The loss of female sex pheromone after mating in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea: identification of a male pheromonostatic peptide.

Female moths often become depleted of sex pheromone after mating as the various components of virgin behavior are switched off. In examining a potential male contribution to these events in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea, we have characterized a basic polypeptide from the tissues producing (accessory glands) and storing (duplex) the seminal fluids. The peptide evokes the depletion of sex pheromone when injected into virgin females. This pheromonostatic peptide (PSP) is 57 amino acids long and contains a single disulfide bridge. It is blocked at the N terminus with pyroglutamate and at the C terminus by amidation. As little as 23 ng of peptide evokes the near-complete depletion of pheromone in decapitated (neck-ligated) females that had been injected with pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide. Activity is approximately 15-fold less in intact virgins, showing that the head limits the expression of activity in these injected females. Females mated to surgically impaired males, capable of producing a spermatophore but not transferring spermatozoa or seminal fluids, are depleted of pheromone by injected peptide. Females whose abdominal nerve cords have been severed are not depleted of pheromone after mating. Thus, neural signals either descending or ascending via the nerve cord are required for the depletion of pheromone after mating. PSP, from the seminal fluids, may participate in this process by direct or indirect action on the glandular tissue; if so, it represents an unusual mechanism in insects for the regulation by seminal fluids of postmating reproductive behavior.

Efetividade de dois intervalos de retorno clínico na incidência de cárie em pré-escolares que apresentaram alto risco de cárie: acompanhamento inicial de oito meses de um ensaio clínico randomizado

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de dois intervalos de retorno clinico na incidência de cárie em pré-escolares que apresentaram alto risco de cárie. Também, foram avaliadas como desfechos secundários a paralisação de lesões de cárie já existentes, o nível de ansiedade, e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB), de acordo com cada intervalo empregado. A amostra foi composta por 224 crianças entre 3 a 5 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, com alto risco de cárie, de acordo com os critérios clínicos adaptados da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de Saúde de São Paulo. As crianças foram alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1) - exame clínico bucal mais, orientação de cuidados de higiene bucal e dieta com intervalos de retornos clínicos de 4 meses; Grupo 2 (G2) - exame clínico bucal mais, orientação de cuidados de higiene bucal e dieta com intervalos de retornos de 8 meses. Os exames clínicos bucais foram realizados por um único examinador treinado e calibrado, cego aos grupos de estudo em que as crianças estavam alocadas. O exame clínico bucal abrangeu a detecção e atividade de lesões de cárie de acordo com o índice ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Asessment System) e as características clínicas de lesões de cárie ativas e inativas foram associadas com os critérios descritos no manual do Comitê ICDAS. Um dentista externo cego aos grupos de estudo realizou as orientações sobre cuidados de saúde bucal, avaliou o nível de ansiedadeatravés da Escala de Imagem Facial, e a QVRSB mensurada pelo B-ECOHIS. Todos os grupos foram acompanhados durante um período de 8meses, totalizando duas consultas de retorno para o G1 e uma consulta para o G2. Todas as análises foram realizadas por intenção de tratar (ITT). A curto prazo, os resultados apresentam que retorno de 4 e 8 meses apresentaram-se similares em todos os desfechos do estudo para pré-escolares com alto de risco de cárie a nível de saúde pública.

Molecules, wing pattern and distribution: an approach to species delimitation in the "loxurina group" (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Penaincisalia)

The wide range of morphological variations in the “loxurina group” makes taxa identification difficult, and despite several reviews, serious taxonomical confusion remains. We make use of DNA data in conjunction with morphological appearance and available information on species distribution to delimit the boundaries of the “loxurina” group species previously established based on morphology. A fragment of 635 base pairs within the mtDNA gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analysed for seven species of the “loxurina group”. Phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa were inferred using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Penaincisalia sigsiga (Bálint et al), P. cillutincarae (Draudt), P. atymna (Hewitson) and P. loxurina (C. Felder & R. Felder) were easily delimited as the morphological, geographic and molecular data were congruent. Penaincisalia ludovica (Bálint & Wojtusiak) and P. loxurina astillero (Johnson) represent the same entity and constitute a sub-species of P. loxurina. However, incongruence among morphological, genetic, and geographic data is shown in P. chachapoya (Bálint & Wojtusiak) and P. tegulina (Bálint et al). Our results highlight that an integrative approach is needed to clarify the taxonomy of these neotropical taxa, but more genetic and geographical studies are still required.

Evolutionary history of the recruitment of conserved developmental genes in association to the formation and diversification of a novel trait

The origin and modification of novel traits are important aspects of biological diversification. Studies combining concepts and approaches of developmental genetics and evolutionary biology have uncovered many examples of the recruitment, or co-option, of genes conserved across lineages for the formation of novel, lineage-restricted traits. However, little is known about the evolutionary history of the recruitment of those genes, and of the relationship between them -for example, whether the co-option involves whole or parts of existing networks, or whether it occurs by redeployment of individual genes with de novo rewiring. We use a model novel trait, color pattern elements on butterfly wings called eyespots, to explore these questions. Eyespots have greatly diversified under natural and sexual selection, and their formation involves genetic circuitries shared across insects.

Wigwam wonder tales /

Ill. on lining paper.

Revised check list of the North American Noctuidae.

At head of title: North American Lepidoptera.

Museum pests : Dermestid beetles, clothes moth, case making moth : final report /

Pagination preceded by package no.: xxiii.

Christmas every day and other stories told for children /

Christmas every day.--Turkeys turning the tables.--The pony engine and the Pacific express.--The pumpkin-glory.--Butterflyflutterby and Flutterby butterfly.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalænæ the British Museum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Schwartz /

I. Schwartz: a history. Young Mr. Barter's repentance.--II. Bulldog and Butterfly. Julia and her Romeo: a chronicle of castle Barfield.

Anatomie und Biologie von Acentropus niveus Oliv ...

Lebenslauf.

Alas, aguijones y cosas zanquilargas : insectos de Illinois

Introduces Illinois insects including the house fly, mosquito, grasshopper, dragonfly, praying mantis, monarch butterfly, firefly, honey bee, water strider, and ladybug.

Wings, stings and leggy things : insects of Illinois.

Introduces Illinois insects including the house fly, mosquito, grasshopper, dragonfly, praying mantis, monarch butterfly, firefly, honey bee, water strider, and ladybug.

Miller's modern acting drama, consisting of the most popular pieces produced at the London theatres, subject to the provisions of the Dramatic copyright act ...

Half-title: Modern acting drama.

Stories by foreign authors.

Spanish: [v.10] The tall woman, by P.A. de Alarcón. -- The white butterfly, by J. Selgas. -- The organist, by G.A. Becquer. -- Moors and Christians, by P.A. de Alarcón. -- Bread cast upon the waters, by Fernan Caballero.