Los diez mandamientos del diablo (O como nunca llegar a ser empresario). Emprendedores latinoamericanos, protagonistas del siglo XXI

Es un verdadero privilegio poderme reunir este día con jóvenes emprendedores, en este VII Congreso Latinoamericano sobre Espiritu Empresarial. Quiero agradecer a las licenciadas María Magdalena Saleme Aguilar y Diana Ayala, por haberme invitado a participar en este foro y en especial a la Licenciada Hilda Rosario Dávila Ibáñez, amiga mia casi de toda la vida y una gran mujer regiomontana, quien fue la que realmente me convenció y es la culpable de que me tengan hoy aquí.

¿Qué no es paz?

Cuando se habla del tema de la Paz, generalmente se llega a discusiones sin fin, que no conducen a nada; sin embargo, caldea los ánimos e indispone a los participantes. Y todo sigue igual. Es un círculo vicioso porque se pretende llegar a la Paz por medio de disputas acaloradas en los salones y violentas masacres en los campos. Y todos seguimos perdiendo.

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, 6 x 10(19) eV. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than 3.1 degrees from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the Veron-Cetty and Veron 12th catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is (38(-6)(+7))%, compared with 21% expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of (69-(+11)(13))%. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Repercusiones laborales de la estrategia neoliberal en la industria Poblana del vestido

La subcontratación y la inestabilidad laboral son dos fenómenos sociales íntimamente ligados desde los orígenes del sistema capitalista mundial. Ambos se incrementaron, tanto en los países centrales como en los periféricos, a raíz de la crisis capitalista detonada por Richard Nixon en 1971 al devaluar el dólar. La restructuración de la industria manufacturera mundial provocada por la estrategia neoliberal ha tenido repercusiones estructurales ante todo en las industrias intensivas en mano de obra barata. La industria del vestido poblana es un caso evidente que demuestra la multiplicación de las maquiladoras y la creciente inestabilidad laboral durante la era neoliberal.

The fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10(18) eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and Statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one Surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10(18) eV We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular. the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape The spectrum can be described by a broken power law E-gamma with index gamma = 3 3 below the ankle which is measured at log(10)(E-ankle/eV) = 18 6 Above the ankle the spectrum is described by a power law with index 2 6 followed by a flux suppression, above about log(10)(E/eV) = 19 5, detected with high statistical significance (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved

Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10(18) eV

We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X-max, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10(18) eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +/- 35-21) g/cm(2)/decade below 10(18.24) +/- (0.05) eV, and d24 +/- 3 g/cm(2)/ecade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm(2). The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perforin calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by Cosmic rays of above 10(18) eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group Of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, ail area exceeding 3000 km(2). The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements oil air shower reconstructions. Between 10(18) and 10(20) eV, the systematic Uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm(-2) to 8 g cm(-2) in measurements of the shower maximum. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Papeles de Medicina

La Facultad de Medicina de la UANL es de las pocas dependencias universitarias que conservan su archivo histórico, prácticamente desde su fundación hace siglo y medio. Esta preservación que enriquece los acervos documentales y bibliográficos de la institución se debe en buena medida al cuidado e importancia que las autoridades le han dado al patrimonio documental.

Fusión y adquisición de empresas, tratamiento financiero, mercantíl y tributario.

Después de analizar y discutir el tema sobre el cual versaría el estudio a realizar, el grupo de trabajo, decidió embarcarse en la investigación de los procesos de Fusiones y Adquisiciones de Empresas en el Salvador, su tratamiento financiero contable, mercantil y las implicaciones tributarias, decisión que fue tomada al observar los constantes cambios y estrategias de las unidades económicas de nuestro país y la dinámica de globalización. Se persiguió con el estudio conocer y aplicar por medio de planteamientos y desarrollo de casos prácticos, las disposiciones en materia mercantil y tributaria de nuestra legislación para poner en vigencia el importante conocimiento de las fusiones y adquisiciones de sociedades y también de la normativa contable para la preparación y presentación de la información financiera y dar cumplimiento al objetivo de la normativa financiera internacional que es el de presentar de manera comprensible, general y comparativa la información de transacciones financieras entre diferentes empresas. Dicho estudio se realizó con la recolección de información bibliográfica disponible como textos que tratan el tema, tesis de temas relacionados, la legislación vigente en materia mercantil y tributaria al año 2009 y normas internacionales de información financiera, además el grupo de investigación dispuso de casos reales que sufrieron el proceso de fusiones y adquisiciones que trata el tema lo cual fue la base para compararlo con las disposiciones legales vigentes y para ilustrar los trámites y diligencias a seguir contenido en el informe. Entre los resultados obtenidos en la investigación tenemos que para realizar una operación de fusión y adquisición de sociedades que se unen hay varias formas de hacerlo, la más conveniente dependerá de los objetivos que tengan las sociedades participantes, que los procesos, formalidades, diligencias y trámites son extensos y precisos y que se demanda de los profesionales involucrados en realizar estas transformaciones entre compañías que tengan el conocimiento vigente y necesario para agilizar las operaciones, pasos necesarios a fin de cumplir uno de los objetivos de toda empresas con fines de lucro que es la eficiencia, economía, eficacia y calidad.

Characterization of some bacterial strains isolated from animal clinical materials and identified as Corynebacterium xerosis by molecular biological techniques

Eighteen Corynebacterium xerosis strains isolated from different animal clinical specimens were subjected to phenotypic and molecular genetic studies. On the basis of the results of the biochemical characterization, the strains were tentatively identified as C. xerosis. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative analysis of the sequences of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes revealed that the 18 strains were highly related to C. xerosis, C. amycolatum, C. freneyi, and C. hansenii. There was a good concordance between 16S rRNA and partial rpoB gene sequencing results, although partial rpoB gene sequencing allowed better differentiation of C. xerosis. Alternatively, C. xerosis was also differentiated from C. freneyi and C. amycolatum by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region. Phenotypic characterization indicated that besides acid production from D-turanose and 5-ketogluconate, 90% of the strains were able to reduce nitrate. The absence of the fatty acids C(14:0), C(15:0), C(16:1)omega 7c, and C(17:1)omega 8c can also facilitate the differentiation of C. xerosis from closely related species. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that for reliable identification of C. xerosis strains from clinical samples, a combination of phenotypic and molecular-biology-based identification techniques is necessary.

La noche

Traducción española de la obra "A noite", de José Saramago.

Consideraciones básicas del pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin, en la educación

This essay consists of a brief description and analysis of Edgar Morin´s complex thinking. For that reason, it focuses on the systematic approach that refers to the interconnection and interactions of objects, people, and environment as a whole, which serve as the basis of the educational proposal, where knowledge must be regarded as an integrated fashion and not as something fragmented. Thus, human knowledge should raise awareness that we are just a component of a more general system (complex and in constant interaction), where education can be an effective source for students to develop the capacity of understanding other complex systems, besides living organisms, where also there is a big influence from “new sciences” and humanities. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop those ideas proposed by Edgar Morin.

Experiencias de investigación en la secundaria: una visión desde adentro

This paper shows results of the project on Alfabetización crítica en la cultura escolar: Cultura política en la educación secundaria costarricense, currently being developed at the División de  Educología, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. The first phase of this research refers to the aim to know more about the reaction of high school students dealing in the traditional authoritarian type school. There are evidences that a repressive and excluding scholar institution does not promote the integral development of the students. This new phase of the project gathers also the voice of teachers. Through the action-research methodology teachers are accompanied and encouraged into a process of deep thinking on those problematic aspects of the school environment. Our main objective is to compare the opinions between students and teachers. experiencias de investigación en la secundaria: una visión desde adentro