Coordenação gestual na produção de encontros consonantais em crianças com desenvolvimento de linguagem típico e atípico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anatomia de folha e eixo da inflorescência: contribuições à taxonomia de Rapateaceae

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de software para avaliação dos desempenhos hidráulico e econômico de pivôs centrais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Métodos de debicagem: desenvolvimento e desempenho produtivo de poedeiras leves e semipesadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Coordenação gestual na produção de encontros consonantais em crianças com desenvolvimento de linguagem típico e atípico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anatomia de folha e eixo da inflorescência: contribuições à taxonomia de Rapateaceae

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de software para avaliação dos desempenhos hidráulico e econômico de pivôs centrais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Aerial organ anatomy of Smilax syphilitica (Smilacaceae)

Smilax L. in Brazil is represented by 32 taxa and it is a taxonomically difficult genus because the plants are dioecious and show wide phenotypic variation. The analysis and use of leaf anatomy characters is recognized as a frequently successful taxonomic method to distinguish between individual taxon, when floral material is absent or minute differences in flowers and foliage exist such as in Smilax. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomical features of the aerial organs in Smilax syphilitica collected from the Atlantic Rainforest, in Santa Teresa-ES and the Smilax aff syphilitica from the Amazon Rainforest, in Manaus, Brazil. For this, a total of three samples of Smilax were collected per site. Sample leaves and stems were fixed with FAA 50, embedded in historesin, sectioned on a rotary microtome, stained and mounted in synthetic resin. Additionally, histochemical tests were performed and cuticle ornamentation was analyzed with standard scanning electron microscopy. S. syphilitica and S. aff syphilitica differed in cuticle ornamentation, epidermal cell arrangement and wall thickness, stomata type and orientation, calcium oxalate crystal type, and position of stem thorns. Leaf blades of S. syphilitica from the Amazon Rainforest have a network of rounded ridges on both sides, while in S. aff syphilitica, these ridges are parallel and the spaces between them are filled with numerous membranous platelets. Viewed from the front, the epidermal cells of S. syphilitica have sinuous walls (even more pronounced in samples from the Amazon); while in S. aff syphilitica, these cells are also sinuous but elongated in the cross-section of the blade and arranged in parallel. Stomata of S. syphilitica are paracytic, whereas in S. aff syphilitica, are both paracytic and anisocytic, and their polar axes are directed towards the mid-vein. Calcium oxalate crystals in S. syphilitica are prisms, whereas in S. aff syphilitica, crystal sand. Thorns occur in nodes and internodes in S. syphilitica but only in internodes in S. aff syphilitica. These features have proven to be of diagnostic value and may support a separation into two species, but future studies are needed to confirm that S. aff syphilitica is indeed a new taxon. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60(3): 1137-1148. Epub 2012 September 01.

Effect of sample pre-cracking method and notch geometry in plane strain fracture toughness tests as applied to a PMMA resin

The influence of test method factors (notch shape, square or angular, and pre-cracking method, by tapping onto or pressing a razor blade) on the results obtained in plane strain fracture toughness test according to standard ASTM D5045 using SENB specimens made of a commercial PMMA resin were investigated. Results were analyzed quantitatively by comparing the obtained K-IC values and qualitatively by observing their effect on the Moire fringes observed using photoelasticity, showing that, at 95% significance level, the K-IC values are affected by the pre-cracking method, with the most conservative value being obtained when natural pre-cracks were introduced by tapping onto a razor blade (K-IC = 1.15 +/- 0.11 MPa.m(0.5)). This correlates with a perturbation in the stress field close to the pre-crack tip observed in the photoelasticity test sample when it was introduced by pressing the razor blade. Surprisingly, notch geometry only slightly affects the results. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oleoresin glands in copaiba (Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne: Leguminosae), a Brazilian rainforest tree

Although studies have addressed the chemical analysis and the biological activity of oleoresin in species of Copaifera, the cellular mechanisms of oleoresin production, storage, and release have rarely been investigated. This study detailed the distribution, ontogeny, and ultrastructure of secretory cavities and canals distributed in leaf and stem, respectively, of Copaifera trapezifolia, a Brazilian species included in a plant group of great economic interest. Axillary vegetative buds, leaflets, and portions of stem in primary and secondary growth were collected and processed in order to study the anatomy, histolocalization of substances, and ultrastructure. Secretory cavities are observed in the foliar blade and secretory canals in the petiolule and stem. They are made up of a uniseriate epithelium delimiting an isodiametric or elongated lumen. Biseriate epithelium is rarely observed and is a novelty for Leguminosae. Cavities and canals originate from ground meristem cells and the lumen is formed by schizogenesis. The content of the cavities and canals of both stem and leaf is oily and resinous, which suggests that the oleoresin could be extracted from the leaf instead of the stem. Phenolic compounds are also detected in the epithelial cell cytoplasm. Cavities and canals in the beginning of developmental stages have polarized epithelial cells. The cytoplasm is rich in smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula connected to vesicles or plastids. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and plastids were found to be predominant in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavities and canals of C. trapezifolia. Such features testify the quantities of oleoresin found in the lumen and phenolic compounds in the epithelial cell cytoplasm of these glands. Other studies employing techniques such as correlative light electron microscopy could show the vesicle traffic and the compartmentalization of the produced substances in such glands.

Biomechanical comments about Triassic dinosaurs from Brazil

Triassic dinosaurs of Brazil are found in Santa Maria and Caturrita formations, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. There are three species known from the Santa Maria Formation (Staurikosaurus pricei, Saturnalia tupiniquim and Pampadromaeus barberenai), and two from Caturrita Formation (Guaibasaurus candelariensis and Unaysaurus tolentinoi). These dinosaur materials are, for the most part, well preserved and allow for descriptions of musculature and biomechanical studies. The lateral rotation of the Saturnalia femur is corroborated through calculations of muscle moment arms. The enhanced supracetabular crest of Saturnalia, Guaibasaurus, Staurikosaurus, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Efraasia minor and Chormogisaurus novasi suggests that basal dinosaurs may have maintained an inclination of the trunk at least 20º on the horizontal axis. The pectoral girdle articulation of basal sauropodomorphs (Saturnalia and Unaysaurus) was established using a new method, the Clavicular Ring, and the scapular blade remains near 60º on the horizontal axis. This is a plesiomorphic condition among sauropodomorphs and is also seen in the articulated plateosauridae Seitaad ruessi. The Brazilian basal dinosaurs were lightweight with a body mass estimated around 18.5 kg for Staurikosaurus, 6.5 kg for Saturnalia, and 17 kg for Guaibasaurus. Pampadromaeus probably weighed 2.5 kg, but measures of its femur are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The Triassic dinosaurs from Brazil were diversified but shared some functional aspects that were important in an evolutionary context.

Das Paläolithikum der Magdalenahöhle bei Gerolstein

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das von 1969 – 1972 ergrabene Inventar der Magdalenahöhle bei Gerolstein unter kritischer Berücksichtigung der Originaldokumentation sowie der stratigraphischen und sedimentologischen Beschreibungen erneut untersucht und v.a. hinsichtlich zweier Arbeitshypothesen überprüft. Daneben fanden jedoch auch die Schmuckobjekte und in kursorischer Weise die Tierknochen Betrachtung. Die Elfenbeinobjekte setzen sich aus elf Fragmenten zusammen, die bereits in zerbrochenem Zustand in die Höhle gelangt sein müssen. Sie sind mit mehreren Linienbündeln verziert, die teilweise aus v- oder zickzack-förmigen Motiven bestehen. Auch gestanzte Punktreihen treten auf. In ihrer Größe und Form sind die Elfenbeinobjekte einzigartig. Lediglich aus der Csákvár-Höhle in Ungarn gibt es vergleichbare Stücke, deren genaue Altersstellung jedoch unklar ist. Daneben kommen in der Magdalenahöhle zwei vollständige durchlochte Hirschgrandeln sowie die Fragmente einer durchlochten Grandel sowie eines durchlochten Wolfzahns vor. Diese tragen teilweise Spuren einer Aufhängung bzw. Befestigung. Der Grund für ihre Niederlegung vor Ort ist indes nicht endgültig zu klären. Die überlieferten Tierknochen besitzen verschiedene Grade von Verfärbung und Erhaltung, lassen sich dadurch jedoch nicht verschiedenen Schichten zuordnen. Neben Modifikationen von Carnivoren, darunter v.a. durch Verdauungsprozesse, sind auch an einigen Exemplaren Schnittspuren festgestellt worden. Eine Bärenphalange aus der Fundschicht b1 eröffnet so die Perspektive, die menschliche Belegung erneut mit der Radiokohlenstoffmethode direkt zu datieren. Der Untere paläolithische Fundhorizont besteht aus relativ unspezifischen Quarzartefakten, die von einer opportunistischen Abschlags- und Werkzeugsgewinnung aus lokalen Schottern zeugen. Für den Oberen paläolithischen Fundhorizont zeigt die Steinartefaktanalyse, dass die Abschläge als Herstellungsreste dünner bifazieller Geräte angesprochen werden können. Während dieser Befund alleine auch im Zusammenhang mit den spätmittelpaläolithischen Blattspitzengruppen gesehen werden kann, sprechen die bereits erwähnten vergesellschafteten Schmuckobjekte, der Nachweis eines Klingenabbaus sowie die fast ausschließliche Verwendung exogenen Rohmaterials für einen jungpaläolithischen Kontext, d.h. für eine Affinität zum Solutréen. Die Steinartefakte der Magdalenahöhle zeugen gleichzeitig von einer sehr mobilen Lebensweise, da lediglich eine Phase des Herstellungsprozesses des bifaziellen Geräts vor Ort stattgefunden hat. Gleichzeitig wurden früher an anderem Ort gewonnene Abschläge mitgebracht und als Werkzeug verwendet. Ebenso wie der Kern selbst wurden Abschläge auch wieder abtransportiert. Insgesamt kann daher eine Rohmaterial konservierende Strategie rekonstruiert werden, in der neben dem Kern als Gerät selbst auch die Abschläge Verwendung finden. Da die Magdalenahöhle als östlicher Niederschlag des Solutréen und als Beleg für das maximale Verbreitungsgebiet dieses Technokomplexes gewertet werden muss, reiht sie sich in eine Reihe von Fundstellen und Argumenten ein, wonach das zentrale Mitteleuropa während des LGM s.l. nicht menschenleer war, sondern in sporadischen Exkursionen begangen wurde. Obwohl sich daran noch keine dauerhafte Wiederbesiedlung anschloss, muss vom Bild einer absoluten Siedlungsleere Abstand genommen werden. Weitere Fundstellen und absolutchronologische Datierungen, u.a. der Magdalenahöhle, könnten in Zukunft zu einem noch besseren Verständnis der menschlichen Anpassungsstragien an kaltzeitliche Umwelten beitragen.

Stab or throw? Biomechanical studies on the injuring potential of glass fragments

During a Christmas party, two male guests started fighting. The perpetrator was allegedly pushed onto a glass table by the victim or fell into the table together with that man so that the glass top broke and caused a cut wound on the perpetrator's back. According to his statement he then threw a fragment of the broken glass table in the direction of the other man hitting him accidentally in a way so that the subclavian artery was severed and he died from exsanguination. Tests on the breaking characteristics of the glass table, the flying behaviour and the kinetics of thrown glass fragments conducted on various models supported the conclusion that the fatal injury on the victim's neck could not have been caused by a thrown glass fragment. It was much more likely that a stab with a blade-shaped glass fragment was the cause of the fatal injuries.

Endoscopic resection of laryngeal and tracheal lesions using the microdebrider

CONCLUSION: Endoscopic resection of laryngeal and tracheal lesions using the microdebrider is a safe, accurate and reliable method. OBJECTIVE: The microdebrider is an important tool for endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery and over the last few years a powered blade with a long shaft has been developed for endoscopic laryngeal and tracheal surgery. The aim of this non-randomized prospective study was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the microdebrider for treating patients with different laryngeal and tracheal pathologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The laryngeal microdebrider was used under endoscopic control in 37 patients. In 29 cases a benign laryngeal lesion was removed endoscopically. In four patients debulking of a malignant obstructive endolaryngeal tumor was performed in order to avoid a tracheotomy. In four cases a bulky obstructing endotracheal lesion was removed. RESULTS: All laryngotracheal lesions could be removed, and this was facilitated by the use of angled rigid telescopes and the laryngeal blade. No traumatic lesions to normal laryngeal tissue occurred as a result of use of the microdebrider and no postoperative endolaryngeal bleeding was observed. The histological diagnosis of the biopsies taken with the microdebrider was accurate in every case. In three of the four cases with obstructive laryngeal malignancies, a tracheotomy was avoided until definitive therapy was undertaken. Normal breathing was restored in all patients with endotracheal lesions.

Structural response and dynamics of fluid-structure-control interaction in wind turbine blades

Reducing the uncertainties related to blade dynamics by the improvement of the quality of numerical simulations of the fluid structure interaction process is a key for a breakthrough in wind-turbine technology. A fundamental step in that direction is the implementation of aeroelastic models capable of capturing the complex features of innovative prototype blades, so they can be tested at realistic full-scale conditions with a reasonable computational cost. We make use of a code based on a combination of two advanced numerical models implemented in a parallel HPC supercomputer platform: First, a model of the structural response of heterogeneous composite blades, based on a variation of the dimensional reduction technique proposed by Hodges and Yu. This technique has the capacity of reducing the geometrical complexity of the blade section into a stiffness matrix for an equivalent beam. The reduced 1-D strain energy is equivalent to the actual 3-D strain energy in an asymptotic sense, allowing accurate modeling of the blade structure as a 1-D finite-element problem. This substantially reduces the computational effort required to model the structural dynamics at each time step. Second, a novel aerodynamic model based on an advanced implementation of the BEM(Blade ElementMomentum) Theory; where all velocities and forces are re-projected through orthogonal matrices into the instantaneous deformed configuration to fully include the effects of large displacements and rotation of the airfoil sections into the computation of aerodynamic forces. This allows the aerodynamic model to take into account the effects of the complex flexo-torsional deformation that can be captured by the more sophisticated structural model mentioned above. In this thesis we have successfully developed a powerful computational tool for the aeroelastic analysis of wind-turbine blades. Due to the particular features mentioned above in terms of a full representation of the combined modes of deformation of the blade as a complex structural part and their effects on the aerodynamic loads, it constitutes a substantial advancement ahead the state-of-the-art aeroelastic models currently available, like the FAST-Aerodyn suite. In this thesis, we also include the results of several experiments on the NREL-5MW blade, which is widely accepted today as a benchmark blade, together with some modifications intended to explore the capacities of the new code in terms of capturing features on blade-dynamic behavior, which are normally overlooked by the existing aeroelastic models.