998 resultados para revisão da pesquisa por pares
Resumo:
A ausência de informações sobre a amamentação, especialmente, durante as consultas pré-natais onde mães com pouca ou nenhuma habilidade para enfrentar as dificuldades encontradas no início da prática de amamentar, acabam introduzindo alimentos infantis artificiais na alimentação do bebê que traz como conseqüência o desmame precoce. O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar na literatura nacional e internacional os desafios na atualidade sobre o aleitamento materno. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa constituída de busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SCIELO no período compreendido entre 2002 e 2012. Inicialmente foram encontrados 10.402 artigos que apresentavam os descritores: aleitamento materno, desmame precoce, alimentação artificial, distribuídos nas bases de dados citadas. Após cruzamento dos descritores entre si selecionou-se quinze artigos os quais fazem parte da presente revisão integrativa. Quanto aos níveis de evidência, treze são classificados como nível 4 e dois são revisão de literatura. A revisão permitiu considerar que os maiores desafios enfrentados para a consolidação e adesão das mães em relação ao aleitamento materno no Brasil, são: a introdução precoce de alimentos complementares ao aleitamento materno realizada sem assistência profissional, as dificuldades da técnica correta para amamentação o que muitas vezes provoca problemas nos seios. Fatores estes que culminam com o desmame precoce e conseqüente abandono da amamentação. A presente pesquisa sugere que mais estudos com níveis de evidências no mínimo 3, sejam desenvolvidos em todas as regiões brasileiras, para se obter a visão nacional do tema que devido à sua complexidade e importância para a saúde materno-infantil, tem passado por transformações através dos tempos e se torna relevante a constante abordagem e estudo do mesmo.
Resumo:
O Programa Saúde da Família foi regulamentado em 1994 pelo Ministério da Saúde. Este Programa foi ampliado e incluída a Odontologia em 2000. Dentre o pessoal atendido pelo serviço em saúde bucal está a paciente grávida e nesta relação o PSF vem construindo e modificando seu trabalho, ampliando e diversificando suas atividades de acordo com as transformações ocorridas pelos modelos de atenção à saúde das pessoas. Para compreender melhor sobre esta temática, este estudo objetivou apreender sobre o trabalho do cirurgião-dentista em saúde bucal, no Programa Saúde da Família, e sua contribuição quanto à prevenção e tratamento das doenças periodontais em gestantes, através de pesquisa bibliográfica. Com base neste estudo, a discussão indica que o trabalho da equipe em saúde bucal é hoje, não apenas emergencial, pelo cuidado direto e a gerência deste cuidado, mas apresenta destaque no predomínio de um profissional ético que deve estar constantemente se atualizando em relação ao serviço oferecido
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os principais fatores que atuam sobre a capacidade funcional dos idosos, através de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa sobre o tema proposto. Inicialmente foi realizada uma busca por descritores do assunto no site Ciências da Saúde. Estabelecidos os descritores foram realizadas buscas por artigos científicos relacionados ao assunto da pesquisa, usando as bases bibliográficas da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Assim, foram encontrados inicialmente 169 artigos, dos quais inicialmente, 24 atendiam aos critérios de refinamento. Desses 24 artigos,após a leitura na íntegra, foram selecionados 16 artigos. Foram apontados pelos autores pesquisados, como principais fatores associados a dependência funcional em idosos: condições de saúde (doenças crônicas ou não crônicas), sexo feminino, baixa escolaridade, idade superior a 80 anos, institucionalização, quedas, síndrome de fragilidade e fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos (baixa renda, viuvez, composição familiar, poucas relações sociais, etc). Esses resultados demonstram que é importante conhecer os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento da dependência funcional nos idosos, pois esses elementos permitirão ao profissional atuar antes,que o problema se torne crônico e complexo, bem como fortalecer as ações das equipes de saúde da família na promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa, preservando sua autonomia e dependência funcional
Resumo:
Trata-se de um estudo baseado na revisão da literatura com utilização de livros, artigos científicos, publicados em meio eletrônico abordando o tema úlcera venosa, cujos objetivos são: caracterizar a produção do conhecimento no assunto, ampliar os conhecimentos sobre o tema para que a assistência prestada seja embasada cientificamente e de qualidade. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado em julho de 2013; foram consideradas as publicações no período de junho de 2003 a junho de 2013, disponibilidade dos mesmos na íntegra e no idioma português, constituindo assimuma amostra de 17 artigos. A análise dos artigos mostra que a prevenção e tratamento da insuficiência venosa é um aspecto importante para que se possa evitar o estágio de ulceração; o uso da terapia compressiva deve ser aliado ao uso da terapia tópica favorecendo a cicatrização e prevenção de recidivas. Em relação a abordagem diagnóstica, além do diagnóstico clínico os artigos mostram o uso de pletismografia como exame complementar. Em relação a terapia tópica, além das terapias tradicionais; é destacado o uso de pomada de própolis, uso de iodóforos tópicos e associação entre sulfadiazina de prata a 1% com nitrato de cério a 0,4%, que apesar de mostrar eficácia ainda necessitam de maiores estudos. Não foram encontradas evidências indicando qual é a melhor terapia tópica. Ao final, este estudo sugere-seanecessidade de uma mudança na prática da enfermagem, onde o princípio científico seja o alicerce para o desenvolvimento de nossas ações que possibilitem uma assistência de enfermagem com qualidade e mais valorizada. A análise da produção científica mostra que o ano de 2007 foi o que apresentou mais publicações perfazendo um total de 35,29% destas. Em relação ao veículo de divulgação 35,29% (06 artigos) foram publicadas pelo Jornal Vascular Brasileiro. Em relação aos estados, São Paulo apresentou a maior porcentagem com 41,19% (07 artigos). Quanto ao tipo de pesquisa a maioria das publicações (47,06%) envolve a pesquisa clínica, seguido por 41,19% que envolve a revisão bibliográfica.
Resumo:
This article provides some aspects that allow making a current reading of the situation of the Brazilian Chemistry that permit us considerate it as a strategic area. They are still presented some initial proposals related to the organization of the research as well as to win the challenges of the relationship with the other areas of the knowledge.
Resumo:
Chemical research in Brazil has grown significantly in the past 20 years, largely thanks to the Brazilian S&T Development Program of the federal government (PADCT). However, the newly achieved levels of highly qualified manpower and research infra-structure require new research organization frameworks to make science, technology and innovation really useful and meaningful for the citizens. The current requirements for creating viable networks of academic and industry researchers are presented and discussed as well as some structural and procedural bottlenecks that have to be eliminated, to achieve maximum high-quality science, technology and relevant innovation output.
Resumo:
There is considerable progress in the study of the biotransformation of limonene. Extensive research on the biotransformation of limonene has resulted in the elucidation of new metabolic pathways. Natural flavors can be produced via biotransformation, satisfying consumer demand for natural products. This review presents some elements concerning the biotransformation of limonene with emphasis on the metabolic pathways. Some comments are also made on problems related to biocatalysis as well as on the application of some compounds originating from the biotransformation of the inexpensive limonene.
Resumo:
In Myrocarpus, an exclusively South American genus, five species are recognised: Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão, M. leprosus Pickel, M. venezuelensis Rudd, M. fastigiatus Allemãoand M. emarginatus A.L.B. Sartori & A.M.G. Azevedo. Morphologic data, habitat information and geographic distribution of each taxon are discussed. Petal morphology and ornamentation of seed chamber are an important character for species identification, though not shown previously. Key to the species, descriptions, illustrations, distribution, and new registers are presented.
Resumo:
This article has the aim to expand the perspective of research in the field of morality. We present a proposal of morality study of outlaw teenagers according to Thinking Organizer Models Theory. Through the idea of complexity we search to understand the cognitive process in the elaboration of moral reasoning inside situations of conflict. With this perspective, we developed a research that aimed to identify which organizer models were applied by 20 outlaw male teenagers who abide by social punishment to solve the hypothetical moral conflicts. Through interviews we told them a situation of moral conflict that involved friendship relation, physical aggression and steal. We could identified several models which were joined in three categories. Such models reflected the diversity and regularity that are present inside the elaborated reasoning to solve the conflicts shown by us. We conclude that the diversity of organizer models identified shows the importance of the contents in the construction of moral reasoning.
Resumo:
A vast literature review on the insomnia epidemiology, the most common sleep disorder, using MEDLINE and LILACS last 30 years of data, was performed from January 2002 to November 2003. The key-words were: sleep initiation disorders, sleep maintenance disorders, early awakening disorder, insomnia, sleep disorders, insomnia prevalence, insomnia consequences. Several insomnia definition criteria and epidemiology researches methods, with data comparison difficulties, were noticed. In the future it will be necessary similar insomnia definition and epidemiology studies criteria.
Resumo:
The purpose of this article is to introduce elements that allow building an interface between the academic research and the programs of basic education for youngsters and adults. It discusses contributions to these programs that can be found in the results of qualitative research studies. To this end, results of a five-year long project on teacher education are used, which aim was that of analyzing the interaction between teacher and student in youngster and adult literacy classes. The research project was conducted in natural contexts with the purpose of understanding a given social reality, and not of establishing general laws. Therefore, the credibility of its results was built through the observation of multiple contexts, and the gathering of data was made through various methods, from the perspective of several participants observed during a prolonged period of time. This empirical basis was used to evaluate recommendations contained in the report commissioned by Unesco to the International Literacy Institute for presentation at the World Forum on Education held in 2000 in Dakar. This report proposed that the continuous attendance of students to basic education programs is one of the great challenges of the new millennium. With respect to the problem of adult evasion from courses and programs, the article discusses the motivation and accessibility factors, pointed out in official documents as relevant factors to the success or failure of the programs.
Resumo:
This article considers a procedure for data collection called autoscopy. Autoscopy entails the video recording of a practice with the purpose of allowing analysis and self-evaluation by one of the protagonists of that practice. The objective of the video recording is that of apprehending the actions of the agent (or agents), the scenario, and the plot that make up a situation. The recorded material is subjected to sessions of analysis after the action that aim at the understanding of the reflective process of the agent (or agents) through their verbalizations during the analysis of video recorded scenes. The present text introduces a theoretical basis for the procedure of autoscopy, deals with advantages and limitations of its use, as well as with aspects that deserve attention and, finally, describes the authors' experiences in two studies in which the procedure was employed. Starting from these two experiences, differences and similarities are pointed out between the studies, especially regarding the participants, object, and the time distribution of the video recordings. The authors draw considerations about the formative-reflective potential of the procedure, both for research situations and for the learning and training of various professionals, considering it to be an excellent educational instrument. It is, however, vital to keep in mind the need to recognize and return to the teacher, as an autoscopic participant, his condition as subject of his own profession, thereby promoting, besides the self-evaluation, also the autonomy of his thinking and doing.
Resumo:
We present and discuss in this article some features of a research program whose central object of investigation is the way in which the recent fields of history, philosophy, and sociology of mathematical education could take part in a critical and qualified manner in the initial and continuing training of teachers in this area. For that, we endorse the viewpoint that the courses for mathematics teacher education should be based on a conception of specificity through which a new pedagogical project could be established. In such project those new fields of investigation would participate, in an organic and clarifying way, in the constitution of multidimensional problematizations of school practices, in which mathematics would be involved, and that would be guided by academic investigations about the issues that currently challenge teachers in the critical work of incorporation, resignification, production, and transmission of mathematical culture in the context of the school institution.
Resumo:
PURPOSE: To determine the association between language and number of citations of ophthalmology articles published in Brazilian journals. METHODS: This study was a systematic review. Original articles were identified by review of documents published at the two Brazilian ophthalmology journals indexed at Science Citation Index Expanded - SCIE [Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia (ABO) and Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia (RBO)]. All document types (articles and reviews) listed at SCIE in English (English Group) or in Portuguese (Portuguese Group) from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were included, except: editorial materials; corrections; letters; and biographical items. The primary outcome was the number of citations through the end of second year after publication date. Subgroup analysis included likelihood of citation (cited at least once versus no citation), journal, and year of publication. RESULTS: The search at the web of science revealed 382 articles [107 (28%) in the English Group and 275 (72%) in the Portuguese Group]. Of those, 297 (77.7%) were published at the ABO and 85 (23.3%) at the RBO. The citation counts were statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) in the English Group (1.51 - SD 1.98 - range 0 to 11) compared with the Portuguese Group (0.57 - SD 1.06 - range 0 to 7). The likelihood citation was statistically significant higher (P<0.001) in the English Group (70/107 - 65.4%) compared with the Portuguese Group (89/275 - 32.7%). There were more articles published in English at the ABO (98/297 - 32.9%) than at the RBO (9/85 - 10.6%) [P<0.001]. There were no significant difference (P=0.967) at the proportion of articles published in English at the years 2008 (48/172 - 27.9%) and 2009 (59/210 - 28.1%). CONCLUSION: The number of citations of articles published in Portuguese at Brazilian ophthalmology journals is lower than the published in English. The results of this study suggest that the editorial boards should strongly encourage the authors to adopt English as the main language in their future articles.
Resumo:
A case of central nervous system actinomycosis is reported. A 33-year-old male complained of headache, vomiting and blurred vision lasting for eight days prior to admission. On examination, a right hemiparesis, as well an intracranial hypertension were detected. The cerebrospinal fluid showed mild lymphomononuclear hypercytosis. Necropsy disclosed three abscess in the cerebral hemispheres, in addition to moderate cerebral edema on the left side but without purulent leptomeningitis. Actinomyces filaments and granules were demonstrated in the cerebral and lung abscesses. The Brazilian literature on actinomycosis is reviewed and six published cases with nervous system involvement were found. Relevant clinical and anatomical aspects of the cases and of the present one are discussed.