Nutrição mineral de gramíneas tropicais IV: deficiências de micronutrientes e produção de matéria seca e composição mineral do milheto forrageiro

Plantas de milho (Pennisetum americanum cv. Bulb 1) forrageiro em condições controladas, foram submetidas a tratamento com solução nutritiva completa e com omissão de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn tendo como objetivo avaliar a produção de matéria seca, a composição química e estabelecer o quadro sintomatológico das deficiências. As produções de matéria seca nos diversos tratamentos não diferiram do tratamento completo e acusaram os seguintes valores em g: tratamento completo 55,9; -B = 48,1; - Cu = 41,8; -Fe = 67,6; -Mn = 63,6 e -Zn = 57,9. Os níveis analíticos encontrados nas folhas novas no tratamento completo e deficiente em ppm foram: B - 145-26; Cu - 0,53 -0,10; Fe - 175-103; Mn - 62-12; Zn -27-12. O quadro sintomatológico das carências foi obtido para todos os micronutrientes estudados, com exceção do manganês.

Toxidez de alumínio e manganes em sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): IV. Relações entre P, K e Al

Foi feito um experimento, em casa de vegetação com quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino: CMS x S 603, Br 500, Sart e Br 602, usando-se solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon nº 1 modificada para a solução padrão contendo os tratamentos (níveis de Al, P, K). Colhido o material e determinado os pesos da matéria seca da raiz e parte aérea e os teores dos elementos P, K, Ca, Mg e Al, verificou-se que: a) ocorreu estímulo na produção de matéria seca de alguns cultivares por determinadas combinações de níveis de Al e nutrientes; b) o acréscimo dos níveis de K no substrato promoveu um aumento na tolerância ao Al desde que o P estivesse em alta concentração; c) o fornecimento de K em nível muito alto (solução de Hoagland e Arnon(, não permitiu diferenciar cultivares quanto ao grau de tolerância; d) os teores dos elementos Ca, Mg, K, P e Al na parte aérea dos cultivares foram diferentes para os mesmos, quando comparados os tratamentos que acarretaram as maiores e menores produções de matéria seca.

Morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de heliconíneos neotropicais: IV. Dryas iulia alcionea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)

The external features of egg, larva and pupa of Dryas iulia alcionea (Cramer, 1779) are described and illustrated.

Malacological notes, IV / Fritz Haas.

v.31:no.2(1945)

Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani / per T. Thorell. Parte IV : dell'Indo-Malesia, raccolti da O. Beccari, G. Doria, H. Forbes, J. G. H. Kinberg Ed Altri.

v.2:p.4 (1891-1892)

Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani / per T. Thorell. Parte IV : dell'Indo-Malesia, raccolti da O. Beccari, G. Doria, H. Forbes, J. G. H. Kinberg Ed Altri.

v.1:p.4 (1889-1890)

Ensaios terapêuticos com penicilina: IV - Bouba - (Framboesia, pian, yaws): tratamento das ulcerações gomosas, periostites, osteites áreas de rarefação óssea e gangoza (Rhinopharyngitis mutilans)

Six patients of terciary yaws, were treated with Penicillin in small dosis at Evandro Chagas Hospital of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute. The lesions presented by the patients were: gummatous ulcerations, periostitis, osteitis, osteoporosis and gangoza (rhinopharyngitis mutilans). In all cases, clinic recovery were obtained, the time of treatment varying from 2 to 8 months. The total amount of oxford units 'per" subject varied from 48.000 to 586.800 Patients with bone lesions, ever after the treatment, has not showed complete recomposition of the bone structure, ever so aparently healing and with negative sorologics tests. Identical results has been observed in patient showing the same lesions and treated with neo-arsphenamine. The patients are still under observations at the Hospital.

Estudo sobre Flebotomus no Vale Amazonico Parte IV - Descrição de F. cerqueirai, F. dreisbachi, F. meirai e F. ferreirai: (Diptera-Psychodidae)

Quatro espécies novas de Flebotomus são descritas e os principais caracteres ilustrados em sete estampas e vinte e oito figuras. As descrições são baseadas em exemplares machos.

A vegetação no município de Ilhéus Estado da Bahia: IV - Caracaterísticas analíticas e periodicidade sociológica

It is well-known that diverse groups of vegetation with an analogous but not identical floristic composition show an ecological similarity which leads to a determined type of vegetation. Starting from this fact it becomes evident that the scope of phytosociological work is the establishing of the significance of the species within the association and the discovery of the rules which govern associations. The floristic surveys made in the field have to be analysed statistically so as to obtain satisfactory results. The usefulness of this method depends largely on the possibilities of comparing the results with previous studies of the same kind, in the same country, or elsewhere. The method used in this paper is that of measuring circumferences and counting individuals in the different associations studied because it permits the presentation of the results in tables which show the phytosociological complexity of the Brazilian rain-forests. The classical method of characteristics is valuable because the more evolved an association is the less sociable are the species it contains, so that such groups do not show clear differences between species but rather between sinusia or strata of individuals. Five tables are presented in which several of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics are studied with a view to discussing their value in relation to groups and species. They are: I - Abundance (number of individuals). II - Density (distance in meters between the individuals belonging to each stratum). III - Basal coverture (circles measured in square meters of the mean projection of the individuals on the surface). IV - Basal area (mean circle in square meters occupied by individuals on the surface). V - Frequency, abundance and sociability in relation to occurrence. TABLE I. This table indicates first the number of individuals in relation to the sinusia studied: next, the sum total of the individuals belanging to the strata are given for each association, thus providing the numeric value of the sinusia: finally, the relation between the total number of individuals in the association and the total for the sinusium thus fursnishing the abundance per sinusium, in the classic sence, that is the percentage, or rather the relative number, of the elements which compose the group. CONCLUSIONS. The general character of abundance of the regional vegetation of Ilheos may be summed up in the following way: as an association evolves towards permanent equilibirum the number of individuals the inferior strata diminishes in relation to those of the superior strata which increase. For the shrub sinusium, two important facts were observed: a) in a given association the number of elements of the inferior strata diminishes as the diameter of the individuals increases; b) the percentage of individuals belonging to the shrub sinusium in the sere diminishes as the association evolve. In the subarboreal sinusium it is seen that: in the sere the number of subarboreal individuals does not vary much; whereas in the climax or the prisere there is a fall owing to the equilibrum of the biologic forms. In the arboreal sinusium the following conclusion can be deduced from analogous facts: the number of individuals of the lower strata diminishes as circumference increases. Also, in the sere there is a progressive sequence for the individuals belonging to the superior strata. TABLE II. The relation between the mean distances of individuals belonging to the same stratum and the area of an association is equal to the density. The table shows that the mean density of the association and the distance between the individuals belonging to the strata of the same sinusium in relation to the total number of individuals belonging to the association. CONCLUSIONS. As rule, the density of individuals in the associations studied follows a very general character or at least a regional one: the distance between the individuals in the diverse strata varies according to their abundance and sociability. Two other facts of some sociological importance are: a) in identical strata of the same sere the density of individuals oscillates in an analogous manner in teh subclimaces and varies in the stages which have reached equilibrium. b) the density of individuals varias in accordance with the sinusium and the distances between individuals of the same sinusium varg in accordance with the strata. TABLE III. This table presents the mean basal individual coverture, that is the mean projection of the frond of the various individuals belonging to the same stratum. The means were obtained by measurement in the field, of 100 individuals belonging to each stratum and their projection on the surface. In the latoratory these measurements were converted into mean circles (in square meters) and the result was multiplied by the individuals belonging to the strata corresponding to the sinusium of each association. The result obtained is named basal coverture. CONCLUSIONS. As a rule, the basal coverture of the vegetation of the county of Ilhéus indicates that: in the evolution of the vegetation the basal coverture of the arbustive sinusium diminishes progressively whereas that of the arboreal one increases. The special norms obtained are: 1) in the shrub sinusium the basal coverture seems to follow a uniform norm, that is, in stages of evolution of the subclimax the basal coverture oscillates with a certain uniformity. 2) in the subarboreal sinusium this fact is related to the vitality and age of the species, as in the subclimax the number of young trees is large and the vitality of the species very variable. This permits the conclusion that: in the sere the basal coverture increases with the evolution of the vegetation and diminishes when an equilibrium is reached. 3) in the tree sinusium the climax association of the prisere and subsere seem to obey a binomial rule, as the coverture (density-abundance) increases until a determined stratum is reached and...

Embedding theorems of function classes, IV

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