Treatment Outcomes for Eating Disorder Patients With and Without Comorbid Substance Abuse Diagnoses

The impact of comorbid substance abuse and eating disorder diagnoses in an eating disorder treatment facility remains uncertain. Recent data suggest that in a substance abuse treatment setting, patients with comorbid eating disorders fared less favorably than patients without a comorbid diagnosis (Cohen et al., 2010; Glasner-Edwards et al., 2011). The purpose of this study is to compare eating disorder symptoms over the course of treatment for patients with and without comorbid substance abuse diagnoses in an eating disorder treatment facility. Archival data from an eating disorder treatment facility was used. Twenty-seven women with comorbid eating disorder and substance abuse diagnoses (EDSUD) were compared to twenty-seven women with an eating disorder diagnosis (ED) only. The subjects were compared on three scales from the Eating Disorder Inventory-III (EDI-3) by group, and pre- and post-treatment. The scales were Personal Alienation (PA), Interoceptive Deficits (ID), and Emotional Dysregulation (EmD). There was a significant decrease in symptoms post-treatment for all subjects on the PA and ID scales, and there was a significant difference between the EDSUD subjects and ED subjects on two scales. EDSUD subjects fared significantly less favorably on the ID and EmD scales. Women with EDSUD report more symptoms of Interoceptive Deficits and Emotional Dysregulation when compared to women with an ED diagnosis and no comorbid substance use. Subjects benefited from treatment in terms of less Personal Alienation and Interoceptive Deficits.

Cost-effectiveness and preventive implications of employee assistance programs /

"Printed 1995"--T.p. verso.

Quick list : ten steps to a drug-free future.

Mode of access: Internet.

Moving forward with your life! : leaving alcohol and other drugs behind.

Mode of access: Internet.

Parents, guardians, and caregivers /

"MS503."

Proceedings of a National Conference on Preventing Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Black Communities : May 22-24, 1987, Washington, D.C.

Item 467-A-1

Training resource catalog.

Description based on: 1991/1992 edition.

Helping your students say no to alcohol /

Mode of access: Internet.

Effect of Depression and Substance Abuse on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence in Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) of Mexican Descent on the US-Mexico Border

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempt in Twins Discordant for Cannabis Dependence and Early-Onset Cannabis Use

Background: Previous research has reported both a moderate degree of comorbidity between cannabis dependence and major depressive disorder (MDD) and that early-onset cannabis use is associated with increased risks for MDD. Objective: To examine whether associations between both lifetime cannabis dependence and early cannabis use and measures of MDD, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt persist after controlling for genetic and/or shared environmental influences. Design: Cross-sectional survey of twin pairs discordant for lifetime cannabis dependence and those discordant for early cannabis use. Setting: General population sample of twins (median age, 30 years). Participants: Two hundred seventy-seven same-sex twin pairs discordant for cannabis dependence and 311 pairs discordant for early-onset cannabis use (before age 17 years). Main Outcome Measures: Self-report measures of DSM-IV-defined lifetime MDD, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. Results: Individuals who were cannabis dependent had odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt that were 2.5 to 2.9 times higher than those of their non-cannabis-dependent co-twin. Additionally, cannabis dependence was associated with elevated risks of MDD in dizygotic but not in monozygotic twins. Those who initiated cannabis use before age 17 years had elevated rates of subsequent suicide attempt (odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.4-8.6]) but not of MDD or suicidal ideation. Early MDD and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with subsequent risks of cannabis dependence in discordant dizygotic pairs but not in discordant monozygotic pairs. Conclusions: Comorbidity between cannabis dependence and MDD likely arises through shared genetic and environmental vulnerabilities predisposing to both outcomes. In contrast, associations between cannabis dependence and suicidal behaviors cannot be entirely explained by common predisposing genetic and/or shared environmental predispositions. Previously reported associations between early-onset cannabis use and subsequent MDD likely reflect shared genetic and environmental vulnerabilities, although it remains possible that early-onset cannabis use may predispose to suicide attempt.

Reasons for cannabis use in men with and without psychosis

Psychoses are relatively low prevalence disorders that have a disproportionately negative impact on individuals and society. Cannabis use is one factor that can exacerbate the negative consequences associated with psychotic disorders. Relatively few studies have examined the effects or reasons for using cannabis self-reported by individuals with psychosis. The present study is the first known to compare directly such factors in individuals with and without psychosis, within a single study. At baseline and follow-up participants with psychosis most commonly reported using cannabis for positive mood alteration (36% and 42%), coping with negative affect (27% and 29%) and for social activity reasons (38% and 29%). The control group most commonly reported using cannabis for relaxation (34% and 43%) and social activity reasons (49% and 51%). Participants with psychosis were less likely to report relaxation as the most important effect after use ( 27%) or expect it at follow-up ( 49%) compared to the control group (53% and 70%). In both groups, addiction and positive affect enhancement were the composite variable scores correlated most consistently with concurrent amount and frequency of use.

A brief motivational intervention for substance misuse in recent-onset psychosis

Substance misuse is common in early psychosis, and impacts negatively on outcomes. Little is known about effective interventions for this population. We report a pilot study of brief intervention for substance misuse in early psychosis ( Start Over and Survive: SOS), comparing it with Standard Care(SC). Twenty-five in-patients aged 18 - 35 years with early psychosis and current misuse of non-opioid drugs were allocated randomly to conditions. Substance use and related problems were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months. Final assessments were blind to condition. All 13 SOS participants who proceeded to motivational interviewing reported less substance use at 6 months, compared with 58% (7/12) in SC alone. Effects were well maintained to 12 months. However, more SOS participants lived with a relative or partner, and this also was associated with better outcomes. Engagement remained challenging: 39% (16/41) declined participation and 38% (5/13) in SOS only received rapport building. Further research will increase sample size, and address both engagement and potential confounds.

Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling

There has been a significant gap in the gambling literature regarding the role of culture in gambling and problem gambling (PG). This paper aims to reduce this gap by presenting a systematic review of the cultural variations in gambling and PG as well as a discussion of the role cultural variables can play in the initiation and maintenance of gambling in order to stimulate further research. The review shows that although studies investigating prevalence rates of gambling and PG among different cultures are not plentiful, evidence does suggest certain cultural groups are more vulnerable to begin gambling and to develop PG. Significant factors including familial/genetic, sociological, and individual factors have been found in the Western gambling literature as playing important roles in the development and maintenance of PG. These factors need to be examined now in other cultural groups so we can better understand the etiological processes involved in PG and design culturally sensitive treatments. In addition, variables, such as cultural values and beliefs, the process of acculturation, and the influence of culturally determined help-seeking behaviors need to be also examined in relation to the role they could play in the initiation of and maintenance of gambling. Understanding the contribution of cultural variables will allow us to devise better prevention and treatment options for PG. Methodological problems in this area of research are highlighted, and suggestions for future research are included. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How common is comorbidity and why does it occur?

Comorbidity is most generally defined as the co-occurrence of two or more mental health problems. Comorbidity between drug and other psychological disorders has emerged as a major clinical, public health and research issue over the past few decades. The reasons for comorbidity are complex. Furthermore, comorbidity is often associated with poor treatment outcome, severe illness course, and high service utilisation. This presents a significant challenge with respect to the identification, prevention and management of people with comorbid disorders. The unmet need for treatment within this group is considerable and the lack of research is unacceptable. This paper will give a brief overview of epidemiological research into comorbidity; and examine the reasons why comorbidity might occur.