864 resultados para solar panel


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Articulo sobre la importancia de las energias renovables y su integración arquitectónica en el camino hacia una arquitectura sostenible. Descripción y evaluación del proyecto Fachada Solar SCHOTT Iberica.

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Panel data can be arranged into a matrix in two ways, called 'long' and 'wide' formats (LFand WF). The two formats suggest two alternative model approaches for analyzing paneldata: (i) univariate regression with varying intercept; and (ii) multivariate regression withlatent variables (a particular case of structural equation model, SEM). The present papercompares the two approaches showing in which circumstances they yield equivalent?insome cases, even numerically equal?results. We show that the univariate approach givesresults equivalent to the multivariate approach when restrictions of time invariance (inthe paper, the TI assumption) are imposed on the parameters of the multivariate model.It is shown that the restrictions implicit in the univariate approach can be assessed bychi-square difference testing of two nested multivariate models. In addition, commontests encountered in the econometric analysis of panel data, such as the Hausman test, areshown to have an equivalent representation as chi-square difference tests. Commonalitiesand differences between the univariate and multivariate approaches are illustrated usingan empirical panel data set of firms' profitability as well as a simulated panel data.

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L'exercici de l'arqueologia urbana a Tarragona ha permès la documentació de restes arquitectòniques del fortí del Rei, bastit en el context de la Guerra de Successió. L'element més significatiu és la documentació d'una galeria i/o camí protegit que connectava aquest fortí amb el de l'Oliva.

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The objective of this paper is to examine whether informal labor markets affect the flows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and also whether this effect is similar in developed and developing countries. With this aim, different public data sources, such as the World Bank (WB), and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) are used, and panel econometric models are estimated for a sample of 65 countries over a 14 year period (1996-2009). In addition, this paper uses a dynamic model as an extension of the analysis to establish whether such an effect exists and what its indicators and significance may be.

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BACKGROUND: Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) light is the main causative factor for skin cancer. Outdoor workers are at particular risk because they spend long working hours outside, may have little shade available and be bound to take their lunch at their workplace. Despite epidemiological evidence of a doubling in risk of squamous cell carcinoma in outdoor workers, the recognition of skin cancer as an occupational disease remains scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess occupational solar UV doses and its contribution to skin cancer risk. METHODS: A numerical model (SimUVEx) was used to assess occupational and lunch break exposures, characterize exposure patterns and anatomical distribution. Risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was estimated from an existing epidemiological model. RESULTS: Horizontal body locations received 2.0-2.5 times more UV than vertical locations. Dose associated to lunch outdoor every day was similar to outdoor work one day per week but only half of a seasonal worker. Outdoor workers are associated with an increased risk of SCC but also of frequent acute episodes. CONCLUSION: Occupational solar exposure contributes largely to the overall lifetime UV dose, resulting in an excess risk of SCC. The magnitude of the estimated excess in risk supports the recognition of SCC as an occupational disease.

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The increasing number of trials testing management strategies for luminal Crohn's disease (CD) has not fitted all the gaps in our knowledge and thus, in clinical. practice, many decisions for CD patients have to be taken without the benefit of high-quality evidence. Methods: A multidisciplinary European expert panel used the RAND Appropriateness Method to develop and rate explicit criteria for the management of individual patients with active, steroid-dependent (ST-D) and steroid-refractory (ST-R) CD. Results: Overall., 296 indications pertaining to mild-to-moderate, severe, ST-D, and ST-R CD were rated. In anti-TNF naive patients, budesonide and prednisone were found to be appropriate for mild-moderate CD, and infliximab (IFX) was appropriate when these had previously failed or had not been tolerated. In patients with a prior successful treatment by IFX, this drug, with or without co-administration of a thiopurine analog, was favoured. Other anti-TNFs were appropriate in the presence of intolerance or resistance to IFX. High-dose steroids, IFX or adlimumab were appropriate in severe active CD. For the 105 indications for ST-D or ST-R disease, the panel considered the thiopurine analogs, methotrexate, IFX, adalimumab, and surgery for limited resection, to be appropriate, depending on the outcome of prior therapies. Anti-TNFs were generally considered appropriate in ST-R. Conclusion: Steroids, including budesonide for mild-to-moderate CD, remain the first-line therapy for active luminal CD. Anti-TNFs, in particular IFX as shown by the amount of available evidence, remain the second-line therapy for most indications. Thiopurine analogs, methotrexate and anti-TNFs are favoured in ST-D patients and ST-R patients. (C) 2009 European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Polpas de mangas foram submetidas a um processo de secagem solar após pré-tratamento osmótico, com o intuito de obter-se produtos de umidade intermediária. Foram testados quatro pré-tratamentos osmóticos, ou seja, imersão em xaropes de sacarose com 45º Brix, 55º Brix, 65º Brix e imersão seqüenciada em xaropes de 45; 55 e 65º Brix. O processamento envolveu os seguintes passos: desidratação osmótica nas soluções de sacarose adicionadas de substâncias conservantes e secagem solar. Após a secagem, os tratamentos com 45 e 65º Brix foram selecionados através de análise sensorial para avaliação da estabilidade durante 180 dias de armazenamento à temperatura ambiente (28º C). Durante todo o processamento e/ou após a obtenção dos produtos finais, três tipos de avaliações foram realizadas: determinações físico-químicas (atividade de água, pH, acidez total, vitamina C, sólidos solúveis, umidade, açúcar total e açúcares redutores), análises microbiológicas e testes sensoriais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os dois produtos apresentaram boa estabilidade no que se refere às propriedades microbiológicas e sensoriais durante o armazenamento.

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Es té una vivenda unifamiliar, de nova construcció, en la que s'ha elaborat un projecte per proporcionar-li un sistema de calefacció, i aprofitant l'energia solar produir ACS. S'han calculat les necessitats tèrmiques de la vivenda considerant que s'ha construit l'envolvent tèrmic de la vivenda segons CTE. S'han estudiat els possibles sistemes de calefacció i s'ha escollit el de radiadors d'aigua calenta amb distribució bitubular i caldera de gasoil. S'han determinat les necessitats d'ACS i s'ha projectat la instal·lació solar amb captadors de tubs de buit i recolzament auxiliar de la pròpia caldera de calefacció. Les instal·lacions s'han projectat complint els requisits de la normativa d'obligat compliment.

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Dissenyar la xarxa elèctrica d'una nau industrial i dissenyar una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa de baixa tensió. Per a la instal·lació de la nova xarxa elèctrica s'ha aprofitat tot l'enllumenat, els endolls i els interruptors existents en la nau, de l'anterior instal·lació, que s'ha quedat obsoleta degut a la instal·lació de noves màquines. S'ha escollit una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa elèctrica perquè s'utilitza una energia purament neta i inesgotable, perquè té una bona rentabilitat.

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Disseny d'una instal·lació solar tèrmica capaç d'abastir les necessitats d'A.C.S. i representar un suport a les necessitats de calefacció amb sistema de recolzament per garantir una funcionalitat continua. La instal·lació es calcula per instal·lar-la en una casa prefabricada, unifamiliar a Lleida.

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Aquest projecte té per objecte justificar les condicions tècniques i econòmiques d'una instal·lació de col·lectors solars tèrmics que aprofitaran l'energia irradiada pel Sol per escalfar l'aigua sanitària que s'utilitzarà en una casa unifamiliar. Aquest projecte inclourà un estudi de viabilitat econòmica sobre l'estalvi energètic i la inversió inicial realitzada i el temps d'amortització de la mateixa instal·lació.