920 resultados para zone of proximal development
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSP) biology and neurogenesis in adult central nervous system (CNS) are important both towards potential future therapeutic applications for CNS repair, and for the fundamental function of the CNS. In the present study, we report the characterization of NSP population from subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal piglet brain using in vivo and in vitro systems. We show that the nestin and vimentin-positive neural progenitor cells are present in the SVZ of the lateral ventricles of neonatal piglet brain. In vitro, piglet NSPs proliferated as neurospheres, expressed the typical protein of neural progenitors, nestin and a range of well-established neurodevelopmental markers. Upon dissociation and subculture, piglet NSPs differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Clonal analysis demonstrates that piglet NSPs are multi-potent and retain the capacity to generate both glia and neurons. These cells expressed VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and Neuropilin-1 and -2 mRNAs. Real time PCR revealed that SVZ NSPs from newborn piglet expressed total VEGF and all VEGF splice variants. These findings show that piglet NSPs may be helpful to more effectively design growth factor based strategies to enhance endogenous precursor cells for cell transplantation studies potentially leading to the application of this strategy in the nervous system disease and injury.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Longitudinal changes in composition, abundance, and distribution of copepods were studied at the transition zone of Paranapanema River-Jurumirim Reservoir (SP, Brazil). The interchange of biotic material between marginal lakes and the river system was also examined. Water samples were obtained from 6 stations along a stretch of 13 km of the Paranapanema River, from an upstream reach with high water velocity up to the river mouth into Jurumirim Reservoir. Two other sites in lateral lakes were also sampled. Nine copepod taxa were identified: 3 calanoids (Argyrodiaptomus furcatus Sars, Notodiaptomus iheringi Wright, and N. conifer Sars) and 6 cyclopoids (Eucyclops Claus, Microcyclops Claus, Mesocyclops longisetus Thiébaud, Thermocyclops decipiens Fischer, T. minutus Lowndes, and Paracyclops Claus). Harpacticoids were also collected. Calanoid and cyclopoid nauplii and copepodids, and harpacticoids were the most abundant organisms. In general, there was a longitudinal decrease in copepod abundance, whereas an increase was detected near the lakes. The abundance of most copepods was inversely correlated with current velocity and suspended solids. Higher abundance was observed in the river main course during the rainy season, during which there is a higher connectivity between the lakes and the main river. This promotes exportation of biologic material from marginal lakes to the river system, a biotic exchange reflecting the importance of marginal lakes to the river community structure.
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Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of proximal contacts in Class II restorations using two types of matrix bands (steel and polyester) with two different restoration techniques (incremental and with prepolymerized particles). Method and materials: Eighty-eight Class II adjacent restorations using Prodigy resin composite were performed: 44 with the incremental technique (22 with steel matrix bands, 22 with polyester matrix bands) and 44 utilizing prepolymerized resin particles (22 steel matrix, 22 polyester matrix). The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Proximal contacts obtained immediately after restoration procedure in all restorations were satisfactory. Results: No statistically significant alterations were found in 18 months of evaluation. Conclusion: Regardless of the utilized resin composite, there were no differences in the amount of proximal contact variations with respect to tested techniques and matrices.
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The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the development in height of the plants of four accessions (2 from Parana - accession 1 and 2, one from São Paulo - accession 3, and one from Mato Grosso do Sul State- accession 4). The experimental design was made of randomized blocks, with four treatments (accessions) and four replications. In each plot were planted 24 seedlings. Five evaluations of the height were accomplished, with an interval of two months, starting from the second month after the planting of the seedlings. The results show a significant difference between accession 4 and other three accessions in first evaluation (141.42 % higher than accession 2, the lowest of three and 44.16 % higher than accession 3, the highest of three), demonstrating a higher vigour of this accession on initial stage of its development. In the second and third evaluation, all accessions have no statistical difference, demonstrating a similar level of development at intermedial stages of development. At 5 th evaluation, all accessions have almost the same result, with no statistical difference among them. This is a clear result of similar level of development of this species in these accessions, representing a stabilization of their height development at the end of first year. We concluded that fáfia possesses a strong initial growth, with visible difference among the accessions in the first months. From the eight month on, we observed a slight decrease in the height. This suggests the end of annual cycle.
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