Apuntes de Biología elemental para maestros. Tomo II.

Ofrecer un modelo de texto de trabajo para los profesionales de la enseñanza, como guía para el estudio y conocimiento de la materia biológica. Crear la base teórica necesaria para el profesor y sitematizar experiencias para la práctica escolar con la guía concreta para el curso de biología. Los objetivos del trabajo van a ser de tipo cognoscitivo, para el cultivo de la percepción y memoria, y psicomotores, para el desarrollo de la habilidad manual y afectivos relacionados con los intereses, actitudes y valores del educando. La Biología como asignatura universitaria para los estudios del profesorado de EGB, segunda parte. Es el mismo que el de la primera parte: las estrategias propias de la materia tratada van desde la definición del tema objeto de estudio, seguida del análisis del mismo en que se recoge toda la información bibliográfica y experimental, hasta la síntesis en que se proponen modelos de desarrollo del tema mediante pruebas objetivas factoriales y prácticas. Los temas tratados son: lípidos, enzimas, nutrición, reproducción. Bibliografía. Ofrece un modelo de texto de trabajo para los profesores, según el autor se trata de un número de proposiciones objetivas que puede ser aumentado en cualquier momento. El método utilizado para redactar estos apuntes es el mismo que el que se propone a los alumnos. Define el tema, hace una programación del mismo y un proyecto del material a utilizar. La metodología esta basada en la coparticipación. El autor sostiene que la práctica le ha demostrado que el sistema que propone, no solo es el más racional y humano, sino también el más eficaz y eficiente y que el material que presenta hay que considerarlo como incompleto, que necesita ser completado cada día en su analisis y síntesis para llegar a ser el texto personal y actualizado fruto del esfuerzo del lector, útil precisamente por ello para la tarea profesional en las escuelas.

Object Detection in Images by Components

In this paper we present a component based person detection system that is capable of detecting frontal, rear and near side views of people, and partially occluded persons in cluttered scenes. The framework that is described here for people is easily applied to other objects as well. The motivation for developing a component based approach is two fold: first, to enhance the performance of person detection systems on frontal and rear views of people and second, to develop a framework that directly addresses the problem of detecting people who are partially occluded or whose body parts blend in with the background. The data classification is handled by several support vector machine classifiers arranged in two layers. This architecture is known as Adaptive Combination of Classifiers (ACC). The system performs very well and is capable of detecting people even when all components of a person are not found. The performance of the system is significantly better than a full body person detector designed along similar lines. This suggests that the improved performance is due to the components based approach and the ACC data classification structure.

On the use of principal components in contemporany population genetics: a case study

In human Population Genetics, routine applications of principal component techniques are often required. Population biologists make widespread use of certain discrete classifications of human samples into haplotypes, the monophyletic units of phylogenetic trees constructed from several single nucleotide bimorphisms hierarchically ordered. Compositional frequencies of the haplotypes are recorded within the different samples. Principal component techniques are then required as a dimension-reducing strategy to bring the dimension of the problem to a manageable level, say two, to allow for graphical analysis. Population biologists at large are not aware of the special features of compositional data and normally make use of the crude covariance of compositional relative frequencies to construct principal components. In this short note we present our experience with using traditional linear principal components or compositional principal components based on logratios, with reference to a specific dataset

Interpretation of wind components as compositional variables

The classical statistical study of the wind speed in the atmospheric surface layer is made generally from the analysis of the three habitual components that perform the wind data, that is, the component W-E, the component S-N and the vertical component, considering these components independent. When the goal of the study of these data is the Aeolian energy, so is when wind is studied from an energetic point of view and the squares of wind components can be considered as compositional variables. To do so, each component has to be divided by the module of the corresponding vector. In this work the theoretical analysis of the components of the wind as compositional data is presented and also the conclusions that can be obtained from the point of view of the practical applications as well as those that can be derived from the application of this technique in different conditions of weather

Regression analysis of compositional data when both the dependent variable and independent variable are components

It is well known that regression analyses involving compositional data need special attention because the data are not of full rank. For a regression analysis where both the dependent and independent variable are components we propose a transformation of the components emphasizing their role as dependent and independent variables. A simple linear regression can be performed on the transformed components. The regression line can be depicted in a ternary diagram facilitating the interpretation of the analysis in terms of components. An exemple with time-budgets illustrates the method and the graphical features

Elemental analysis of New Zealand Nephrite Jade (pounamu) for forensic purposes

Pounamu (NZ jade), or nephrite, is a protected mineral in its natural form following the transfer of ownership back to Ngai Tahu under the Ngai Tahu (Pounamu Vesting) Act 1997. Any theft of nephrite is prosecutable under the Crimes Act 1961. Scientific evidence is essential in cases where origin is disputed. A robust method for discrimination of this material through the use of elemental analysis and compositional data analysis is required. Initial studies have characterised the variability within a given nephrite source. This has included investigation of both in situ outcrops and alluvial material. Methods for the discrimination of two geographically close nephrite sources are being developed. Key Words: forensic, jade, nephrite, laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, multivariate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional data analysis

Lluís Oliver i els components fonamentals de la matèria

Entrevista en Lluís Oliver, químic gironí

Adding new components to the knowledge plane GMPLS over WDM networks

A recent study defines a new network plane: the knowledge plane. The incorporation of the knowledge plane over the network allows having more accurate information of the current and future network states. In this paper, the introduction and management of the network reliability information in the knowledge plane is proposed in order to improve the quality of service with protection routing algorithms in GMPLS over WDM networks. Different experiments prove the efficiency and scalability of the proposed scheme in terms of the percentage of resources used to protect the network

I-SS: integrated supervision systems approach based on interactive components

Process supervision is the activity focused on monitoring the process operation in order to deduce conditions to maintain the normality including when faults are present Depending on the number/distribution/heterogeneity of variables, behaviour situations, sub-processes, etc. from processes, human operators and engineers do not easily manipulate the information. This leads to the necessity of automation of supervision activities. Nevertheless, the difficulty to deal with the information complicates the design and development of software applications. We present an approach called "integrated supervision systems". It proposes multiple supervisors coordination to supervise multiple sub-processes whose interactions permit one to supervise the global process

Diagnosing Patients Combining Principal Components Analysis and Case Based Reasoning

This paper addresses the application of a PCA analysis on categorical data prior to diagnose a patients data set using a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) system. The particularity is that the standard PCA techniques are designed to deal with numerical attributes, but our medical data set contains many categorical data and alternative methods as RS-PCA are required. Thus, we propose to hybridize RS-PCA (Regular Simplex PCA) and a simple CBR. Results show how the hybrid system produces similar results when diagnosing a medical data set, that the ones obtained when using the original attributes. These results are quite promising since they allow to diagnose with less computation effort and memory storage

La partícula de información estratégica: principios de interacción entre la física cuántica y la estrategia empresarial

El santo grial de la física actual es el bosón de Higgs, partícula y componente elemental de toda materia ordinaria en el Universo; y el complejo experimento que se está llevando a cabo para concluir su hallazgo, se puede contemplar, analógicamente, como el inicio del proceso estratégico en la organización. Aquí viene a cumplir el objetivo de dar inicio a dicho proceso la partícula de información estratégica (PIE), ente que, al hacer afinidad entre partículas y subpartículas nucleares y componentes de la estrategia corporativa, también encuentra cabida en los procesos de planeación y ejecución en la organización. Posteriormente, se plantea un plano (=paisaje) de funcionamiento entre el entorno, el interior de la organización y la interacción entre ambos. Este trabajo muestra de qué manera las ciencias de la complejidad son implementadas para el análisis y la síntesis de las dinámicas organizacionales.

Com afectà la guerra civil espanyola a l'Institut Elemental de Segona Ensenyança d'Inca. 'Cómo afectó la guerra civil española al Instituto Elemental de Segunda Enseñanza de Inca'.

El artículo analiza diversas informaciones que permiten inferir un notable cambio metodológico en el Instituto Elemental de Segunda Enseñanza entre 1936 y 1939, especialmente los inventarios de recursos, que aportan luz sobre la utilización de las aulas, y los listados de materiales, que permiten averiguar la razón de los gastos realizados en diferentes partidas presupuestarias. El conjunto de estas informaciones revela la apuesta por una determinada manera de concebir el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y su finalidad, evidenciando un cambio radical de concepción en la enseñanza acompañando al cambio político. Las palabras supresión temporal en las actas del ayuntamiento manifestaban la esperanza de una reapertura del instituto que nunca llegó.

Situació de l'educació musical elemental a les Illes Balears : les escoles de música i_o dansa reconegudes. 'Situación de la educación musical elemental en las Illes Balears : las escuelas de música y_o danza reconocidas'.

Resumen tomado del autor. Incluye un apartado dedicado a las disposiciones legales (p. 203-206)

Tractament elemental d'imatges amb OpenOffice 1.0.2. 'Tratamiento elemental de imágenes con OpenOffice 1.0.2'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Incluye imágenes de capturas de pantalla del ordenador