Automação de bibliotecas e centros de documentação: o processo de avaliação e seleção de softwares

O mercado de produção e geração de softwares para automação de bibliotecas apresentou grande impulso nos últimos dez anos. Escolher um software representa, hoje, mais que escolher uma ferramenta tecnológica para implementar serviços prestados pelas bibliotecas. Representa introduzir nova filosofia de trabalho, novos comportamentos e valores informacionais. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado dos estudos realizados para a escolha de um software para a automação das bibliotecas da Presidência da República. Pretende contribuir com a revisão de literatura e com os profissionais e estudiosos da área, oferecendo uma análise de cada produto, bem como a identificação dos requisitos indispensáveis e desejáveis que o software deve possuir para o processo de automação de bibliotecas e centros de documentação.

Softwares para automação de bibliotecas e centros de documentação na literatura brasileira até 1998

Estudo panorâmico sobre a utilização de software para a automação de bibliotecas no Brasil até 1998, contendo análise de tendências desta produção bibliográfica quanto à sua autoria, tipo de documentação, meio de publicação, distribuição geográfica e no tempo. Inclui uma descrição sucinta dos principais software citados na literatura.

SIMSAFADIM-CLASTIC: A new approach to mathematical 3D forward simulation modelling for terrigenous and carbonate marine sedimentation

Most sedimentary modelling programs developed in recent years focus on either terrigenous or carbonate marine sedimentation. Nevertheless, only a few programs have attempted to consider mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation, and most of these are two-dimensional, which is a major restriction since geological processes take place in 3D. This paper presents the basic concepts of a new 3D mathematical forward simulation model for clastic sediments, which was developed from SIMSAFADIM, a previous 3D carbonate sedimentation model. The new extended model, SIMSAFADIM-CLASTIC, simulates processes of autochthonous marine carbonate production and accumulation, together with clastic transport and sedimentation in three dimensions of both carbonate and terrigenous sediments. Other models and modelling strategies may also provide realistic and efficient tools for prediction of stratigraphic architecture and facies distribution of sedimentary deposits. However, SIMSAFADIM-CLASTIC becomes an innovative model that attempts to simulate different sediment types using a process-based approach, therefore being a useful tool for 3D prediction of stratigraphic architecture and facies distribution in sedimentary basins. This model is applied to the neogene Vallès-Penedès half-graben (western Mediterranean, NE Spain) to show the capacity of the program when applied to a realistic geologic situation involving interactions between terrigenous clastics and carbonate sediments.

Integration of local-scale hydrological and regional-scale geophysical based on a nonlinear Bayesian sequential simulation approach

Significant progress has been made with regard to the quantitative integration of geophysical and hydrological data at the local scale. However, extending the corresponding approaches to the regional scale represents a major, and as-of-yet largely unresolved, challenge. To address this problem, we have developed a downscaling procedure based on a non-linear Bayesian sequential simulation approach. The basic objective of this algorithm is to estimate the value of the sparsely sampled hydraulic conductivity at non-sampled locations based on its relation to the electrical conductivity, which is available throughout the model space. The in situ relationship between the hydraulic and electrical conductivities is described through a non-parametric multivariate kernel density function. This method is then applied to the stochastic integration of low-resolution, re- gional-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data in combination with high-resolution, local-scale downhole measurements of the hydraulic and electrical conductivities. Finally, the overall viability of this downscaling approach is tested and verified by performing and comparing flow and transport simulation through the original and the downscaled hydraulic conductivity fields. Our results indicate that the proposed procedure does indeed allow for obtaining remarkably faithful estimates of the regional-scale hydraulic conductivity structure and correspondingly reliable predictions of the transport characteristics over relatively long distances.

Uso de softwares para o gerenciamento de bibliotecas: um estudo de caso da migração do sistema Aleph para o sistema Pergamum na Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul

Apresenta um dos primeiros processos de migração ocorrido entre os principais softwares pagos disponíveis atualmente no mercado brasileiro. Estão descritas as etapas da conversão do sistema Aleph para o sistema Pergamum, bem como as principais dificuldades enfrentadas e as soluções encontradas. O processo de transferência ora apresentado mostra-se um case que poderá servir como base para futuras conversões.

Melhoria da qualidade da informação organizacional pela agregação de resumo: análise de softwares geradores de resumo (summarizers)

A concisão é característica central da informação de qualidade, sendo o resumo o principal recurso para sua atribuição à informação organizacional. O resumo proporciona aos pesquisadores rápida compreensão da informação, melhora os níveis de acesso e utilização dos acervos de informações corporativas. A pesquisa avaliou a capacidade de softwares para geração automática de resumos (softwares resumidores) em selecionar as unidades de texto que expressem as ideias centrais em informações textuais extensas. Geraram-se, a partir desses, resumos para um artigo amplamente conhecido; estes, em conjunto com o resumo original do autor, foram avaliados por 20 pesquisadores, profundos conhecedores do texto. Observou-se que o autor humano apresenta qualidade superior, porém o nível de qualidade dos resumos gerados pelas novas gerações de softwares resumidores permite considerá-los como ferramentas importantes aos centros de informações organizacionais que necessitam agregar valor às suas coleções de informações.

MMPBSA decomposition of the binding energy throughout a molecular dynamics simulation of Amyloid-Beta (Aß10-35) aggregation

Recent experiments with amyloid-beta (Aß) peptides indicate that the formation of toxic oligomers may be an important contribution to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The toxicity of Aß oligomers depend on their structure, which is governed by assembly dynamics. However, a detailed knowledge of the structure of at the atomic level has not been achieved yet due to limitations of current experimental techniques. In this study, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations are used to identify the expected diversity of dimer conformations of Aß10-35 monomers. The most representative dimer conformation has been used to track the dimer formation process between both monomers. The process has been characterized by means of the evolution of the decomposition of the binding free energy, which provides an energetic profile of the interaction. Dimers undergo a process of reorganization driven basically by inter-chain hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions and also solvation/desolvation processes.

Dosage optimization of treatments using population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation.

Pharmacokinetic variability in drug levels represent for some drugs a major determinant of treatment success, since sub-therapeutic concentrations might lead to toxic reactions, treatment discontinuation or inefficacy. This is true for most antiretroviral drugs, which exhibit high inter-patient variability in their pharmacokinetics that has been partially explained by some genetic and non-genetic factors. The population pharmacokinetic approach represents a very useful tool for the description of the dose-concentration relationship, the quantification of variability in the target population of patients and the identification of influencing factors. It can thus be used to make predictions and dosage adjustment optimization based on Bayesian therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This approach has been used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine (NVP) in 137 HIV-positive patients followed within the frame of a TDM program. Among tested covariates, body weight, co-administration of a cytochrome (CYP) 3A4 inducer or boosted atazanavir as well as elevated aspartate transaminases showed an effect on NVP elimination. In addition, genetic polymorphism in the CYP2B6 was associated with reduced NVP clearance. Altogether, these factors could explain 26% in NVP variability. Model-based simulations were used to compare the adequacy of different dosage regimens in relation to the therapeutic target associated with treatment efficacy. In conclusion, the population approach is very useful to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs in a population of interest. The quantification and the identification of the sources of variability is a rational approach to making optimal dosage decision for certain drugs administered chronically.