Mutagenic compounds generated from the chlorination of disperse azo-dyes and their presence in drinking water

The water produced by the Cristais River Drinking Water Treatment Plant (CR-DWTP) repeatedly produced mutagenic responses that could not be explained by the presence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) generated by the reaction of humic acids and chlorine. In order to determine the possible role of chlorinated dye products in this mutagenic activity, solutions of a black dye commercial product (BDCP) composed of C. I. Disperse Blue 373, C. I. Disperse Orange 37, C. I. Disperse Violet 93, and chemically reduced BDCP (R-BDCP) were chlorinated in a manner similar to that used by the CR-DWTP. The resulting solutions were extracted with XAD-4 along with one drinking water sample collected from the CR-DWTP. All extracts showed mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Dye components of the BDCP as well as its reduced chlorinated (Cl-R-BDCP) derivative were detected in the drinking water sample by analysis with a high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). The mutagenicity results of these products suggest that they are, at least in part, accounting for the mutagenic activity detected in the drinking water samples from the Cristais River. The data obtained in this study have environmental and health implications because the chlorination of the BDCP and the R-BDCP leads to the formation of mutagenic compounds (Cl-BDCP and Cl-R-BDCP), which are potentially important disinfection byproducts that can contaminate the drinking water as well as the environment.

Chemical characterization of a dye processing plant effluent - Identification of the mutagenic components

This work shows the chemical characterization of a dye processing plant effluent that was contributing to the mutagenicity previously detected in the Cristais river, São Paulo, Brazil, that had an impact on the quality of the related drinking water. The mutagenic dyes Disperse Blue 373, Disperse Orange 37 and Disperse Violet 93, components of a Black Dye Commercial Product (BDCP) frequently used by the facility, were detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The blue and orange dyes were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) in a raw and treated effluent samples and their contribution to the mutagenicity was calculated based on the potency of each dye for the Salmonella YG1041. In the presence of S9 the Disperse Blue 373 accounted for 2.3% of the mutagenic activity of the raw and 71.5% of the treated effluent. In the absence of S9 the Disperse Blue 373 accounted for 1.3% of the mutagenic activity of the raw and 1.5% of the treated effluent. For the Disperse Orange 37, in the presence of S9, it contributed for 0.5% of the mutagenicity of the raw and 6% of the treated effluent. In the absence of S9; 11.5% and 4.4% of the raw and treated effluent mutagenicity, respectively. The contribution of the Disperse Violet 93 was not evaluated because this compound could not be quantified by HPLC/DAD. Mutagenic and/or carcinogenic aromatic amines were also preliminary detected using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry in both raw and treated and are probably accounting for part of the observed mutagenicity. The effluent treatment applied by the industry does not seem to remove completely the multagenic compounds. The Salmomella/microsome assay coupled with TLC analysis seems to be an important tool to monitor the efficiency of azo dye processing plant effluent treatments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparação de dois métodos de extração de Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli em sementes de feijoeiro

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli from naturally infected dry bean seeds. Extraction methods tested included soaking whole seeds in sterilized saline phosphate buffer and crushing seeds after soaking in sterilized saline phosphate buffer. The bacterium was isolated on a semiselective agar medium. The seed crushing method was found to be more effective. The bacterium strains isolated were pathogenic to bean leaves, reacted with X. campestris pv. phaseoli antiserum, and had morphological and physiological/biochemical characteristics typical of the X. campestris pv. phaseoli.

Induction of chromosome aberrations in the Allium cepa test system caused by the exposure of seeds to industrial effluents contaminated with azo dyes

Numerous potentially mutagenic chemicals have been studied mainly because they can cause damaging and inheritable changes in the genetic material. Several tests are commonly used for biomonitoring pollution levels and to evaluate the effects of toxic and mutagenic agents present in the natural environment. This study aimed at assessing the potential of a textile effluent contaminated with azo dyes to induce chromosomal and nuclear aberrations in Allium cepa test systems. A continuous exposure of seeds in samples of the textile effluent in different concentrations was carried out (0.3%, 3%, 10%, and 100%). Cells in interphase and undergoing division were examined to assess the presence of chromosome aberrations, nuclear changes, and micronuclei. Our results revealed a mutagenic effect of the effluent at concentrations of 10% and 100%. At lower concentrations, the effluent (3% and 0.3%) did not induce mutagenic alterations in the test organism A. cepa. These findings are of concern, since cell damage may be transmitted to subsequent generations, possibly affecting the organism as a whole, as well as the local biota exposed to the effluent discharge. If the damage results in cell death, the development of the organism may be affected, which could also lead to its death. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efeito fotodinâmico da curcumina em micelas de cetrimida sobre cepas de candida susceptíveis e resistentes a fluconazol

Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

Esterilização de materiais termossensíveis através de aplicação de plasma gerado por descarga com barreira dielétrica (DBD)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Demodulação de sinais interferométricos de saída de sensor eletro-óptico de tensões elevadas utilizando processador digital de sinais

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Sensor eletro-óptico de tensões elevadas e sua viabilidade para implementação de TP óptico

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Quantificação da resoluçao do sistema SPECT-CZT através do uso da função de transferência modulada (MTF)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Associação de enterococcus faecalis, candida albicans e escherichia coli em canais radiculares e avaliação dos efeitos de extratos naturais sobre os microrganismos e endotoxinas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transformação do glicerol em compostos de interesse petroquímico catalisada por zeólitas com ordem hierárquica de poros

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Byrsonima ssp: estudo anatômico e histoquímico foliar, atividade antimicobacteriana e citotoxicidade de extratos e seus derivados -

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação do potencial tripanocida de substâncias extraídas da Família Piperaceae em formas epimastigotas de Trypanosoma cruzi

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracteres estruturais e dimensão fractal da folha de espécies de Arachis e sua relação com a cercosporiose

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da modificação ácido-etanólica do amido de mandioca seguida de moagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)