961 resultados para Yangtze River Valley
Resumo:
En el contexto de la posible habilitación de una ruta entre Chile y Argentina a través del paso fronterizo Las Leñas en Chile central, alternativo al Cristo Redentor, se procedió a analizar las vulnerabilidades y los impactos provocados por la geodinámica en áreas montañosas. Se evaluaron procesos erosivos en los ambientes de baja, media y alta montaña en el valle del río Cachapoal. La alta energía de estos paisajes es causante de la generación y el aporte de sedimentos mediante erosión, la que es activada por las precipitaciones intensas y la acción periglacial. Las diferencias erosivas se entienden por la presencia de distintas formas del paisaje; así, los depósitos basales en alta montaña están asociados a movimientos del terreno en masa, y la erosión lineal se desarrolla sobre las terrazas fluviales ubicadas en fondo de valle, las que se encuentran estabilizadas por la mayor cobertura vegetal.
Resumo:
En el presente trabajo se estudia la distribución espacial de la temperatura de brillo y superficie, con la utilización de imágenes satelitales LANDSAT7 ETM+ y NOAA-AVHRR en el valle cultivado del río Neuquén. El estudio de la distribución espacial de la temperatura en una zona con un terreno algo complejo implica la utilización de una gran densidad de mediciones meteorológicas. Muchas veces no es posible concretar la densidad adecuada de la red agrometeorológica debido a los altos costos de instalación y mantenimiento. Los sensores remotos proporcionan un gran caudal de información en una variedad de resoluciones, con costos considerablemente menores. La determinación de zonas cálidas y frías en el valle permitiría hacer más eficientes los métodos de riego y de lucha contra heladas y proporcionaría herramientas para la mejor planificación productiva de la zona.
Resumo:
El objeto de la presente comunicación es analizar los modos en que, desde mediados del siglo XIX, la elite liberal santiaguena, planteó la implantación capitalista y los diversos proyectos modernizadores en el área económica, en un territorio signado por la marginalidad histórica, espacios ecológicos dispares y extremos y escasos recursos económicos para concretar acciones estratégicas de magnitud. Enrolada en la filosofía del progreso, seguidora de los postulados alberdianos y dispuesta a incorporar a las producciones santiaguenas en los circuitos económicos del sistema capitalista, en tanto Estado, llevaron adelante unas prácticas que tuvieron como primer gran objetivo, estudiar los espacios económicos potencialmente aptos para desarrollar las producciones pecuarias que el mercado europeo demandaba. De modo que una conjunción de intereses entre aspiraciones locales y demandas europeas, dará como resultado la evaluación de las potencialidades de tres espacios: la cuenca del río Salado del Norte, la cuenca del río Dulce y el espacio del "mesón de fierro". Enlazando las tres áreas, los proyectos ferroviarios con trazados que las relacionaban entre sí y con los puertos sobre el Paraná.
Resumo:
En el contexto de la posible habilitación de una ruta entre Chile y Argentina a través del paso fronterizo Las Leñas en Chile central, alternativo al Cristo Redentor, se procedió a analizar las vulnerabilidades y los impactos provocados por la geodinámica en áreas montañosas. Se evaluaron procesos erosivos en los ambientes de baja, media y alta montaña en el valle del río Cachapoal. La alta energía de estos paisajes es causante de la generación y el aporte de sedimentos mediante erosión, la que es activada por las precipitaciones intensas y la acción periglacial. Las diferencias erosivas se entienden por la presencia de distintas formas del paisaje; así, los depósitos basales en alta montaña están asociados a movimientos del terreno en masa, y la erosión lineal se desarrolla sobre las terrazas fluviales ubicadas en fondo de valle, las que se encuentran estabilizadas por la mayor cobertura vegetal.
Resumo:
En el presente trabajo se estudia la distribución espacial de la temperatura de brillo y superficie, con la utilización de imágenes satelitales LANDSAT7 ETM+ y NOAA-AVHRR en el valle cultivado del río Neuquén. El estudio de la distribución espacial de la temperatura en una zona con un terreno algo complejo implica la utilización de una gran densidad de mediciones meteorológicas. Muchas veces no es posible concretar la densidad adecuada de la red agrometeorológica debido a los altos costos de instalación y mantenimiento. Los sensores remotos proporcionan un gran caudal de información en una variedad de resoluciones, con costos considerablemente menores. La determinación de zonas cálidas y frías en el valle permitiría hacer más eficientes los métodos de riego y de lucha contra heladas y proporcionaría herramientas para la mejor planificación productiva de la zona.
Resumo:
El objeto de la presente comunicación es analizar los modos en que, desde mediados del siglo XIX, la elite liberal santiaguena, planteó la implantación capitalista y los diversos proyectos modernizadores en el área económica, en un territorio signado por la marginalidad histórica, espacios ecológicos dispares y extremos y escasos recursos económicos para concretar acciones estratégicas de magnitud. Enrolada en la filosofía del progreso, seguidora de los postulados alberdianos y dispuesta a incorporar a las producciones santiaguenas en los circuitos económicos del sistema capitalista, en tanto Estado, llevaron adelante unas prácticas que tuvieron como primer gran objetivo, estudiar los espacios económicos potencialmente aptos para desarrollar las producciones pecuarias que el mercado europeo demandaba. De modo que una conjunción de intereses entre aspiraciones locales y demandas europeas, dará como resultado la evaluación de las potencialidades de tres espacios: la cuenca del río Salado del Norte, la cuenca del río Dulce y el espacio del "mesón de fierro". Enlazando las tres áreas, los proyectos ferroviarios con trazados que las relacionaban entre sí y con los puertos sobre el Paraná.
Resumo:
En el contexto de la posible habilitación de una ruta entre Chile y Argentina a través del paso fronterizo Las Leñas en Chile central, alternativo al Cristo Redentor, se procedió a analizar las vulnerabilidades y los impactos provocados por la geodinámica en áreas montañosas. Se evaluaron procesos erosivos en los ambientes de baja, media y alta montaña en el valle del río Cachapoal. La alta energía de estos paisajes es causante de la generación y el aporte de sedimentos mediante erosión, la que es activada por las precipitaciones intensas y la acción periglacial. Las diferencias erosivas se entienden por la presencia de distintas formas del paisaje; así, los depósitos basales en alta montaña están asociados a movimientos del terreno en masa, y la erosión lineal se desarrolla sobre las terrazas fluviales ubicadas en fondo de valle, las que se encuentran estabilizadas por la mayor cobertura vegetal.
Resumo:
This work considers results of a study of Holocene cover sediments in Iceland. They are largely composed of wind-transported palagonitized hyaloclastite particles and coeval horizons of acid and basic tephras. It is established that polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are released from basaltic glass in natural environments only in case of intense physicochemical alteration and destruction of its structure. This process does not influence PAH composition and their quantitative proportions. No new PAH formed during several thousands of years in Holocene section. Hydrocarbons are transferred from fixed state in basaltic glass into free state in palagonites practically without any changes. PAH were mainly redeposited by winds, derived together with palagonite from weathered hyaloclastites, and precipitated from atmosphere with tephra during eruptions.
Resumo:
This study investigates the landscape evolution and soil development in the loess area near Regensburg between approximately 6000-2000 yr BP (radiocarbon years), Eastern Bavaria. The focus is on the question how man and climate influenced landscape evolution and what their relative significance was. The theoretical background concerning the factors that controlled prehistoric soil erosion in Middle Europe is summarized with respect to rainfall intensity and distribution, pedogenesis, Pleistocene relief, and prehistoric farming. Colluvial deposits , flood loams, and soils were studied at ten different and representative sites that served as archives of their respective palaeoenvironments. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and pedological methods were applied. According to the findings presented here, there was a high asynchronity of landscape evolution in the investigation area, which was due to prehistoric land-use patterns. Prehistoric land use and settlement caused highly difIerenciated phases of morphodynamic activity and stability in time and space. These are documented at the single catenas ofeach site. In general, Pleistocene relief was substantially lowered. At the same time smaller landforms such as dells and minor asymmetric valleys filled up and strongly transformed. However, there were short phases at many sites, forming short lived linear erosion features ('Runsen'), resulting from exceptional rainfalls. These forms are results of single events without showing regional trends. Generally, the onset of the sedimentation of colluvial deposits took place much earlier (usually 3500 yr BP (radiocarbon) and younger) than the formation of flood loams. Thus, the deposition of flood loams in the Kleine Laaber river valley started mainly as a consequence of iron age farming only at around 2500 yr BP (radiocarbon). A cascade system explains the different ages of colluvial deposits and flood loams: as a result of prehistoric land use, dells and other minor Pleistocene landforms were filled with colluvial sediments. After the filling of these primary sediment traps , eroded material was transported into flood plains, thus forming flood loams. But at the moment we cannot quantify the extent ofprehistoric soil erosion in the investigation area. The three factors that controlled the prehistoric Iandscapc evolution in the Ioess area near Regensburg are as follows: 1. The transformation from a natural to a prehistoric cultural landscape was the most important factor: A landscape with stable relief was changed into a highly morphodynamic one with soil erosion as the dominant process of this change. 2. The sediment traps of the pre-anthropogenic relief determined where the material originated from soil erosion was deposited: either sedimentation took place on the slopes or the filled sediment traps of the slopes rendered flood loam formation possible. Climatic influence of any importance can only be documented as the result of land use in connection with singular and/or statistic events of heavy rainfalls. Without human impact, no significant change in the Holocene landscape would have been possible.
Resumo:
Sannai-Maruyama is one of the most famous and best-researched mid-Holocene (mid-Jomon) archaeological sites in Japan, because of a large community of people for a long period. Archaeological studies have shown that the Jomon people inhabited the Sannai-Maruyama site from 5.9-4.2 +/- 0.1 cal. kyr B.P. However, a continuous record of the terrestrial and marine environments around the site has not been available. Core KT05-7 PC-02, was recovered from Mutsu Bay, only 20 km from the site, for the reconstruction of high-resolution time series of environmental records, including sea surface temperature (SST). C37 alkenone SSTs showed clear fluctuations, with four periods of high (8.4-7.9, 7.0-5.9, 5.1-4.1, and 2.3-1.4 cal. kyr B.P.) and four of low (-8.4, 7.9-7.0, 5.9-5.1, and 4.1-2.3 cal. kyr B.P.) SST. Thus, each SST cycle lasted 1.0-2.0 kyr, and the amplitude of fluctuation was about 1.5-2.0 °C. Total organic carbon (TOC) and C37 alkenone contents, and the TOC/total nitrogen ratio indicate that marine biogenic production was low before 7.0 cal. kyr B.P., but was clearly increased between 5.9 and 4.0 cal. kyr B.P., because of stronger vertical mixing. During the period when the community at the site prospered (between 5.9 and 4.2 +/- 0.1 cal. kyr B.P.), the terrestrial climate was relatively warm. The high relative abundance of pollen of both Castanea and Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis supports the interpretation that the local climate was optimal for human habitation. Between 5.9 and 5.1 cal. kyr B.P., in spite of warm terrestrial climates, the C37 alkenone SST was low; this apparent discrepancy may be attributed to the water column structure in the Tsugaru Strait, which differed from the modern condition. The evidence suggests that at about 5.9 cal. kyr B.P, high productivity of marine resources such as fish and shellfish and a warm terrestrial climate led to the establishment of a human community at the Sannai-Maruyama site. Then, at about 4.1 +/- 0.1 cal. kyr B.P., abrupt marine and terrestrial cooling, indicated by a decrease of about 2 °C in the C37 alkenone SST and an increase in pollen of taxa of cooler climates, led to a reduced terrestrial food supply, causing the people to abandon the site. The timing of the abandonment is consistent with the timing (around 4.0-4.3 cal. kyr B.P.) of the decline of civilizations in north Mesopotamia and along the Yangtze River. These findings suggest that a temperature rise of ~2 °C in this century as a result of global warming could have a great impact on the human community and especially on agriculture, despite the advances of contemporary society.
Resumo:
Pollen analysis of samples taken from the core of the water well Fersina 2 (Adige Valley, Prov. Trento, NE Italy) did not reveal any indication of an interglacial or Holocene age of the uppermost 190 m in the sediment sequence deposited in the over-deepened Adige River Valley. The sediment sequence dates entirely from late-glacial times. Four radiocarbon ages of pieces of wood indicate that about 165 m of the upper part of the profile are of Younger Dryas age. The lower part of the sequence dates from the Allerød or Bølling/Allerød and a preceding cold phase, probably the Oldest Dryas. Accordingly the deposition of the sequence took about 2500 or 3500 years and was completed long before the onset of the Neolithic. Our results are in excellent agreement with findings in other formerly glaciated alpine valleys (e.g. the Traun, Salzach and Enns valleys in the Northern Alps). The final depth of the Fersina 2 well is 190 m. It is very likely that the sediment sequence found below this level in the nearby 423 m deep Fersina 1 well was also deposited after the deglaciation of the Adige Valley at the end of the last glacial period.
Resumo:
Helium isotope composition as an indicator of the mantle-derived component was studied in gases from mineral springs, stratal waters, and mud volcanoes developed west of the Teberda River valley (10 objects) and two springs in the central segment of the Greater Caucasus orogen between the active El'brus and Kazbek volcanoes. In the western segment of the orogen ratios of 3He/4He = R_corr vary from 46x10**-8 to 114x10**-8 (from 0.33 to 0.81 R_atm, where R_atm = 1.4x10**-6 is the atmospheric ratio). They are substantially lower relative to ratios in the vicinity of El'brus and Kazbek and close to those in samples from the central segment (from 70x10**-8 to 134x10**-8 (from 0.50 to 0.96 R_atm), as well as to ratios previously recorded in the Caucasian Mineral Waters (CMW) area. Moreover, concentration of 3He in them is notably higher than its crustal radiogenic level characteristic of mud volcanoes in the Taman Peninsula, where 3He/4He varies from 1.4x10**-8 to 2.8x10**-8 (from 0.01 to 0.02 R_atm). Nitrogen-methane gas from northern piedmonts of the western Caucasus also contains nonatmogenic components including radiogenic 40Ar (40Ar/36Ar = 900), excessive nitrogen (~87% of total N2 concentration in sample) and mantle He. These data specify distribution of mantle derivates along the orogen strike and age of intrusive magmatic activity in its different segments.
Liver proteome profiling of juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) using GeLC-MS/MS approach
Resumo:
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, has been listed as a grade I protected animal in China because of a dramatic decline in population owing to loss of natural habitat for reproduction and interference by human activities. Understanding the proteome profile of Chinese sturgeon liver would provide an invaluable resource for protecting and increasing the stocks of this species. In this study, we have analyzed proteome profiles of juvenile Chinese sturgeon liver using a one-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to LC-MS/MS approach. A total of 1059 proteins and 2084 peptides were identified. The liver proteome was found to be associated with diverse biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. The proteome profile identified a variety of significant pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways. It also established a network for protein biosynthesis, folding and catabolic processes. The proteome profile established in this study can be used for understanding the development of Chinese sturgeon and studying the molecular mechanisms of action under environmental or chemical stress, providing very useful omics information that can be applied to preserve this species.