Encouragement to Increase the Use of Psychosocial Skills in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Patients With Functional Dysphonia.

Clinicians believe that psychosocial factors play a causal role in the etiology of many forms of functional dysphonia (FD). But for decades, all attempts to confirm such causation have failed. This paper aims to show the logic of this failure, to discuss the possibilities of employing psychology in therapy nonetheless, and to encourage clinicians to use their psychosocial knowledge and skills. The failure to confirm psychic and social factors as causal in the etiology of FD is basically a consequence of a principal shortcoming of evidence-based medicine (EBM). As the gold standard for validity, reliability, and objectivity in medical research, EBM is based on calculability and hence the processing of quantitative data. But life paths and life situations are best or sometimes only expressible in qualitative, experiential, and idiographic terms. Thus EBM-guided evaluation undervalues most psychosocial studies. This report of an experienced multidisciplinary voice team proposes alternative pathways for integrating psychosocial knowledge into the diagnosis and the treatment of FD. The difference between the fields of activity of psychotherapists and speech-language pathologists is discussed, and the latter group is shown the potential benefits of using more of their psychosocial knowledge and skills.

Do multiple true-false items beat the commonly used one-best-answers questions regarding to the Ottawa Criteria for Good Assessment? Results of a literature review

Background: Multiple True-False-Items (MTF-Items) might offer some advantages compared to one-best-answer-questions (TypeA) as they allow more than one correct answer and may better represent clinical decisions. However, in medical education assessment MTF-Items are seldom used. Summary of Work: With this literature review existing findings on MTF-items and on TypeA were compared along the Ottawa Criteria for Good Assessment, i.e. (1) reproducibility, (2) feasibility, (3) validity, (4) acceptance, (5) educational effect, (6) catalytic effects, and (7) equivalence. We conducted a literature research on ERIC and Google Scholar including papers from the years 1935 to 2014. We used the search terms “multiple true-false”, “true-false”, “true/false”, and “Kprim” combined with “exam”, “test”, and “assessment”. Summary of Results: We included 29 out of 33 studies. Four of them were carried out in the medical field Compared to TypeA, MTF-Items are associated with (1) higher reproducibility (2) lower feasibility (3) similar validity (4) higher acceptance (5) higher educational effect (6) no studies on catalytic effects or (7) equivalence. Discussion and Conclusions: While studies show overall good characteristics of MTF items according to the Ottawa criteria, this type of question seems to be rather seldom used. One reason might be the reported lower feasibility. Overall the literature base is still weak. Furthermore, only 14 % of literature is from the medical domain. Further studies to better understand the characteristics of MTF-Items in the medical domain are warranted. Take-home messages: Overall the literature base is weak and therefore further studies are needed. Existing studies show that: MTF-Items show higher reliability, acceptance and educational effect; MTF-Items are more difficult to produce

A program manual to assist with implementation of a volunteer health and wellness program

Based on the success of a community health and wellness program, Wellness in the City, delivered in Dallas County by trained volunteers, Texas Cooperative Extension (TCE) decided to pilot the program in 16 counties in North and East Texas. Before implementing the program, TCE wanted the Dallas County program to be reviewed and revised as needed to meet the diverse community needs in the pilot counties. TCE also asked for an implementation manual to be developed for the county agents to utilize. ^ To achieve these objectives, I first reviewed literature on other volunteer-implemented health interventions in the U.S. to see how they were planned, disseminated, implemented, and evaluated. Next, I reviewed the Wellness in the City program and materials. I applied all the information I gathered up to that point to the program development committee meetings (committee included seven TCE county agents, a TCE regional program director, and me). The program structure and training materials were revised based on our research and program implementation experience. These changes were made to ensure adequate training for the volunteers and to create a program that is applicable in the communities it will be piloted in. ^ With the program structure and training presentations developed, next I focused on compiling the implementation manual, which includes program details and volunteer recruitment, training, and management materials. The goal was to create a manual with everything the county agents will need to implement the program, so they can focus their efforts on putting the manual to use and recruiting and managing the volunteers. The final step was developing a program evaluation form for the agents to complete. It includes questions to assess the agents' thoughts about the training content, the feasibility of implementing the program using the manual, and the challenges of the program. ^

A Methodological model to assist the optimization and risk management of mining investment decisions

Identifying, quantifying, and minimizing technical risks associated with investment decisions is a key challenge for mineral industry decision makers and investors. However, risk analysis in most bankable mine feasibility studies are based on the stochastic modelling of project “Net Present Value” (NPV)which, in most cases, fails to provide decision makers with a truly comprehensive analysis of risks associated with technical and management uncertainty and, as a result, are of little use for risk management and project optimization. This paper presents a value-chain risk management approach where project risk is evaluated for each step of the project lifecycle, from exploration to mine closure, and risk management is performed as a part of a stepwise value-added optimization process.

Housing For Young People, Córdoba (2011)

HOUSING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE, CÓRDOBA (2011). COLUMBUS’S EGG = EL HUEVO DE COLÓN

Desenvolvimento de um aplicativo do Kinect para fins de intervenção com pacientes com hanseníase

Os sistemas interativos estão cada vez mais presentes como recursos tecnológicos utilizados pelo homem, sendo que para que a interação ocorra é necessária uma adaptação destes aparatos às reais necessidades do homem. Para garantir a qualidade de interação é preciso focar no princípio da usabilidade do sistema, desenvolvido por Jakob Nielsen, (1994) aprimorando com isso aspectos de acessibilidade, flexibilidade e eficiência no uso, para que o recurso tecnológico torne-se um objeto de modificação nesta relação. Objetivo: desenvolver um painel interativo utilizando a tecnologia Kinect e com isso fornecer informações sobre autocuidado e prevenção de incapacidades da hanseníase para pacientes e profissionais da saúde. Metodologia: Está baseada no modelo consensual que propõe uma solução para o problema de projeto e apresenta-se dividida em quatro fases: (1) projeto informacional; (2) projeto conceitual; (3) projeto preliminar e (4) projeto detalhado. Resultados: foi produzido um protótipo contendo imagens, texto e vídeos com informações sobre a Hanseníase. Este é composto por material coletado nos manuais produzidos pelo Ministério da Saúde para orientação de cuidados na Hanseníase e um vídeo inserido para demonstrar como seria o acesso a este recurso, acessados por meio dos movimentos dos membros superiores no qual a pessoa posiciona-se, em frente ao painel, a uma distância de 80 cm, e seleciona o que deseja ver com uma das mãos, que se torna a \"mão virtual\" movida na tela e seleciona o material instrucional. Os requisitos funcionais e não funcionais foram organizados contendo a caracterização das imagens de forma legível e nítida e opções de textos buscando a compreensão e o acesso da população. Foram desenvolvidos 16 vídeos que ensinam como realizar os exercícios para prevenir incapacidades e possíveis deformidades, estimulando assim o autocuidado. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de material educacional sobre a Hanseníase que utilize as novas tecnologias é escasso e pouco explorado pelos profissionais da reabilitação na hanseníase. Investir em ações que visem tornar a pessoa mais informada sobre sua doença e segura sobre seu tratamento, pode contribuir para a autonomia em parte dos cuidados e as novas tecnologias podem funcionar como importante aliado neste processo.