La terminología de la compraventa inmobiliaria en España y Finlandia

Este trabajo terminológico trata de los términos en la compraventa inmobiliaria en España y Finlandia. Es un trabajo de carácter descriptivo, y su objetivo es estudiar las diferencias entre los conceptos y términos utilizados en estos dos países y crear una terminología bilingüe que pueda ser útil tanto para los profesionales del sector inmobiliario, los traductores de los contratos como para los consumidores que participen como partes contratantes. El trabajo comienza por una parte teórica, en la que se revisan, por un lado, la terminología como campo de estudio y su situación entre las ciencias cercanas, y, por otro lado, el lenguaje jurídico y sus características, con especial interés en lenguaje utilizado en España y Finlandia. En cuanto a las teorías terminológicas, además de la Teoría General de la Terminología desarrollado por Wüster, se revisan algunas de las teorías más recientes, como la teoría comunicativa de Cabré o la sociocognitiva de Temmerman. Además, para este estudio ha resultado especialmente útil el método de modelado de procesos de Nuopponen que se aplica en dos de los sistemas de conceptos en este trabajo. La segunda parte del trabajo consiste en la terminología de la compraventa inmobiliaria en España y Finlandia. Este trabajo se basa en la recopilación y análisis de los términos utilizados en los contratos de compraventa inmobiliaria, además de los cuales se ha estudiado la legislación pertinente de ambos países. Además, se han utilizado como fuentes páginas web de órganos gubernamentales y de algunas empresas de los sectores inmobiliario y jurídico. Los términos recopilados se han estudiado mediante los métodos terminológicos, analizando las características de cada concepto y definiendo así su significado y relación con los demás conceptos. Estas relaciones se han descrito gráficamente en los sistemas de conceptos que, para facilitar la comprensión, se han dividido en subtemas. En total son nueve sistemas de conceptos, además de dos sistemas que describen el proceso de la compraventa en la práctica. Después de cada sistema de conceptos, se presentan los términos pertinentes en registros terminológicos, en los cuales se incluyen también sus definiciones, términos equivalentes en el otro idioma de la terminología bilingüe, si existen, y posibles notas adicionales. En caso de no existir un término equivalente en el otro idioma, generalmente en este trabajo no se ha propuesto uno, sino que se ha limitado a ofrecer información sobre el significado del término en forma de una nota explicativa.

Effort-reward imbalance and sedentary lifestyle: an observational study in a large occupational cohort

Objectives: To investigate the association between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work and sedentary lifestyle. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the ongoing Finnish Public Sector Study related to 30 433 women and 7718 men aged 17-64 were used (n = 35 918 after exclusion of participants with missing values in covariates). From the responses to a questionnaire, an aggregated mean score for ERI in a work unit was assigned to each participant. The outcome was sedentary lifestyle defined as <2.00 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours/day. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used as an analysis method to include both individual and work unit level predictors in the models. Adjustments were made for age, marital status, occupational status, job contract, smoking, and heavy drinking. Results: Twenty five percent of women and 27% of men had a sedentary lifestyle. High individual level ERI was associated with a higher likelihood of sedentary lifestyle both among women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16) and men (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.33). These associations were not explained by relevant confounders and they were also independent of work unit level job strain measured as a ratio of job demands and control. Conclusions: A mismatch between high occupational effort spent and low reward received in turn seems to be associated with an elevated risk of sedentary lifestyle, although this association is relatively weak.

Effort-reward imbalance at work and the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors: cross-sectional survey in a sample of 36,127 public sector employees

Background In occupational life, a mismatch between high expenditure of effort and receiving few rewards may promote the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors, however, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute this hypothesis. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which the dimensions of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model – effort, rewards and ERI – are associated with the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors. Methods Based on data from the Finnish Public Sector Study, cross-sectional analyses were performed for 28,894 women and 7233 men. ERI was conceptualized as a ratio of effort and rewards. To control for individual differences in response styles, such as a personal disposition to answer negatively to questionnaires, occupational and organizational -level ecological ERI scores were constructed in addition to individual-level ERI scores. Risk factors included current smoking, heavy drinking, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and physical inactivity. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of having one risk factor, two risk factors, and three or four risk factors. The associations between ERI and single risk factors were explored using binary logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for age, socioeconomic position, marital status, and type of job contract, women and men with high ecological ERI were 40% more likely to have simultaneously ≥3 lifestyle risk factors (vs. 0 risk factors) compared with their counterparts with low ERI. When examined separately, both low ecological effort and low ecological rewards were also associated with an elevated prevalence of risk factor co-occurrence. The results obtained with the individual-level scores were in the same direction. The associations of ecological ERI with single risk factors were generally less marked than the associations with the co-occurrence of risk factors. Conclusion This study suggests that a high ratio of occupational efforts relative to rewards may be associated with an elevated risk of having multiple lifestyle risk factors. However, an unexpected association between low effort and a higher likelihood of risk factor co-occurrence as well as the absence of data on overcommitment (and thereby a lack of full test of the ERI model) warrant caution in regard to the extent to which the entire ERI model is supported by our evidence.

Impact on hip fracture mortality after the establishment of an orthogeriatric care program in a colombian hospital

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la mortalidad a un año en pacientes con fractura de cadera, mayores de 65 años tratados en un programa establecido de orto-geriatría. 298 se trataron de acuerdo al protocolo de orto-geriatría, se calculo la mortalidad a un año, se establecieron los predictores de mortalidad orto-geriátrico. La sobrevida anual se incremento de 80% a 89% (p = .039) durante los cuatro años de seguimiento del programa y disminuyo el riesgo de mortalidad anual postoperatorio (Hazard Ratio = 0.54, p = .049). La enfermedad cardiaca y la edad maor a 85 años fueron predictores positivos para mortalidad.