Esofagopatia chagásica complicada com esôfago de Barrett

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an uncommon condition in chagasic esophagopathy not previously treated. In this report, a case of chagasic esophagopathy associated to GERD and complicated with Barrett's esophagus is described. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the condition are presented and commented.

Associação entre o achado de cárdia incompetente à endoscopia digestiva alta e presença de esofagite de refluxo

Incompetent cardia (IC) or loose cardia is not uncommon at endoscopic examination but its meaning is not clear. Such incompetence could facilitate gastroesophageal reflux and the appearance of esophagitis as a consequence. The aim of this study is to investigate if there is an association between IC and reflux esophagitis (RE). A review was made of 395 consecutive endoscopic reports of adult males and females performed at the Botucatu Clinics Hospital, of the Unesp - University of the State of São Paulo. Diagnosis of IC is defined by the endoscopic image in which the cardia is partially opened and/or involves the endoscope in a loose manner. Esophagitis characterization was based in the Los Angeles classification. The statistical analysis showed a significant association between CI and RE (p < 0.0001). Although there is not a clear explanation for this association, some hypotheses could be suggested involving hypotonic LES, diaphragmatic crura ineffectiveness and TLESR disorders as conditions able not only to keep the cardia relaxed but also to the reflux followed by esophagitis.

Scanning electron microscope analysis of internal adaptation of materials used for pulp protection under composite resin restorations

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interfacial microgap with different materials used for pulp protection. The null hypothesis tested was that the combination of calcium hydroxide, resin-modified glass ionomer, and dentin adhesive used as pulp protection in composite restorations would not result in a greater axial gap than that obtained with hybridization only. Materials and Methods: Standardized Class V preparations were performed in buccal and lingual surfaces of 60 caries-free, extracted human third molars. The prepared teeth were randomly assessed in six groups: (1) Single Bond (SB) (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); (2) Life (LF) (Kerr Co., Romulus, MI, USA) + SB; (3) LF + Vitrebond (VT) (3M ESPE) + SB; (4) VT + SB; (5) SB + VT; (6) SB + VT + SB. They were restored with microhybrid composite resin Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE), according to the manufacturer's instructions. However, to groups 5 and 6, the dentin bonding adhesive was applied prior to the resin-modified glass ionomer. The specimens were then thermocycled, cross-sectioned through the center of the restoration, fixed, and processed for scanning electron microscopy. The specimens were mounted on stubs and sputter coated. The internal adaptation of the materials to the axial wall was analyzed under SEM with × 1,000 magnification. Results: The data obtained were analyzed with nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, p ≤ .05). The null hypothesis was rejected. Calcium hydroxide and resin-modified glass ionomer applied alone or in conjunction with each other (p < .001) resulted in statistically wider microgaps than occurred when the dentin was only hybridized prior to the restoration. ©2005 BC Decker Inc.

Prevalence of rhinitis among Brazilian schoolchildren: ISAAC phase 3 results

Objective: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) is a standardized method that allows international and regional comparisons of asthma and allergic diseases prevalence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of rhinitis and related symptoms among 6-7 year-old children (SC) and 13-14 year-old adolescents (AD) from 20 Brazilian cities applying the ISAA C's standardized written questionnaire (WQ). Methods: ISAAC's WQ was applied to 23,422 SC and 58,144 AD living in different regions of Brazil: North (N), Northeast (NE), Middle West (MW), Southeast (SE), and South (S). Results: The prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis in the last year ranged from 10.3% to 17.4% and from 8.9% to 28.5% among SC and AD, respectively. Considering SC the highest values were observed in SE region. In NE, the prevalence in countryside centres was higher than those along the coast. Among AD, the highest values were observed in N and S regions, mainly in Pará (Belém). The evaluation of populations probably with the same genetic background has shown higher prevalence among those living in urban centres (capital) in comparison to those in the countryside. Conclusions: The prevalence of rhinitis and related symptoms were variable and predominate in Brazilian N and NE centres.

Is the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms among Brazilian children related to socioeconomic status?

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms among Brazilian children. Methods. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire was applied to 23,457 six- to seven- year-old schoolchildren (SC) and 58,144 thirteen- to fourteen-year-old adolescents (AD) from 20 Brazilian cities. SES was evaluated by infant mortality index, poverty index, and average nominal income for people older than 10 years of age. Results. Current asthma ranged from 16.5% to 31.2% among SC and from 11.8% to 30.5% among AD and severe asthma from 2.9% to 8.5% (SC) and 2.6% to 9.1% (AD). Higher values were observed in Brazilian-Northern, -Northeastern and -Southeastern centers. No significant association between SES and prevalence of asthma and related symptoms was observed. Conclusions. In Brazil, the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms is quite variable and independent of SES. Copyright © 2008 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

Cursos de geologia: expansão, interiorização e consolidação do ensino de geologia no brasil

A short time after the creation of the first Geology courses in Brazil (in 1957 with the pioneers in the University of São Paulo and in the Federal Universities of Ouro Preto, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul, and then in the following year in the Federal Universities of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro), there arose other initiatives that spread almost twenty Geology courses throughout Brazil. In addition to expanding the Geology teaching in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions, these initiatives succeeded in allowing access to geological education for the population in the North and Central-west of Brazil. In the 1960s, the courses in the Federal University of Para in Belém (1964), University of Brasilia (1965) and São Paulo State University in Rio Claro (1969) were implanted. In the following decade, the courses in the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in Seropédica (1970), the Federal University of Ceará in Fortaleza (1970), the University of Rio dos Sinos in São Leopoldo (1973), the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba (1973), the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte (1973), the Federal University of Amazonas in Manaus (1976), the Federal University of Mato Grosso in Cuiabá (1976), the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Natal (1976), and the State University of Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro (1977) were all created. At the close of the twentieth century, the course was implanted in the State University of Campinas (1998). Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, new Geology courses are being implanted, accentuating the movement inland of Geology teaching in Brazil. The Federal University of Pará began a new course in its campus in Marabá in the south-east of Pará and the Federal University of Bahia implanted a new course in its campus in Barreiras in the west of Bahia. Finally, the Federal Universities of Sergipe, Espírito Santo and Roraima commenced Geology courses in Aracaju, Alegre and Boa Vista, respectively. This chapter will present the synthesis of the Geology courses which, over the last decades of the twentieth century, contributed to the expansion of Geology teaching in the country, taking it to every region and giving opportunities to a large number of Brazilian citizens to realize their dreams and tread the paths of their professional vocation.

Effects of mandibular fixed implant-supported prostheses on masticatory and swallowing functions in completely edentulous elderly individuals

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of oral rehabilitation with immediately loaded fixed implant-supported mandibular prostheses on chewing and swallowing in elderly individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifteen completely edentulous patients aged more than 60 years (10 women and rive men), wearing removable dentures in both arches, had a mandibular denture replaced by an implant-supported prosthesis. All individuals were evaluated before surgery and again 3, 6, and 18 months later with regard to mastication and swallowing conditions. Examinations entailed an interview, evaluation of tactile sensitivity of the face, and observation of food intake, masticatory type, formations of bolus, and pain during mastication. The swallowing evaluation comprised observation of clinical signs related to the oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing, as well as the presence of oral residue. The findings of different evaluations before and 3, 6, and 18 months after the surgical-prosthetic procedure were statistically compared by analysis of variance for repeated measurements at a significance level of 5%. Results: The questionnaire revealed a reduction in complaints of masticatory and swallowing disturbances, a decreased need for liquid ingestion, and reduced choking and coughing. Clinical evaluations showed improved oral function and bolus propulsion for both solid and paste-consistency foods; pain during mastication was also resolved. Conclusion: Treatment with mandibular implant-supported dentures had positive effects on the clinical aspects of mastication and swallowing in elderly individuals.

Constipação intestinal

It was reviewed the definition, mechanisms and classification of functional constipation. The diagnostic resources available were showed and it was underlined the importance to investigate and exclude the multiple causes of secondary constipation. The therapy was divided in general measures, like diet and specialized, involving laxatives and others alternatives. It was commented the different categories of laxatives, their actions and adverse effects. It was concluded that the best approach to functional defecatory disorder is biofeedback. Otherwise, for defecatory disturbance caused by mechanical obstruction and refractory constipation due to slow transit the therapeutical option is surgery.

O Grupo Canastra em sua área-tipo, região de Tapira, sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais

This work aimed at describing the Neoproterozoic evolution of a Southern Brasília Fold Belt segment, in Tapira area (southwest of Minas Gerais state, Brazil), using detailed geologic mapping. This area, the Canastra Group type-area, has showed great tectonic and stratigraphic complexities unlike the simplicity suggested in previous works. From recognizing the main tectonic discontinuities, it was possible to subdivide the area into some domains. In the west domain, they were individualized in tectonic sheet I, marked by pelitic rocks and pelitic-graphite rocks with psammitic intercalations, and II, pelitic rocks with psammitic and mafic-ultramafic intercalations overlapped by gneisses. In the east domain, a group of three tectonic sheets was defined, in which, in the two lower tectonic sheets, pelitic and pelitic-graphite rocks with psammitic rock intercalations prevailed, which is different in metamorphic conditions. The lower tectonic sheet is marked by mineralogical associations with muscovite + chlorite + quartz ± graphite ± albite, without biotite; however, the superior one is with muscovite + quartz + garnet ± chlorite ± biotite ± chloritoid ± graphite ± albite. In the upper tectonic sheet, pelitic rocks with local contributions of psammitic and ultramafics rocks occur. In the south domain, psammitic rocks basically occur with contributions of pelitics and rudaceous rocks, where the preservation of textures and sedimentary structures is common. Rocks of the several domains are interpreted as part of a passive continental margin basin, located in the western margin of the São Francisco paleocontinent. Thus, the south domain rocks would represent the facies of proximal platform; rocks of the lower and middle tectonic sheets (east domain) and of the tectonic sheet I (west domain) are of facies distal platform; and the ones from the upper tectonic sheet (east domain) and tectonic sheet II (west domain) were acknowledged as deposited in an environment of continental shelf and/or oceanic seafoor.

Illegal hunting cases detected with molecular forensics in Brazil

Background: Illegal hunting is one of the major threats to vertebrate populations in tropical regions. This unsustainable practice has serious consequences not only for the target populations, but also for the dynamics and structure of tropical ecosystems. Generally, in cases of suspected illegal hunting, the only evidence available is pieces of meat, skin or bone. In these cases, species identification can only be reliably determined using molecular technologies. Here, we reported an investigative study of three cases of suspected wildlife poaching in which molecular biology techniques were employed to identify the hunted species from remains of meat.Findings: By applying cytochrome b (cyt-b) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular markers, the suspected illegal poaching was confirmed by the identification of three wild species, capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) and Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). In Brazil, hunting is a criminal offense, and based on this evidence, the defendants were found guilty and punished with fines; they may still be sentenced to prison for a period of 6 to 12 months.Conclusions: The genetic analysis used in this investigative study was suitable to diagnose the species killed and solve these criminal investigations. Molecular forensic techniques can therefore provide an important tool that enables local law enforcement agencies to apprehend illegal poachers. © 2012 Sanches et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Maternal flow-mediated dilation and nitrite concentration during third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum period

Objectives. To compare maternal flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and nitrite concentration between third trimester of pregnancy (3rdT) and postpartum (PP) period. Additionally, we will evaluate whether FMD correlates with nitrite concentration in both periods. Methods. Eligibility criteria was healthy women with singleton pregnancy, gestational age >28 weeks, nonsmokers, and no personal or family history of vascular disease. Each women was examined during 3rdT and between 8 and 12 weeks PP to evaluate FMD and nitrite concentration in whole blood. Women not examined in both periods were excluded. Values between both periods were compared using paired t tests. Correlation between FMD and nitrite was examined by Pearson correlation coefficient. Significance level set as p<0.05. Results. We invited 42 pregnant women. Among them, 35 were eligible and 7 of them were excluded for not attending the PP evaluation resulting in 28 participants analyzed. We found no significant change in FMD (10.39±5.57% vs. 8.42±4.21%; p=0.11; 3rdT vs. PP, respectively) and no significant change in nitrite concentration (257.41±122.95nmol/L vs. 237.16±90.01nmol/L; p=0.28). Baseline brachial artery diameter had a significant reduction (3.11±0.30 to 2.75±0.34mm; p<0.01). No significant correlation between FMD and nitrite during 3rdT (r=-0.13; p=0.50) or PP (r=0.14; p=0.48) was found. Conclusions. We did not observe significant changes in both FMD and nitrite concentration between third trimester and the PP period. FMD did not correlate with nitrite in both periods. More studies are needed to confirm our findings. © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

O esgotamento da maquinaria carcerária: uma análise do sistema penitenciário do estado de São Paulo (2000-2010)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A representação do caipira na UNESP FM

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Professores eventuais nas escolas estaduais paulistas: ajudantes de serviço geral da educação?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O ensino de trigonometria: perspectivas do ensino fundamental ao médio

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE