A formação para as relações etnicorraciais e a profissionalização em história: saberes e práticas docentes no contexto da educação a distância

Esta pesquisa analisa a experiência de formação em história, na modalidade a distância, de professores-leigos da educação básica dos estados do Ceará, Bahia, Maranhão e Sergipe, contemplados pelo Programa Pró-Licenciatura II, financiado pelo Ministério da Educação, graças ao consórcio firmado entre a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro e a Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2006 e 2010. O objeto do estudo foi a aplicabilidade da Lei nº 11.645/08, antes Lei nº 10.639/03, que alterou a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9.394/96, ao instituir a obrigatoriedade do estudo da história e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino fundamental e de ensino médio, públicos e privados do país. Há uma produção significativa de estudos que relacionam educação e relações etnicorraciais, porém são escassos os trabalhos voltados para a formação inicial e/ou continuada de professores. Quais disciplinas são oferecidas? Como o tema aparece no currículo? Como os licenciandos e professores lidam com a obrigatoriedade da Lei? Como ocorrem a produção e a mobilização dos saberes, assim como as práticas sobre esse tema? E qual o nível de comprometimento com o mesmo foram algumas das questões que nortearam a pesquisa. A resposta para essas questões foram orientadas pelas contribuições de Maurice Tardif sobre os saberes docentes, amparadas em metodologia de estudo de caso que utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários, análises das aulas-texto produzidas pelos formadores, do ambiente online da disciplina e dos documentos formais que organizaram o curso e instituíram a citada Lei. A investigação revelou um esforço dos docentes formadores e dos professores-cursistas em se munir de saberes e práticas concernentes aos temas da Lei, por outro lado, alguns fatores impuseram limites à profissionalização, como a modalidade a distância, o desconhecimento sobre o tema e a disponibilidade de tempo dos professores-cursistas.

Identidade, memória e narrativas na dança de São Gonçalo do povoado Mussuca (SE)

This study deals with the participation of the dance of São Gonçalo of the Mussuca town/SE, in the process of construction of the ethnic identity among this social group. The Mussuca is a grouping recognized as afro-descendents, linked with black enslaved people in the valley of the Cotinguiba region. The collective memory functions as a drive of this linking with the past and if it makes to elaborate narratives on this descent. The objective of this study was to investigate the ways the rite went through to constitute itself as an element of ethnic representation. Internal and external agents had been identified who had participated in different contexts. By means of an ethnographic work we ve reached some aspects of the local structure social which demonstrated the contradictions through the social relations of the group. This process of ethnic autorecognition presents the kinship and the space question as definers of the social arrangements which establish its ethnic boundaries

...Em busca da realidade... : a experiência da etnicidade dos Eleotérios (Catu/RN)

The south region of the Rio Grande do Norte has been historically recognized as a place of old indian villages. Inhabitants of the edges of the Catu River, border between the cities of Canguaretama and Goianinha, the Eleotérios in the threshold of 21st century had passed to be seen and self recognized as "remaining indians" of the RN. Their ethnic mobilizations, when becoming public had placed to the intellectual and political fields an old question to be reflected on: the asseverations concerning the "indian disappearing" in the State. This item brings with it other implications. Accessed by a para-oficial indigenism, the Eleotérios had started to establish political relations with the Potiguara indians of the Baía da Traição/PB and the Indian Movement, feeling stimulated to produce and to reproduce forms of social differentiation. In this context, this research is worried about elucidating the process of construction of the ethnicity among the Eleotérios, percepted from the social relations and politics kept with the amplest society, into a particular historical situation involving sugar cane fields owners, proprietaries, militants, researchers, ambiental agencies. The effects of these political and social relations had been extended, making Eleotérios appear to the society as susceptible social actors to the specific policies for the aboriginal populations

Os forrós da Serra da Gameleira (São Tomé/RN) : etnicidade, festa e sociabilidade

This work intends to describe and analyze the parties of forró that happen in Serra da Gameleira, in São Tomé/RN. Serra is a divided social space: groups of different ethnic origins live together in Gameleira de Baixo, Salgadinho (or Gameleira de Cima) and Chaves Belas. They are approximately two hundred families that live exclusively from agriculture. We try to understand how the parties inform about the social organization, the ethnic composition of the families that live there and the past of Serra, through the genealogy offorró players. In the discussion, we identify the festive places: in the total, we have Five houses of forró that function regularly one of them has been described. The private and public spaces inside them are intimate related, with no clear limits between the house of forró and the residence. Each house of forró has an owner, that regularly makes the parties, mobilizing a big part of the inhabitants, and provoking the straitening of the social relations. Observing the festive sociability between different social segments, the forró appears like na element that minimizes social conflicts, providing news ways of association and cooperation in the space of Serra da Gameleira. For the collection of facts, we used the ethnographic method, through the direct observation, interviewing and documentary research. The local history is recounted following the routes of oral memory and historical documents analysis. In the end of the analysis, we concluded that music and party are elements that aggregate the different groups that live in the location and determine forms of expression of what is seen as a traditional culture

Filhos da independência: etnografando os estudantes bissau-guineenses do PEC-G em Fortaleza-CE e Natal-RN

Notre travail propose de comprendre l`immigration africaine contemporaine du Brésil à travers l'univers des étudiants guinéens participant au Programme Étudiants « Convênio de Graduação » (PEC-G) dans les villes de Fortaleza dans l'Etat Ceará et Natal dans l'Etat de Rio Grande do Norte, en étudiant leurs stratégies de convivialité et d'adaptation. Les étudiants étrangers sélectionnés dans ce programme font leur licence gratuitement dans les Instituts d'Enseignement Supérieur (IES). Pour accéder à ce programme ils doivent répondre à certains critères : montrer qu'ils sont en mesure de payer leurs frais au Brésil, avoir le bac ou un diplôme équivalent et maîtriser la langue portugaise lorsqu'ils sont originaires d'un pays n'appartenant pas à la Communauté de Pays de Langue Portugaise (CPLP). Les étudiants qui participent à des programmes de développement socio-économique contractés entre le Brésil et leurs pays d'origine sont prioritaires. Ces accords les contraignent à rentrer dans leurs pays d'origine et de travailler dans le domaine dans lequel ils ont été diplômés une fois les études terminées. Les étudiants, qui arrivent au Brésil porteurs de leurs identités ethniques guinéennes, entrent en contact avec la société brésilienne et acquièrent ainsi une « identité hybride ». C'est dans ce contexte que ce travail analyse le quotidien des étudiants africaines au Brésil avec un regard porté sur les étudiants de Guinée-Bissau à Fortaleza et à Natal comprendre l'expérience des étudiants qui vivent en terre étrangère. Ainsi, le lieu (Brésil) prend toute sa valeur par rapport au distant (Guinée) autrefois lié par l'histoire coloniale et aujourd'hui lié par des relations internationales ou diplomatiques. Finalement, la construction d'une « nouvelle » identité ethnique, d'une culture guinéenne au Brésil s'opère dans une célébration mobile c'est-à-dire successivement formée et transformée en relation avec les formes à travers lesquelles l'individu est représenté ou interpelé dans les systèmes culturels dans lesquels il est impliqué.

A cultura de índio, seu menino, vem de longe aqui : formação histórica e territorialização dos Tremembé/CE

This dissertation is based on the ethnography of a strategic selection of three Tremembé ethnic situations, which are situated in the backlands of Acaraú and Itarema, municipalities located in Ceará State (Northeast Brazil). My main aims are the following. Firstly, I reconstitute the historical and social formation of three localities, called Lagoa dos Negros, Telhas, and Queimadas, related to a particular origin myth which refers to Almofala, an extinct colonial Aldeamento in the seashore, where the Tremembé indians and other native populations were converted and gathered under missionary administration. According to the origin myth, these three localities were set up after a strong drought which happened in 1888 (the so called three eights) when a group of Tremembé families moved to the countryside and established close to the Lagoa dos Negros and, later on, they were segmented into smaller groups which started to live in other areas and places not far from the former location. Notably, I develop an anthropological approach to understand the historical formation of these three localities. Secondly, I analyze some processes of territorialization, which were emerged from the 1980s and had important consequences to these indigenous families throughout the next two decades. This historical dimension is re-appropriated and ressignified in ethnic terms. A third point of my work is the analysis of the construction of territorialities and also the cultural and symbolic dimensions which are formulated by the Tremembé Indians who live in these localities. Therefore, I investigate some cultural traditions and rituals, such as the Torém dance, but I also examine their multiple semantics, which constitute a transversal direction throughout the history understood by the Tremembé of the different social situations I researched. To sum up, there is a process of cultural actualization, which is still going on and presents itself through the ludic sphere as well as their political and religions dimensions, which are usually associated to the ritual presentation of the Torém

Análise histométrica do desenvolvimento testicular de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiros

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Testicular arteries systematization based on different levels of scrotal configuration in caprines

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of the bipartite scrotum on the testicular and scrotal temperatures in goats

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização morfológica e frequência dos estádios do ciclo do epitélio seminífero em preás (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) criados em cativeiro

Estudos baseados nas características testiculares estão altamente relacionados com a eficiência reprodutiva de varias espécies. Assim, o projeto desenvolvido teve como objetivo identificar as células do epitélio seminífero, caracterizar histologicamente suas associações, que formam os estádios, e determinar a frequência destes. Os fragmentos de testículos, com 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150 dias foram coletados no Centro de Multiplicação da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró/ RN. Passando pelos processos de fixação, lavagens em soluções de concentrações crescentes de álcoois (70-100%), desidratação em xilol, inclusão em Histosec®, preparação das lâminas histológicas, colorações em Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e suas fotomicrografias para a caracterização dos núcleos celulares do epitélio germinativo e a definição dos oitos estágios do ciclo do epitélio seminífero (CES) baseados no Método da Morfologia Tubular. Das faixas etárias analisadas todos os animais de 90-150 dias de idade apresentaram todos os estádios do CES. Os estádios I e III foram os que apresentaram maior e menor freqüência, respectivamente. Os animais caracterizados como pré-púberes (30 dias), púberes (45-90 dias de idade) e pós-púberes (105150 dias de idade) apresentaram os estádios I, VIII e IV com uma maior freqüência, respectivamente.

Memória e cultura: os Fulni-ô afirmando identidade étnica

Ce travail s agit du processus d´affirmation de l´identité Fulni-ô et de la mobilisation ethnique du groupe qui sont organisées et maintenues en bénéfice de leurs droits; ceux-ci consistent en la reconnaissance comme indiens devant la société et leurs droits sur le territoire. Le groupe est situé dans la municipalité d´Águas Belas, localisé entre l´ agreste et le sertão de l´état du Pernambuco. Ce sont, en moyenne, 3.676 indiens qui présentent comme signes d´identification ethnique: le Yathê, langue spécifique du groupe qui continue à être utilisée au quotidien; l´Ouricuri, terme qui désigne le rituel qui a lieu pendant le printemps et pendant des périodes spécifiques de l´année; le Toré, danse commune aux indiens du Nordeste. La mémoire et la matière culturelle sont les signes de mobilisation ethnique sélectionnés par les Fulni-ô pour favoriser l´affirmation de leur identité et la protection de leurs droits. Cet aspect sera traité tout au long de ce travail. La mobilisation ethnique est permanente, les Fulni-ô ne cessent d´utiliser des moyens qui peuvent les aider à vivifier leur identité et à protéger l´intégrité de leur territoire. Au travers de la mémoire ou grâce à l´utilisation de signes et de symboles ethniques (comme la langue, le rituel religieux et le Toré) ils consolident l´idée qu´ils sont indiens en même temps qu´ils établissent et défendent leurs frontières ethniques et physiques

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of a polyester prosthesis in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Os achados clínicos e radiográficos após reparo intra-articular do ligamento cruzado cranial com prótese de poliéster, utilizando a técnica over-the-top modificada, foram avaliada em seis cães. Sete cirurgias foram realizadas devido ao acometimento bilateral em um dos animais. A avaliação clínica foi realizada ao 3º, 10º e 40º dias de pós-operatório, e a avaliação radiográfica realizada ao 5º e 24º meses após a cirurgia em cinco cães, por meio da qual se confirmou a progressão da doença articular degenerativa. A resolução dos sinais clínicos foi observada entre o 25º e 68º dias após a cirurgia, segundo avaliação realizada pelos proprietários. A função do membro operado foi considerada boa. Dois cães apresentaram desgaste e ruptura da prótese após a cirurgia. Concluiu-se que a prótese de poliéster, da forma como foi implantada neste estudo, não pode ser considerada como substituto satisfatório, uma vez que resultados superiores podem ser obtidos com ténicas menos invasivas e mais simples.

Indicadores de cálcio e de voltagem codificados geneticamente na detecção de potenciais de ação e inputs sinápticos em cultura de neurônios hipocampais

Recently, genetically encoded optical indicators have emerged as noninvasive tools of high spatial and temporal resolution utilized to monitor the activity of individual neurons and specific neuronal populations. The increasing number of new optogenetic indicators, together with the absence of comparisons under identical conditions, has generated difficulty in choosing the most appropriate protein, depending on the experimental design. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to compare three recently developed reporter proteins: the calcium indicators GCaMP3 and R-GECO1, and the voltage indicator VSFP butterfly1.2. These probes were expressed in hippocampal neurons in culture, which were subjected to patchclamp recordings and optical imaging. The three groups (each one expressing a protein) exhibited similar values of membrane potential (in mV, GCaMP3: -56 ±8.0, R-GECO1: -57 ±2.5; VSFP: -60 ±3.9, p = 0.86); however, the group of neurons expressing VSFP showed a lower average of input resistance than the other groups (in Mohms, GCaMP3: 161 ±18.3; GECO1-R: 128 ±15.3; VSFP: 94 ±14.0, p = 0.02). Each neuron was submitted to current injections at different frequencies (10 Hz, 5 Hz, 3 Hz, 1.5 Hz, and 0.7 Hz) and their fluorescence responses were recorded in time. In our study, only 26.7% (4/15) of the neurons expressing VSFP showed detectable fluorescence signal in response to action potentials (APs). The average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained in response to five spikes (at 10 Hz) was small (1.3 ± 0.21), however the rapid kinetics of the VSFP allowed discrimination of APs as individual peaks, with detection of 53% of the evoked APs. Frequencies below 5 Hz and subthreshold signals were undetectable due to high noise. On the other hand, calcium indicators showed the greatest change in fluorescence following the same protocol (five APs at 10 Hz). Among the GCaMP3 expressing neurons, 80% (8/10) exhibited signal, with an average SNR value of 21 ±6.69 (soma), while for the R-GECO1 neurons, 50% (2/4) of the neurons had signal, with a mean SNR value of 52 ±19.7 (soma). For protocols at 10 Hz, 54% of the evoked APs were detected with GCaMP3 and 85% with R-GECO1. APs were detectable in all the analyzed frequencies and fluorescence signals were detected from subthreshold depolarizations as well. Because GCaMP3 is the most likely to yield fluorescence signal and with high SNR, some experiments were performed only with this probe. We demonstrate that GCaMP3 is effective in detecting synaptic inputs (involving Ca2+ influx), with high spatial and temporal resolution. Differences were also observed between the SNR values resulting from evoked APs, compared to spontaneous APs. In recordings of groups of cells, GCaMP3 showed clear discrimination between activated and silent cells, and reveals itself as a potential tool in studies of neuronal synchronization. Thus, our results indicate that the presently available calcium indicators allow detailed studies on neuronal communication, ranging from individual dendritic spines to the investigation of events of synchrony in neuronal networks genetically defined. In contrast, studies employing VSFPs represent a promising technology for monitoring neural activity and, although still to be improved, they may become more appropriate than calcium indicators, since neurons work on a time scale faster than events of calcium may foresee

Entre índios tremembé e trabalhadores rurais: historicidade, mobilização política e identidades plurais no Ceará

As pesquisas antropológicas brasileiras podem tratar de forma frequentemente estanque e separada, por um lado, grupos camponeses e, por outro lado, grupos étnicos, quais sejam, ‘índios’, ‘quilombolas’, etc. Contextos e situações que indicam pluralidade identitária costumam ser simplificados em sua caracterização etnográfica e da dimensão multifacetada de relações e redes sociais. Assim, discuto aqui os processos de mobilização étnico-política e de demanda territorial, sem perder de vista os processos de ressignificação cultural e construção identitária que se engendram a partir de um campo semântico da etnicidade. Abordo, então, certas situações étnicas Tremembé (estado do Ceará) que desestabilizam, embaralham e colocam em risco representações antropológicas sobre o ‘camponês’, o ‘regional’ e o ‘indígena

Morphological aspects of spermatogenic cells at different stages of sexual maturation in black isogenic C57BL/6/Uni mice

In order to study the morphological changes that occur in cells of the testes of isogenic black mouse C57BL/6/Uni into three periods during spermatogenetic used 15 mice divided into 3 groups of 5 animals with 40,50 and 60 days of age. The mice were sacrificed and weighed. Testicles were weighed and measured, and histologically processed and stained with HE, PAS and Masson Massom-H and evaluated under light microscopy. It was observed that group I with 40 days of age in the seminifcrous tubules had a lumen with sparse small amount of interstitial tubular cells. In the seminiferous epithelium type A spermatogonia, intermediate and B were identified, which occupied the compartment adbasal and intermingled with these cells in spermatocytes I in Pachytene and leptotene was observed, whereas in the adluminal compartment Golgi phase spermatids we observed the presence of acrosomal granule. In group II, the cells of the seminiferous epithelium were developed and it was observed in round spermatids cephalic hood phase plus many elongated spermatids in acrosome phase and Sertoli cells. In Group III, 60 days old, it was found that seminiferous epithelium which was of the tubules had elongated spermatids in acrosome phase and maturation, with elongated nuclei and acrosomal system typical of spermiation in the presence of sperm and residual bodies near the tubular lumen. Therefore morphological evolution of germ cell testicular spermatids can be checked and recognized in its four phases: Golgi, cap, acrosome and maturation over the age of the animal.