Apparent digestible energy and nutrient digestibility coefficients of diet ingredients for pacu Piaractus brachypomus

The digestible energy and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients of common diet ingredients were determined for pacu Piaractus brachypomus (370.21 ± 17.56 g). Fish were fed with pelleted practical diets to apparent satiation and the feces were collected by siphoning. The digestibility value for each ingredient was determined by comparison of the digestibility of a test diet with a reference diet (24.5% crude protein and 1% chromic oxide). The digestible energy values of soybean meal (SBM), fish meal (FM), corn (CN), and wheat bran (WB) were 2382, 3826, 3353, and 1784 kcal/kg, respectively. The apparent dry matter digestibility coefficients were 83.72, 90.14, 89.13, and 82.05% for SBM, FM, CN, and WB, respectively. The apparent crude protein digestibility coefficients were 75.88, 90.49, 85.06, and 61.62% for SBM, FM, CN, and WB, respectively. The apparent lipid digestibility coefficients were 63.03, 77.00, 83.01, and 82.45% for SBM, FM, CN, and WB, respectively. The digestibility of protein, lipid, and energy from SBM were somewhat low compared to values for other warmwater omnivorous fishes, but similar to values reported for pacu-caranha P. mesopotamicus. Otherwise, the nutrient and energy availability of the ingredients to P. brachypomus was similar to that of other fish. This information will be useful in formulating nutritious, economical diets for pacus. © by the World Aquaculture Society 2004.

Protein levels for heat-exposed broilers: Performance, nutrients digestibility, and energy and protein metabolism

Heat stress causes significant economic losses on broilers production due to poorer performance and carcass quality. Considering that protein has the highest heat increment among nutrients, it has been suggested that protein levels should be reduced in diets for heat-exposed broilers. Nevertheless, there are no conclusive results on the benefits of such practice, and further studies should be performed to elucidate some reported discrepancies. Thus, a trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels (17, 20 and 23%) and environmental temperature (22 and 32°C) on the performance, nutrients digestibility, and energy and protein metabolism of broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days of age. Nutrients digestibility was determined by total excreta collection, and energy and protein metabolism was evaluated by comparative slaughter method. It was concluded that (1) heat exposure impairs broilers performance and increases nitrogen excretion, but do not change nutrients digestibility; (2) high-protein diets are technically feasible and promotes lower heat production for broilers reared under thermoneutral or hot environments, however, high-protein diets increases nitrogen excretion. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.

Sustainable development 20 years on from the earth summit: progress, gaps and strategic guidelines for Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Renewable energy and energy efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean: constraints and prospects

Includes bibliography

Search for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse energy and 0, 1, 2, or ≥3 b-quark jets in 7 TeV pp collisions using the variable α T

A search for supersymmetry in final states with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=7 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 fb-1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In this search, a dimensionless kinematic variable, α T, is used as the main discriminator between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. The search is performed in a signal region that is binned in the scalar sum of the transverse energy of jets and the number of jets identified as originating from a bottom quark. No excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits are set in the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, and also in simplified models, with a special emphasis on compressed spectra and third-generation scenarios.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.

Energy and the prevailing model of agricultural technology in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Design of biogas pipeline - Energy and sanitation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Energy and fat intake are not associated with abdominal adiposity

Background and objective: Central or abdominal obesity (AA) is a highly prevalent determinant of the metabolic syndrome and its control requires intervention strategies. This study investigated the risk factors associated with the presence of AA in hospitalized individuals. Patients and methods: A total of 1626patients were studied. The investigated risk factors possibly associated with AA were gender, age, body mass index (BMI), habitual energy intake (HEI) and fat intake (FI). AA was determined by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The chi2, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the data and univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify the predictive factors of AA. Results: Women were at higher risk of developing AA than men (P. <. 0.0001). The HEI and FI of individuals with and without AA and of women and men were not significantly different. According to multivariate analysis, HEI was not a predictive factor of AA, contrary to gender and age. The risk factors for AA, determined by WC, were gender (OR. = 6.8; CI. = 5.3-8.7) and age (OR. = 1.0; CI. = 1.0-1.0). Women were six times more likely to develop AA than men. Conclusions: Evidence of an association between AA and HEI or FI was not found, but gender and age were associated with AA. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS.

Esquema de la energía y el ambiente en la zona del Caribe = Overview on energy and environment in the Caribbean area

Incluye Bibliografía

Informe de la Reunión sobre Energía y Desarrollo en America Latina = Report of the Meeting on Energy and Development in Latin America

Expone interpretaciones de la situacion energetica mundial; experiencias de desarrollo energetico de algunos paises participantes; y presentaciones por parte de agencias internacionales de programas de investigacion y asistencia tecnica o financiera en el sector. Incluye lista de participantes y documentos distribuidos en la reunion.