0·97) were associated with lower likelihood of severe periodontitis after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, sucrose intake, alcohol consumption, number of teeth, daily brushing, regular visits to the dentist and chronic illness, irrespective of vitamin D intake levels. Intake of vitamin D alone was not associated severe with periodontitis. Conclusions Intakes of Ca, casein and whey protein were inversely associated with periodontitis. Consumption of foods rich in Ca, casein and whey (e.g. dairy foods) should be promoted, as they may contribute to the prevention of periodontitis. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these associations.

Calcium, vitamin D, casein and whey protein intakes and periodontitis among Danish adults

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intakes of Ca, vitamin D, casein and whey are associated with periodontitis and to investigate the possibility of interactions between them. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. An Internet-based, 267-item FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Intakes of casein (32.0 g/d), whey proteins (9.6 g/d) and vitamin D (5.8 mug/d) were classified as within v. above the 50th percentile. Ca intake was classified as within v. below age-specific recommendations. Severe periodontitis was defined as having >/=2 inter-proximal sites with clinical attachment loss >/=6 mm (not on the same tooth) and >/=1 inter-proximal site with pocket depth >/=5 mm. Since vitamin D influences Ca absorption, models were stratified by lower and higher (<5.8 v. >/=5.8 microg/d) vitamin D intake. SETTING: Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) 2007-2008. SUBJECTS: Adult participants (n 3287) in the oral health study of DANHES 2007-2008. RESULTS: Intakes of Ca within recommendations (OR=0.76; 95 % CI 0.58, 0.99), whey >/=9.6 g/d (OR=0.75; 95 % CI 0.58, 0.97) and casein >/=32 g/d (OR=0.75 95 % CI 0.58, 0.97) were associated with lower likelihood of severe periodontitis after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, sucrose intake, alcohol consumption, number of teeth, daily brushing, regular visits to the dentist and chronic illness, irrespective of vitamin D intake levels. Intake of vitamin D alone was not associated severe with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of Ca, casein and whey protein were inversely associated with periodontitis. Consumption of foods rich in Ca, casein and whey (e.g. dairy foods) should be promoted, as they may contribute to the prevention of periodontitis. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these associations.

ANN based day-ahead spinning reserve forecast for electricity market simulation

Electricity market players operating in a liberalized environment require adequate decision support tools, allowing them to consider all the business opportunities and take strategic decisions. Ancillary services represent a good negotiation opportunity that must be considered by market players. This paper deals with short-term predication of day-ahead spinning reserve (SR) requirement that helps the ISO to make effective and timely decisions. Based on these forecasted information, market participants can use strategic bidding for day-ahead SR market. The proposed concepts and methodologies are implemented in MASCEM, a multi-agent based electricity market simulator. A case study based on California ISO (CAISO) data is included; the forecasted results are presented and compared with CAISO published forecast.

Entity localization and tracking: a sensor fusion-based mechanism in WSNs

Knowing exactly where a mobile entity is and monitoring its trajectory in real-time has recently attracted a lot of interests from both academia and industrial communities, due to the large number of applications it enables, nevertheless, it is nowadays one of the most challenging problems from scientific and technological standpoints. In this work we propose a tracking system based on the fusion of position estimations provided by different sources, that are combined together to get a final estimation that aims at providing improved accuracy with respect to those generated by each system individually. In particular, exploiting the availability of a Wireless Sensor Network as an infrastructure, a mobile entity equipped with an inertial system first gets the position estimation using both a Kalman Filter and a fully distributed positioning algorithm (the Enhanced Steepest Descent, we recently proposed), then combines the results using the Simple Convex Combination algorithm. Simulation results clearly show good performance in terms of the final accuracy achieved. Finally, the proposed technique is validated against real data taken from an inertial sensor provided by THALES ITALIA.

NR2E3 mutations in enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome (ESCS), Goldmann-Favre syndrome (GFS), clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration (CPRD), and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

NR2E3, also called photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (PNR), is a transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily whose expression is uniquely restricted to photoreceptors. There, its physiological activity is essential for proper rod and cone photoreceptor development and maintenance. Thirty-two different mutations in NR2E3 have been identified in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state in the recessively inherited enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome (ESCS), Goldmann-Favre syndrome (GFS), and clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration (CPRD). The clinical phenotype common to all these patients is night blindness, rudimental or absent rod function, and hyperfunction of the "blue" S-cones. A single p.G56R mutation is inherited in a dominant manner and causes retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We have established a new locus-specific database for NR2E3 (www.LOVD.nl/eye), containing all reported mutations, polymorphisms, and unclassified sequence variants, including novel ones. A high proportion of mutations are located in the evolutionarily-conserved DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of NR2E3. Based on homology modeling of these NR2E3 domains, we propose a structural localization of mutated residues. The high variability of clinical phenotypes observed in patients affected by NR2E3-linked retinal degenerations may be caused by different disease mechanisms, including absence of DNA-binding, altered interactions with transcriptional coregulators, and differential activity of modifier genes.

Biomasa de recursos pesqueros a finales de la primavera 1998. Cruceros BIC José Olaya Balandra 9811-12

Se estimaron las biomasas de las especies: anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), vinciguerria (Vinciguerria lucetia), falso volador (Prionotuis stephanophrys), bagre (Galeichthys peruvianus) y múnida (Pleuroncodes monodon), mediante técnicas hidroacústicas durante el Crucero 9811-12 de Evaluación Hidroacústica de Recursos Pelágicos, a bordo del BIC José Olaya Balandra desde el 28 de noviembre al 23 de diciembre de 1998 entre la Isla Lobos de Tierra y el Morro Sama. El trayecto utilizado fue el sistemático paralelo con transectos perpendiculares a la costa con 14 mn de separación. El equipo utilizado fue la ecosonda científica EK 500 SIMRAD en frecuencias de 38 y 120 kHz, en un rango de detección de 3 a 250 m de profundidad. Se realizó la calibración de equipos en la Isla San Lorenzo, Callao (12° S). Para la obtención de las biomasas se utilizó el método de estratificación por áreas isoparalitorales. La biomasa de anchoveta se estimó en 2.700.205 t (± 23,92%), las mayores biomasas se encontraron entre los grados 13 y 14 de latitud sur. La biomasa de la vinciguerria se calculó en 2.248.405 t (± 31,28%) con un mayor porcentaje en el grado 10 de latitud sur. La biomasa del falso volador se estimó en 422.349 t (± 38,82%), la del bagre se determinó en 409.470 t (± 30,32%) y de la múnida en 911.976 t (± 31,78 %).

Preoperative nutritional screening by the specialist instead of the nutritional risk score might prevent excess nutrition: a multivariate analysis of nutritional risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to assess whether widely used nutritional parameters are correlated with the nutritional risk score (NRS-2002) to identify postoperative morbidity and to evaluate the role of nutritionists in nutritional assessment. METHODS: A randomized trial on preoperative nutritional interventions (NCT00512213) provided the study cohort of 152 patients at nutritional risk (NRS-2002 ≥3) with a comprehensive phenotyping including diverse nutritional parameters (n=17), elaborated by nutritional specialists, and potential demographic and surgical (n=5) confounders. Risk factors for overall, severe (Dindo-Clavien 3-5) and infectious complications were identified by univariate analysis; parameters with P<0.20 were then entered in a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: Final analysis included 140 patients with complete datasets. Of these, 61 patients (43.6%) were overweight, and 72 patients (51.4%) experienced at least one complication of any degree of severity. Univariate analysis identified a correlation between few (≤3) active co-morbidities (OR=4.94; 95% CI: 1.47-16.56, p=0.01) and overall complications. Patients screened as being malnourished by nutritional specialists presented less overall complications compared to the not malnourished (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.22-0.97, p=0.043). Severe postoperative complications occurred more often in patients with low lean body mass (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1-1.12, p=0.028). Few (≤3) active co-morbidities (OR=8.8; 95% CI: 1.12-68.99, p=0.008) were related with postoperative infections. Patients screened as being malnourished by nutritional specialists presented less infectious complications (OR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.1-0.78), p=0.014) as compared to the not malnourished. Multivariate analysis identified few co-morbidities (OR=6.33; 95% CI: 1.75-22.84, p=0.005), low weight loss (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.14, p=0.006) and low hemoglobin concentration (OR=2.84; 95% CI: 1.22-6.59, p=0.021) as independent risk factors for overall postoperative complications. Compliance with nutritional supplements (OR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.14-0.97, p=0.041) and supplementation of malnourished patients as assessed by nutritional specialists (OR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.69, p=0.009) were independently associated with decreased infectious complications. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional support based upon NRS-2002 screening might result in overnutrition, with potentially deleterious clinical consequences. We emphasize the importance of detailed assessment of the nutritional status by a dedicated specialist before deciding on early nutritional intervention for patients with an initial NRS-2002 score of ≥3.

Participation rates for organized colorectal cancer screening programmes: an international comparison.

OBJECTIVE: Participation, an indicator of screening programme acceptance and effectiveness, varies widely in clinical trials and population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes. We aimed to assess whether CRC screening participation rates can be compared across organized guaiac fecal occult blood test (G-FOBT)/fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based programmes, and what factors influence these rates. METHODS: Programme representatives from countries participating in the International Cancer Screening Network were surveyed to describe their G-FOBT/FIT-based CRC screening programmes, how screening participation is defined and measured, and to provide participation data for their most recent completed screening round. RESULTS: Information was obtained from 15 programmes in 12 countries. Programmes varied in size, reach, maturity, target age groups, exclusions, type of test kit, method of providing test kits and use, and frequency of reminders. Coverage by invitation ranged from 30-100%, coverage by the screening programme from 7-67.7%, overall uptake/participation rate from 7-67.7%, and first invitation participation from 7-64.3%. Participation rates generally increased with age and were higher among women than men and for subsequent compared with first invitation participation. CONCLUSION: Comparisons among CRC screening programmes should be made cautiously, given differences in organization, target populations, and interpretation of indicators. More meaningful comparisons are possible if rates are calculated across a uniform age range, by gender, and separately for people invited for the first time vs. previously.

[Garini Veronensis De differentia veri amici et adulatoris, prefatio...]

[Du flatteur et de l'ami (latin). [1474-1475?]]

In hypocritas et delatores invectiva

Comprend : In hypocritas invectiva