Thermocapillary flow in an annular liquid layer painted on a moving fiber

In the present paper, a theoretical model is studied on the flow in the liquid annular film, which is ejected from a vessel with relatively higher temperature and painted on the moving solid fiber. A temperature gradient, driving a thermocapillary flow, is formed on the free surface because of the heat transfer from the liquid with relatively higher temperature to the environmental gas with relatively lower temperature. The thermocapillary flow may change the radii profile of the liquid film. This process analyzed is based on the approximations of lubrication theory and perturbation theory, and the equation of the liquid layer radii and the process of thermal hydrodynamics in the liquid layer are solved for a temperature distribution on the solid fiber.

Concentration distribution in solution crystal growth: effect of moving interface conditions

The linear diffusion-reaction theory with finite interface kinetics is employed to describe the dissolution and the growth processes. The results show that it is imperative to consider the effect of the moving interfaces on the concentration distribution at the growth interface for some cases. For small aspect ratio and small gravity magnitude, the dissolution and the growth interfaces must be treated as the moving boundaries within an angle range of 0 degrees < gamma < 50 degrees in this work. For large aspect ratio or large gravity magnitude, the effect of the moving interfaces on the concentration distribution at the growth interface can be neglected except for gamma < - 50 degrees.

Study of Gliding Arc Discharge Plasma

本文研究了滑动弧放电过程中电参数的变化，并对滑动弧等离子体中的非平衡度和各参数之间关系进行了讨论。应用了双通道电弧模型 ，对电弧在气流作用下的运动规律进行了数值模拟。模拟的结果有助于分析滑动弧非平衡等离子体的产生机理。 The elelctric parameters change during discharge is studied and the relationship between non-equilibrium degree and parameters is discussed for gliding arc discharge.Using two-channel model, the rules of arc moving due to effect of the airflow is simulated.The numerical simulation results can help analyzing the generation mechanism of gliding arc non-equilibrium plasma.

Wave dynamic processes induced by a supersonic projectile discharging from a shock tube

A numerical study on wave dynamic processes occurring in muzzle blast flows, which are created by a supersonic projectile released from the open-end of a shock tube into ambient air, is described in this paper. The Euler equations, assuming axisymmetric flows, are solved by using a dispersion-controlled scheme implemented with moving boundary conditions. Three test cases are simulated for examining friction effects on the muzzle flow. From numerical simulations, the wave dynamic processes, including two blast waves, two jet flows, the bow shock wave and their interactions in the muzzle blasts, are demonstrated and discussed in detail. The study shows that the major wave dynamic processes developing in the muzzle flow remain similar when the friction varies, but some wave processes, such as shock-shock interactions, shock-jet interactions and the contact surface instability, get more intensive, which result in more complex muzzle blast flows.

Dust-Cloud Structures behind a Shock Wave Moving Over a Deposited Layer of Fine Particles

The present paper investigates dispersed-phase flow structures of a dust cloud induced by a normal shock wave moving at a constant speed over a flat surface deposited with fine particles. In the shock-fitted coordinates, the general equations of dusty-gas

Modeling of Ammonothermal Growth of Nitrides

Bulk single crystals of GaN and AlN can be grown from supercritical fluids using the ammonothermal method, which utilizes ammonia as fluid rather than water as in the hydrothermal process. In this process, a mineralizer such as amide, imide or nitride is used to attack a bulk nitride feedstock at temperatures from 200°C to 500°C and pressures from 1 to 4 kbar. Ammonothermal systems have been modeled here using fluid dynamics, thermodynamics and heat transfer models. The nutrient is considered as a porous media bed and the fluid flow is simulated using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model. The resulting governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. The effects of particle size on flow pattern and temperature distribution in an autoclave are analyzed.

Effects of Baffle Design on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Ammonothermal Growth System of Nitrides

Efforts have been made in growing bulk single crystals of GaN front supercritical fluids using the ammonothermal method, which utilizes ammonia as fluid rather than water as in the hydrothermal process. Different mineralizers such as amide or azide and temperatures in the range of 200-600degreesC have been used to increase the solubility. The pressure is from 1 to 4 kbar. Modeling of the ammonothermal growth process has been used to identify factors which may affect the temperature distribution, fluid flow and nutrient transport. The GaN charge is considered as a porous media bed and the flow in the charge is simulated using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model. The resulting governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. The effects of baffle design and opening on flow pattern and temperature distribution in an autoclave are analyzed. Two cases are considered with baffle openings of 15% and 20% in cross-sectional area, respectively.

Effects on Dense-phase Zone Temperature of Fluidized Bed with Uneven Air Distribution

由于采用非均匀布风,内旋流流化床的移动区空气量不足,导致燃烧不充分,温度较低。当移动区未流化时,密相区内存在较明显的温度不均匀性。随着移动区流速的提高,温度差迅速减小。当移动区流速超过2.0#mu#m后,密相区温度基本均匀一致。流动区流速对密相区温度均匀有一定的影响,流速越高,温度越均匀。

Wastage of low alloy steels in a fluidized bed environment

The wastage behaviour of four low alloy steels, suitable for use as evaporator tubing in industrial atmospheric fluidized bed combustors (AFBCs), was examined in a laboratory-scale test rig. Specimens exposed in the test apparatus experienced a high flux of impacts at low particle velocities similar to conditions in a FBC boiler. The influence of time, velocity and temperature on the wastage behaviour was examined and incubation times and velocity exponents were determined and their values discussed. Since high-temperature oxidation played an important role in this process, the short-term oxidation rate of each of the steels was measured. The mechanisms of material loss across the temperature range were discussed and the behaviour of the low alloy steels in the current work was compared with that of high alloy and stainless steels in earlier studies. © 1995.

Laboratory-scale fluidized bed rig for high-temperature tube wastage studies

As part of a study of the wear of candidate heat exchanger tube materials for use in fluidized bed combustors, two similar laboratory-scale rigs have been built and characterized. Specimens of selected alloys are carried on counter-rotating rotors immersed in a fluidized bed, and are exposed to particle impact velocities of up to approximately 3 ms-1 at temperatures up to 1000°C. The performance of this design of apparatus has been investigated in detail. The effects of several experimental variables have been studied, including angle of particle impact, specimen speed, position of the rotor within the fluidized bed, duration of exposure, bed material particle size, degradation of the bed material, degree of fluidization of the bed, and size of specimen. In many cases the results obtained with steel specimens at elevated temperatures are similar to those observed with polymeric specimens at low temperatures.

Dynamics of collapsing fluidized beds and its application in the simulation of pulsed fluidized beds

A new method to study collapsing process of fluidized bed was proposed. The method is based on the analysis of the pressure variation during collapse. A model is proposed to describe the pressure variation on any location of the bed during collapse. Three kind of particles were fluidized by air and the pressure variation after shutting down the gas supply was measured by pressure transducers and simulated by the proposed model. The simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The parameters of the fluidized bed, such as bubble fraction alpha(b), particle fraction in dense phase alpha(p), bubble velocity u(b) and slip velocity of particle u(i), can be estimated from the measured pressure data by using the proposed model. The model was also used to calculate the pressure variation in pulsed fluidized beds with low frequency.

Shocked Flows Induced by Supersonic Projectiles Moving in Tubes

A numerical study on shocked flows induced by a supersonic projectile moving in tubes is described in this paper. The dispersion-controlled scheme was adopted to solve the Euler equations implemented with moving boundary conditions. Four test cases were carried out in the present study: the first two cases are for validation of numerical algorithms and verification of moving boundary conditions, and the last two cases are for investigation into wave dynamic processes induced by the projectile moving at Mach numbers of M-p = 2.0 and 2.4, respectively, in a short time duration after the projectile was released from a shock tube into a big chamber. It was found that complex shock phenomena exist in the shocked flow, resulting from shock-wave/projectile interaction, shock-wave focusing, shock-wave reflection and shock-wave/contact-surface interactions, from which turbulence and vortices may be generated. This is a fundamental study on complex shock phenomena, and is also a useful investigation for understanding on shocked flows in the ram accelerator that may provide a highly efficient facility for launching hypersonic projectiles.