Archives parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 ; 8-17, 19, 21-33. Assemblée nationale constituante. 10. Du 12 novembre 1789 au 24 décembre 1789 / impr. par ordre du Sénat et de la Chambre des députés ; sous la dir. de M. J. Mavidal,... et de M. E. Laurent,...

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 3.1

Bowling for fascism: Social capital and the rise of the Nazi Party in Weimar Germany, 1919-33

Social capital a dense network of associations facilitating cooperation within a community typically leads to positive political and economic outcomes, as demonstrated by a large literature following Putnam. A growing literature emphasizes the potentially "dark side" of social capital. This paper examines the role of social capital in the downfall of democracy in interwar Germany by analyzing Nazi party entry rates in a cross-section of towns and cities. Before the Nazi Party's triumphs at the ballot box, it built an extensive organizational structure, becoming a mass movement with nearly a million members by early 1933. We show that dense networks of civic associations such as bowling clubs, animal breeder associations, or choirs facilitated the rise of the Nazi Party. The effects are large: Towns with one standard deviation higher association density saw at least one-third faster growth in the strength of the Nazi Party. IV results based on 19th century measures of social capital reinforce our conclusions. In addition, all types of associations veteran associations and non-military clubs, "bridging" and "bonding" associations positively predict NS party entry. These results suggest that social capital in Weimar Germany aided the rise of the Nazi movement that ultimately destroyed Germany's first democracy.

Footnotes, January-February 2008, Vol. 33, no. 1-2

Monthly newsletter of the State Library

Footnotes, March-April-May 2008, Vol. 33, no. 3,4,5

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Footnotes, June-September 2008, Vol. 33, no. 6,7,8,9

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Footnotes, October-December 2008, Vol. 33, no. 10, 11, 12

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Helsinki 23/6 -33

Kirje 23.6.1933

Portraits des grands hommes, femmes illustres et sujets mémorables de France, gravés et imprimés en couleur...chez Blin.... Numérisation de l'exemplaire NA-33-4

Référence bibliographique : Cohen, 951

Friday Facts, August 21, 2009, vol. 33

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

Iowa Crop and Weather Report, October 17, 2011, Vol. 11. no. 33

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey today commented on the Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service. The report is released weekly from April through October.